Issue

Vol. 17 (2025)

Absorption–Reflection–Transmission Power Coefficient Guiding Gradient Distribution of Magnetic MXene in Layered Composites for Electromagnetic Wave Absorption

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01675-7
Yang Zhou
State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
Wen Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
Dong Pan
State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
Zhaoyang Li
State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
Bing Zhou
State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
Ming Huang
State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
Liwei Mi
State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
Chuntai Liu
State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
Yuezhan Feng
State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
Changyu Shen
State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Yuezhan Feng

yzfeng@zzu.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 17 (2025), Article Number: 147

Abstract

The morphological distribution of absorbent in composites is equally important with absorbents for the overall electromagnetic properties, but it is often ignored. Herein, a comprehensive consideration including electromagnetic component regulation, layered arrangement structure, and gradient concentration distribution was used to optimize impedance matching and enhance electromagnetic loss. On the microscale, the incorporation of magnetic Ni nanoparticles into MXene nanosheets (Ni@MXene) endows suitable intrinsic permittivity and permeability. On the macroscale, the layered arrangement of Ni@MXene increases the effective interaction area with electromagnetic waves, inducing multiple reflection/scattering effects. On this basis, according to the analysis of absorption, reflection, and transmission (A–R–T) power coefficients of layered composites, the gradient concentration distribution was constructed to realize the impedance matching at low-concentration surface layer, electromagnetic loss at middle concentration interlayer and microwave reflection at high-concentration bottom layer. Consequently, the layered gradient composite (LG5-10–15) achieves complete absorption coverage of X-band at thickness of 2.00–2.20 mm with RLmin of −68.67 dB at 9.85 GHz in 2.05 mm, which is 199.0%, 12.6%, and 50.6% higher than non-layered, layered and layered descending gradient composites, respectively. Therefore, this work confirms the importance of layered gradient structure in improving absorption performance and broadens the design of high-performance microwave absorption materials.


Highlights:
1 The layered arrangement and gradient distribution of magnetic MXene are firstly combined to improve the electromagnetic wave (EMW) RLmin and broaden effective absorption bandwidth.
2 Absorption, reflection, and transmission (A–R–T) power coefficient analysis is firstly used to guide the gradient distribution, so as to realize EMW incidence at low-concentration surface, loss at middle concentration interlayer and reflection at high-concentration bottom.
3 The layered gradient composite (LG5-10-15) achieves complete absorption coverage of X-band at thickness of 2.00-2.20 mm with RLmin of -68.67 dB.

Keywords

Magnetic MXene Layered and gradient structure Power coefficient Electromagnetic wave absorption
Zhou, Yang, Wen Zhang, Dong Pan, Zhaoyang Li, Bing Zhou, Ming Huang, Liwei Mi, Chuntai Liu, Yuezhan Feng, and Changyu Shen. 2025. “Absorption–Reflection–Transmission Power Coefficient Guiding Gradient Distribution of Magnetic MXene in Layered Composites for Electromagnetic Wave Absorption”. Nano-Micro Letters 17 (February):147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01675-7.
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