TY - JOUR AU - Liu, Tiancun AU - Wang, Jinlong AU - Xu, Yi AU - Zhang, Yifan AU - Wang, Yong PY - 2021/08/09 Y2 - 2024/03/29 TI - Dendrite-Free and Stable Lithium Metal Battery Achieved by a Model of Stepwise Lithium Deposition and Stripping JF - Nano-Micro Letters JA - Nano-Micro Lett VL - 13 IS - SE - Articles DO - 10.1007/s40820-021-00687-3 UR - https://nmlett.org/index.php/nml/article/view/936 SP - 170 AB - <p>The uncontrolled formation of lithium (Li) dendrites and the unnecessary consumption of electrolyte during the Li plating/stripping process have been major obstacles in developing safe and stable Li metal batteries. Herein, we report a cucumber-like lithiophilic composite skeleton (CLCS) fabricated through a facile oxidation-immersion-reduction method. The stepwise Li deposition and stripping, determined using in situ Raman spectra during the galvanostatic Li charging/discharging process, promote the formation of a dendrite-free Li metal anode. Furthermore, numerous pyridinic N, pyrrolic N, and Cu<sub>x</sub>N sites with excellent lithiophilicity work synergistically to distribute Li ions and suppress the formation of Li dendrites. Owing to these advantages, cells based on CLCS exhibit a high Coulombic efficiency of 97.3% for 700 cycles and an improved lifespan of 2000&nbsp;h for symmetric cells. The full cells assembled with LiFePO<sub>4</sub> (LFP), SeS<sub>2</sub> cathodes and CLCS@Li anodes demonstrate high capacities of 110.1 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> after 600 cycles at 0.2 A g<sup>−1</sup> in CLCS@Li|LFP and 491.8 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> after 500 cycles at 1 A g<sup>−1</sup> in CLCS@Li|SeS<sub>2</sub>. The unique design of CLCS may accelerate the application of Li metal anodes in commercial Li metal batteries.</p><p>Highlights:</p><p>1 A facile method is adopted to obtain cucumber-like lithiophilic composite skeleton.<br>2 Massive lithiophilic sites in cucumber-like lithiophilic composite skeleton can promote and guide uniform Li depositions.<br>3 A unique model of stepwise Li deposition and stripping is determined.</p> ER -