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Vol. 18 (2026)

Heterolayered Carbonized MXene/Polyimide Aerogel for Low-Reflection Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Multi-Spectrum Compatible Protection

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-02027-1
Shan Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Interfacial Materials Science, Bioinspired Science Innovation Center, Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou 311115, People’s Republic of China
Chen‑Ming Liang
State Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Interfacial Materials Science, Bioinspired Science Innovation Center, Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou 311115, People’s Republic of China
Lu Zhou
State Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Interfacial Materials Science, Bioinspired Science Innovation Center, Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou 311115, People’s Republic of China
Juntao Wu
State Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Interfacial Materials Science, Bioinspired Science Innovation Center, Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou 311115, People’s Republic of China
Martin C. Koo
State Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Interfacial Materials Science, Bioinspired Science Innovation Center, Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou 311115, People’s Republic of China
Zongxin Wu
School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic of China
Yun‑Tian Chen
State Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Interfacial Materials Science, Bioinspired Science Innovation Center, Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou 311115, People’s Republic of China
Guang‑Sheng Wang
State Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Interfacial Materials Science, Bioinspired Science Innovation Center, Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou 311115, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Guang‑Sheng Wang

wanggsh@buaa.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 18 (2026), Article Number: 204

Abstract

The advancement of next-generation high-frequency communication systems and stealth detection technologies necessitate the development of efficient, multi-spectrum compatible shielding materials. However, the achievement of simultaneous high efficiency and low reflectivity across microwave, terahertz, and infrared spectra remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a carbonized MXene/polyimide (C-MXene/PI) aerogel material integrating a spatially coupled hierarchically anisotropic structure with stepwise conductivity gradients was constructed. Electromagnetic waves propagate through the top-down vertical disordered horizontal architecture and progressive conductivity gradient of C-MXene/PI aerogel, undergoing stepwise absorption–dissipation–re-dissipation processes. The C-MXene/PI aerogel exhibits an average electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness of 91.0 dB in X-band and a reflection coefficient of 0.40. In the terahertz frequency band, the average EMI shielding performance reaches 66.2 dB with a reflection coefficient of 0.33. Furthermore, the heterolayered porous architecture of C-MXene/PI aerogels exhibits low thermal conductivity and reduced infrared emissivity, enabling exceptional infrared stealth capability across the 2–16 μm wavelength spectrum. This study provides an feasible strategy for constructing low-reflectivity multi-spectrum compatible shielding materials.


Highlights:
1 A carbonized MXene/polyimide (C-MXene/PI) aerogel with hierarchically anisotropic and gradient electrical conductivity structures was constructed via a stepwise freezing strategy.
2 The C-MXene/PI aerogel shows a high EMI shielding effectiveness of 91.0 dB with a low reflection coefficient of 0.40 in the X-band, alongside a high shielding of 66.2 dB with an excellent low reflection of 0.33 in the THz band.
3 The C-MXene/PI aerogel exhibits low thermal conductivity and reduced infrared emissivity, enabling exceptional infrared stealth capability across the 2–16 μm wavelength spectrum.

Keywords

Heterolayered Electromagnetic interference shielding Multi-spectrum Low reflection High efficiency
Zhang, Shan, Chen‑Ming Liang, Lu Zhou, Juntao Wu, Martin C. Koo, Zongxin Wu, Yun‑Tian Chen, and Guang‑Sheng Wang. 2026. “Heterolayered Carbonized MXene/Polyimide Aerogel for Low-Reflection Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Multi-Spectrum Compatible Protection”. Nano-Micro Letters 18 (January):204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-02027-1.
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