Issue

Vol. 18 (2026)

Mid-Infrared Transparent Materials: from Mechanisms to Cutting-Edge Applications

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-026-02113-y
Hanyuan Zhang
State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People’s Republic of China
Zhenhui Huang
State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People’s Republic of China
Changyuan Chen
Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR 999077, People’s Republic of China
Yi Long
Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR 999077, People’s Republic of China
Weilin Xu
State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People’s Republic of China
Zhengui Zhou
Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR 999077, People’s Republic of China
Jun Wan
State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Jun Wan

wanj@wtu.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 18 (2026), Article Number: 260

Abstract

The mid-infrared (MIR) spectral window, typically spanning wavelengths from 2.5 to 20 μm (or wave numbers 500–4000 cm−1), constitutes a pivotal domain of the electromagnetic spectrum, where molecular vibrational and rotational transitions enable precise spectroscopic identification and tunable thermal radiation modulation. Mastery over this spectral range underpins a broad and growing suite of technologies, encompassing high-resolution MIR imaging and spectroscopic gas sensing, advanced thermal management via radiative cooling/heating and dynamic emissivity control, integrated photonic platforms featuring low-loss optical windows and waveguides, as well as MIR laser systems that leverage broadband transparency for efficient frequency conversion and beam delivery. High MIR transmittance (TMIR) is therefore essential for driving MIR photonic innovations, enabling efficient photon transmission, modulation, and targeted heat control. Yet, the fundamental interplay among material structure, photonic/electronic behavior, and MIR optical performance remains underexplored. This review comprehensively evaluates high TMIR materials, with an emphasis on their optical mechanisms, structural attributes, synthesis routes, and performance benchmarks. By elucidating structure–property relationships and offering design strategies for MIR transparency, this review provides a roadmap for developing high-performance MIR transparent materials for advanced thermal management, infrared optics, and next-generation photonic systems.


Highlights:
1 Establishes a structure–property–function paradigm linking band structure, phonons, and architecture to mid-infrared (MIR) transmittance.
2 Provides a rigorous taxonomy spanning intrinsic and engineered materials with clarified transparency mechanisms.
3 Derives design rules enabling low-loss MIR transport for advanced thermal and photonic systems.

Keywords

Mid-infrared transparent materials Imaging and sensing Laser systems Thermal management Optical applications
Zhang, Hanyuan, Zhenhui Huang, Changyuan Chen, Yi Long, Weilin Xu, Zhengui Zhou, and Jun Wan. 2026. “Mid-Infrared Transparent Materials: From Mechanisms to Cutting-Edge Applications”. Nano-Micro Letters 18 (February):260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-026-02113-y.
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