Issue

Vol. 18 (2026)

Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Future Space Missions

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01944-5
Rayyan Ali Shaukat
Division of Machine Elements, Lulea University of Technology, 97187 Lulea, Sweden
Muhammad Muqeet Rehman
Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Applied Energy System, Jeju National University, Jeju City 63243, Republic of Korea
Maryam Khan
Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Applied Energy System, Jeju National University, Jeju City 63243, Republic of Korea
Rui Chang
Aerospace Research and Innovation Center (ARIC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, 127788 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Carlo Saverio Iorio
Centre for Research and Engineering in Space Technologies, University of Brussels, Brussels , Belgium
Yarjan Abdul Samad
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Khalifa University of Science & Technology, 127788 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Yijun Shi
Division of Machine Elements, Lulea University of Technology, 97187 Lulea, Sweden

Corresponding Author: Yarjan Abdul Samad

yarjan.abdulsamad@ku.ac.ae

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 18 (2026), Article Number: 98

Abstract

Space exploration is significant for scientific innovation, resource utilization, and planetary security. Space exploration involves several systems including satellites, space suits, communication systems, and robotics, which have to function under harsh space conditions such as extreme temperatures (− 270 to 1650 °C), microgravity (10⁻⁶ g), unhealthy humidity (< 20% RH or > 60% RH), high atmospheric pressure (~ 1450 psi), and radiation (4000–5000 mSv). Conventional energy-harvesting technologies (solar cells, fuel cells, and nuclear energy), that are normally used to power these space systems have certain limitations (e.g., sunlight dependence, weight, degradation, big size, high cost, low capacity, radioactivity, complexity, and low efficiency). The constraints in conventional energy resources have made it imperative to look for non-conventional yet efficient alternatives. A great potential for enhancing efficiency, sustainability, and mission duration in space exploration can be offered by integrating triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) with existing energy sources. Recently, the potential of TENG including energy harvesting (from vibrations/movements in satellites and spacecraft), self-powered sensing, and microgravity, for multiple applications in different space missions has been discussed. This review comprehensively covers the use of TENGs for various space applications, such as planetary exploration missions (Mars environment monitoring), manned space equipment, In-orbit robotic operations /collision monitoring, spacecraft's design and structural health monitoring, Aeronautical systems, and conventional energy harvesting (solar and nuclear). This review also discusses the use of self-powered TENG sensors for deep space object perception. At the same time, this review compares TENGs with conventional energy harvesting technologies for space systems. Lastly, this review talks about energy harvesting in satellites, TENG-based satellite communication systems, and future practical implementation challenges (with possible solutions).


Highlights:
1 This review paper highlights the comprehensive evaluation of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) for various space environments.
2 This review paper discusses the multifunctional role of TENGs beyond energy harnessing.
3 This review demonstrates the future trends (possible roadmap) of utilization of TENGs in space exploration.

Keywords

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) Space missions Sustainable energy harvesting Harsh space conditions Self-powered sensors Satellite missions
Shaukat, Rayyan Ali, Muhammad Muqeet Rehman, Maryam Khan, Rui Chang, Carlo Saverio Iorio, Yarjan Abdul Samad, and Yijun Shi. 2026. “Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Future Space Missions”. Nano-Micro Letters 18 (January):98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01944-5.
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