Issue

Vol. 17 (2025)

Hydrogel Electrolytes-Based Rechargeable Zinc-Ion Batteries under Harsh Conditions

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01727-y
Zhaoxi Shen
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People’s Republic of China
Zicheng Zhai
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People’s Republic of China
Yu Liu
Department of Materials Science Engineering & Centre of Super‑Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, People’s Republic of China
Xuewei Bao
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People’s Republic of China
Yuechong Zhu
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People’s Republic of China
Tong Zhang
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People’s Republic of China
Linsen Li
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People’s Republic of China
Guo Hong
Department of Materials Science Engineering & Centre of Super‑Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, People’s Republic of China
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5658-2244
Ning Zhang
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People’s Republic of China
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6176-7278

Corresponding Author: Ning Zhang

ningzhang@hbu.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 17 (2025), Article Number: 227

Abstract

Rechargeable zinc (Zn)-ion batteries (RZIBs) with hydrogel electrolytes (HEs) have gained significant attention in the last decade owing to their high safety, low cost, sufficient material abundance, and superb environmental friendliness, which is extremely important for wearable energy storage applications. Given that HEs play a critical role in building flexible RZIBs, it is urgent to summarize the recent advances in this field and elucidate the design principles of HEs for practical applications. This review systematically presents the development history, recent advances in the material fundamentals, functional designs, challenges, and prospects of the HEs-based RZIBs. Firstly, the fundamentals, species, and flexible mechanisms of HEs are discussed, along with their compatibility with Zn anodes and various cathodes. Then, the functional designs of hydrogel electrolytes in harsh conditions are comprehensively discussed, including high/low/wide-temperature windows, mechanical deformations (e.g., bending, twisting, and straining), and damages (e.g., cutting, burning, and soaking). Finally, the remaining challenges and future perspectives for advancing HEs-based RZIBs are outlined.


Highlights:
1 The developing history and recent advances of hydrogel electrolytes for rechargeable zinc-ion batteries under harsh conditions are summarized.
2 The fundamentals, species, and mechanisms of the hydrogel electrolytes are discussed.
3 The functional design strategies for advanced hydrogel electrolytes under harsh conditions are discussed.
4 The remaining challenges and future perspectives for the practical application of hydrogel electrolyte-based rechargeable zinc-ion batteries are discussed.

Keywords

Hydrogel electrolytes Rechargeable zinc-ion batteries Harsh conditions Design strategies Energy storage
Shen, Zhaoxi, Zicheng Zhai, Yu Liu, Xuewei Bao, Yuechong Zhu, Tong Zhang, Linsen Li, Guo Hong, and Ning Zhang. 2025. “Hydrogel Electrolytes-Based Rechargeable Zinc-Ion Batteries under Harsh Conditions”. Nano-Micro Letters 17 (April):227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01727-y.
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