Issue

Vol. 18 (2026)

Emerging Chemical and Biological Materials Technologies in the Extraplanetary Environment

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01979-8
Qingyao Jiang
College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310000, People’s Republic of China
Bin Wang
State Key Laboratory of Green Biomanufacturing, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
Yifan Cheng
State Key Laboratory of Green Biomanufacturing, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
Yiming Wang
State Key Laboratory of Green Biomanufacturing, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
Hongxin Zhao
College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310000, People’s Republic of China
Yuan Lu
State Key Laboratory of Green Biomanufacturing, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Yuan Lu

yuanlu@tsinghua.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 18 (2026), Article Number: 151

Abstract

Space exploration and manufacturing are of critical importance for scientific advancement, technological innovation, national security, and the acquisition of extraterrestrial resources. In view of this, chemical and biological nano-/micro-/meso-scale manufacturing provide complementary approaches to overcome key space exploration challenges by enabling the in-situ production of essential life-support materials, propellants, and other resources. This review examines the origin and historical evolution of space manufacturing and the latest advances across different environments—from orbital space stations and the lunar surface to Mars and asteroids. It is structured to present the current state of research, outline key manufacturing strategies and technologies, assess the technical and environmental challenges, and discuss emerging trends and future directions. Besides, the potential applications of emerging technologies such as synthetic biology and artificial intelligence in overcoming the limitations of microgravity, limited resources, and extreme conditions are discussed. Ultimately, this integrative review could serve to guide future development, from advancing space science and disruptive manufacturing to enabling interdisciplinary and application-level innovations.


Highlights:
1 The exploration and multiscale manufacturing in outer space hold vital significance
2 Chemical and biological nano/micro/meso-scale manufacturing offer strategies to address challenges
3 Emerging advances encompass novel manufacturing technologies and resource utilization strategies across orbital space stations, the Moon, Mars, and asteroids
4 Emerging technologies like synthetic biology and artificial intelligence are discussed
5 Key innovations, cross-disciplinary applications, and limitations are highlighted

Keywords

In-space manufacturing Biomanufacturing Chemical manufacturing Long-term space mission In-situ resource utilization
Jiang, Qingyao, Bin Wang, Yifan Cheng, Yiming Wang, Hongxin Zhao, and Yuan Lu. 2026. “Emerging Chemical and Biological Materials Technologies in the Extraplanetary Environment”. Nano-Micro Letters 18 (January):151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01979-8.
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