Issue

Vol. 17 (2025)

Bioinspired Electrolyte-Gated Organic Synaptic Transistors: From Fundamental Requirements to Applications

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01708-1
Yuanying Liang
Guangdong Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510335, People’s Republic of China
Hangyu Li
Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics IBI‑3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
Hu Tang
Guangzhou Liby Group Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510370, People’s Republic of China
Chunyang Zhang
Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, People’s Republic of China
Dong Men
Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, People’s Republic of China
Dirk Mayer
Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics IBI‑3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany

Corresponding Author: Dirk Mayer

dirk.mayer@fz-juelich.de

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 17 (2025), Article Number: 198

Abstract

Rapid development of artificial intelligence requires the implementation of hardware systems with bioinspired parallel information processing and presentation and energy efficiency. Electrolyte-gated organic transistors (EGOTs) offer significant advantages as neuromorphic devices due to their ultra-low operation voltages, minimal hardwired connectivity, and similar operation environment as electrophysiology. Meanwhile, ionic–electronic coupling and the relatively low elastic moduli of organic channel materials make EGOTs suitable for interfacing with biology. This review presents an overview of the device architectures based on organic electrochemical transistors and organic field-effect transistors. Furthermore, we review the requirements of low energy consumption and tunable synaptic plasticity of EGOTs in emulating biological synapses and how they are affected by the organic materials, electrolyte, architecture, and operation mechanism. In addition, we summarize the basic operation principle of biological sensory systems and the recent progress of EGOTs as a building block in artificial systems. Finally, the current challenges and future development of the organic neuromorphic devices are discussed.


Highlights:
1 Neuromorphic device with bioinspired parallel information processing and presentation and energy efficiency is desired for the rapid development of artificial intelligence.
2 Electrolyte-gated organic transistors can be leveraged to emulate versatile synaptic functions with tunable properties and excellent biocompatibility.
3 Recent development regarding the organic channel materials, neuromorphic device handling neurochemical signals, the basic requirements to achieve artificial synapse, and the applications on mimicking perception functions are reviewed.

Keywords

Neuromorphic device Tunable synaptic plasticity Electrolyte-gated organic transistors Neurochemical signals Artificial perception systems
Liang, Yuanying, Hangyu Li, Hu Tang, Chunyang Zhang, Dong Men, and Dirk Mayer. 2025. “Bioinspired Electrolyte-Gated Organic Synaptic Transistors: From Fundamental Requirements to Applications”. Nano-Micro Letters 17 (March):198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01708-1.
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