Issue

Vol. 14 (2022)

Carbon-Nitride-Based Materials for Advanced Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-022-00954-x
Wenhao Sun
State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
Zihao Song
State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
Zhenxing Feng
School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
Yaqin Huang
State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
Zhichuan J. Xu
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
Yi‑Chun Lu
Electrochemical Energy and Interfaces Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077, People’s Republic of China
Qingli Zou
State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Qingli Zou

zouql@buct.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 14 (2022), Article Number: 222

Abstract

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems owing to their high energy density and low cost. However, critical challenges including severe shuttling of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and sluggish redox kinetics limit the practical application of Li–S batteries. Carbon nitrides (CxNy), represented by graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), provide new opportunities for overcoming these challenges. With a graphene-like structure and high pyridinic-N content, g-C3N4 can effectively immobilize LiPSs and enhance the redox kinetics of S species. In addition, its structure and properties including electronic conductivity and catalytic activity can be regulated by simple methods that facilitate its application in Li–S batteries. Here, the recent progress of applying CxNy-based materials including the optimized g-C3N4, g-C3N4-based composites, and other novel CxNy materials is systematically reviewed in Li–S batteries, with a focus on the structure–activity relationship. The limitations of existing CxNy-based materials are identified, and the perspectives on the rational design of advanced CxNy-based materials are provided for high-performance Li–S batteries.


Highlights:


1 The recent advances in CxNy-based materials including the optimized g-C3N4, g-C3N4-based composites, and other novel CxNy materials are summarized.
2 The applications of CxNy-based materials in Li–S batteries are systematically discussed with a focus on the structure–activity relationship.
3 The perspectives on the rational design of advanced CxNy-based materials for high-performance Li–S batteries are provided.

Keywords

Lithium–sulfur batteries Carbon nitride Polysulfide conversion Shuttle effect Anode protection
Sun, Wenhao, Zihao Song, Zhenxing Feng, Yaqin Huang, Zhichuan J. Xu, Yi‑Chun Lu, and Qingli Zou. 2022. “Carbon-Nitride-Based Materials for Advanced Lithium–Sulfur Batteries”. Nano-Micro Letters 14 (November):222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-022-00954-x.
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