Experimental evidence for the formation mechanism of metallic catalyst-free carbon nanotubes
Corresponding Author: Y. H. Tang
Nano-Micro Letters,
Vol. 2 No. 1 (2010), Article Number: 18-21
Abstract
Our work reported that the so-called pure carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be synthesized without metallic catalyst by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The as-prepared CNTs have average diameter of 50 nm and length over several microns. Analysis of intermediate objects in the products indicates that their formation mechanism follows the wire-to-tube model. Besides, according to thermodynamic analysis of the driving force combing with experimental results, we find that the thermal gradient can effectively favor the formation of CNTs in our metallic catalyst-free CVD.
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- S. Iijima, Nature 354, 56 (1991). doi:10.1038/354056a0
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References
S. Iijima, Nature 354, 56 (1991). doi:10.1038/354056a0
R. T. K. Baker, M. A. Barber, P. S. Harris, F. S. Feates and R. J. Waite, J. Catal. 26, 51 (1972). doi:10.1016/0021-9517(72)90032-2
R. T. K. Baker and J. J. Chludzinski, J. Catal. 64, 464 (1980). doi:10.1016/0021-9517(80)90518-7
R. T. K. Baker, Carbon 27, 315 (1989). doi:10.1016/0008-6223(89)90062-6
S. Amelinckx, D. Bernaerts, X. B. Zhang, G. V. Tendeloo and J. V. Landuyt, Science 267, 1334 (1995). doi:10.1126/science.267.5202.1334
T. Guo, P. Nikolaev, A. G. Rinzler, D. Tománek, D. T. Colbert and R. E. Smalley,J. Phys. Chem. 99, 10694 (1995). doi:10.1021/j100027a002
S. Iijima, P. M. Ajayan and T. Ichihashi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 3100 (1992). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.3100
M. Endo and H. Kroto, J. Phys. Chem. 96, 6941 (1992). doi:10.1021/j100196a017
Y. H. Tang, P. Zhang, P. S. Kim, T. K. Sham, Y. F. Hu and X. H. Sun, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 3773 (2001). doi:10.1063/1.1425462
G. Du, S. Feng, J. Zhao, C. Song, S. Bai and Z. Zhu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 15405 (2006). doi:10.1021/ja064151z
S. Amelinckx, X. B. Zhang, D. Bernaerts, X. F. Zhang, V. Ivanov and J. B. Nagy, Science 265, 635 (1994). doi:10.1126/science.265.5172.635
Y. K. Kwon, Y. H. Lee, S. G. Kim, P. Jund, D. Tománek and R. E. Smalley, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 2065 (1997). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.2065
J. Bernholc, C. Brabec, M. Buongiorno Nardelli, A. Maiti, C. Roland and B. I. Yakobson, Appl. Phys. A 67, 39 (1998). doi:10.1007/s003390050735
A. Yasuda, N. Kawase and W. Mizutani, J. Phys. Chem. B 106, 13294 (2002). doi:10.1021/jp020977l
Z. Li, L. Wang, Y. Su, Z. Yang, P. Liu and Y. Zhang, Nano-Micro Lett. 1, 9 (2009).
J. W. Snoeck, G. F. Froment and M. Fowles, J. Catal. 169, 240 (1997). doi:10.1006/jcat.1997.1634
N. M. Hwang and D. Y. Yoon, J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 13, 1437 (1994).doi:10.1007/BF00405056