Issue

Vol. 10 No. 3 (2018)

Computational Study of Ternary Devices: Stable, Low-Cost, and Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-018-0205-5
Sajid Sajid
State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power, System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China
Ahmed Mourtada Elseman
Electronic and Magnetic Materials Department, Advanced Materials Division, Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), P.O. Box 87, Helwan, Cairo 11421, Egypt
Jun Ji
State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power, System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China
Shangyi Dou
State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power, System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China
Dong Wei
State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power, System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China
Hao Huang
State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power, System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China
Peng Cui
State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power, System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China
Wenkang Xi
State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power, System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China
Lihua Chu
State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power, System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China
Yingfeng Li
State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power, System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China
Bing Jiang
State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power, System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China
Meicheng Li
State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power, System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Meicheng Li

mcli@ncepu.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 10 No. 3 (2018), Article Number: 51

Abstract

Although perovskite solar cells with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) more than 22% have been realized with expensive organic charge-transporting materials, their stability and high cost remain to be addressed. In this work, the perovskite configuration of MAPbX (MA = CH3NH3, X = I3, Br3, or I2Br) integrated with stable and low-cost Cu:NiO x hole-transporting material, ZnO electron-transporting material, and Al counter electrode was modeled as a planar PSC and studied theoretically. A solar cell simulation program (wxAMPS), which served as an update of the popular solar cell simulation tool (AMPS: Analysis of Microelectronic and Photonic Structures), was used. The study yielded a detailed understanding of the role of each component in the solar cell and its effect on the photovoltaic parameters as a whole. The bandgap of active materials and operating temperature of the modeled solar cell were shown to influence the solar cell performance in a significant way. Further, the simulation results reveal a strong dependence of photovoltaic parameters on the thickness and defect density of the light-absorbing layers. Under moderate simulation conditions, the MAPbBr3 and MAPbI2Br cells recorded the highest PCEs of 20.58 and 19.08%, respectively, while MAPbI3 cell gave a value of 16.14%.


Highlights:


1 Simulation study of perovskite solar cells with p–i–n structure in the configuration Cu:NiOx /MAPbX/ZnO/Al.
2 Solar cells with MAPbI2Br photoactive layers exhibit best conversion efficiency and show promise of high thermal stability.
3 Simulation results provide a better understanding of the defect density and thickness of the active perovskite layer.

Keywords

Perovskite solar cells Copper-doped nickel oxide Zinc oxide Simulation
Sajid, Sajid, Ahmed Mourtada Elseman, Jun Ji, Shangyi Dou, Dong Wei, Hao Huang, Peng Cui, Wenkang Xi, Lihua Chu, Yingfeng Li, Bing Jiang, and Meicheng Li. 2018. “Computational Study of Ternary Devices: Stable, Low-Cost, and Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells”. Nano-Micro Letters 10 (3):51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-018-0205-5.
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
References
  1. A. Kojima, K. Teshima, Y. Shirai, T. Miyasaka, Organometal halide perovskites as visible-light sensitizers for photovoltaic cells. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131(17), 6050–6051 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja809598r
  2. D. Song, P. Cui, T. Wang, D. Wei, M. Li et al., Managing carrier lifetime and doping property of lead halide perovskite by postannealing processes for highly efficient perovskite solar cells. J. Phys. Chem. C 119(40), 22812–22819 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b06859
  3. H.S. Kim, C.R. Lee, J.H. Im, K.B. Lee, T. Moehl et al., Lead iodide perovskite sensitized all-solid-state submicron thin film mesoscopic solar cell with efficiency exceeding 9%. Sci. Rep. 2, 591 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep00591
  4. M.M. Lee, J. Teuscher, T. Miyasaka, T.N. Murakami, H.J. Snaith, Efficient hybrid solar cells based on meso-superstructured organometal halide perovskites. Science 338(6107), 643–647 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1228604
  5. J. Burschka, N. Pellet, S.J. Moon, R. Humphry-Baker, P. Gao, M.K. Nazeeruddin, M. Gratzel, Sequential deposition as a route to high-performance perovskite-sensitized solar cells. Nature 499(7458), 316–319 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12340
  6. M. Liu, M.B. Johnston, H.J. Snaith, Efficient planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells by vapour deposition. Nature 501(7467), 395–398 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12509
  7. N.J. Jeon, J.H. Noh, Y.C. Kim, W.S. Yang, S. Ryu, S.I. Seok, Solvent engineering for high-performance inorganic–organic hybrid perovskite solar cells. Nat. Mater. 13(9), 897–903 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4014
  8. N.J. Jeon, J.H. Noh, W.S. Yang, Y.C. Kim, S. Ryu, J. Seo, S.I. Seok, Compositional engineering of perovskite materials for high-performance solar cells. Nature 517(7535), 476–480 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14133
  9. W.S. Yang, J.H. Noh, N.J. Jeon, Y.C. Kim, S. Ryu, J. Seo, S.I. Seok, High-performance photovoltaic perovskite layers fabricated through intramolecular exchange. Science 348(6240), 1234–1237 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa9272
  10. M.A. Green, K. Emery, Y. Hishikawa, W. Warta, E.D. Dunlop, Solar cell efficiency tables (version 46). Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. 23, 805–812 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.2637
  11. F. Zhang, B. Yang, X. Mao, R. Yang, L. Jiang et al., Perovskite CH3NH3PbI3−xBr x single crystals with charge-carrier lifetimes exceeding 260 μs. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9(17), 14827–14832 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b01696
  12. D.P. McMeekin, G. Sadoughi, W. Rehman, G.E. Eperon, M. Saliba et al., A mixed-cation lead mixed-halide perovskite absorber for tandem solar cells. Science 351(6269), 151–155 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad5845
  13. N. Pellet, P. Gao, G. Gregori, T.Y. Yang, M.K. Nazeeruddin, J. Maier, M. Gratzel, Mixed-organic-cation perovskite photovoltaics for enhanced solar-light harvesting. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 53(12), 3151–3157 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201309361
  14. A.M. Elseman, A.E. Shalan, M.M. Rashad, A.M. Hassan, Experimental and simulation study for impact of different halides on the performance of planar perovskite solar cells. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 66, 176–185 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2017.04.022
  15. Z. Zhang, X. Yue, D. Wei, M. Li, P. Fu, B. Xie, D. Song, Y. Li, DMSO-based PbI2 precursor with PbCl2 additive for highly efficient perovskite solar cells fabricated at low temperature. RSC Adv. 5(127), 104606–104611 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA25160E
  16. J.A. Christians, R.C.M. Fung, P.V. Kamat, An inorganic hole conductor for organo-lead halide perovskite solar cells. Improved hole conductivity with copper iodide. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136(2), 758–764 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja411014k
  17. J. You, L. Meng, T.B. Song, T.F. Guo, Y.M. Yang et al., Improved air stability of perovskite solar cells via solution-processed metal oxide transport layers. Nat. Nanotechnol. 11(1), 75–81 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.230
  18. D. Wei, J. Ji, D. Song, M. Li, P. Cui et al., A TiO2 embedded structure for perovskite solar cells with anomalous grain growth and effective electron extraction. J. Mater. Chem. A 5(4), 1406–1414 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TA10418E
  19. S. Seo, I.J. Park, M. Kim, S. Lee, C. Bae, H.S. Jung, N.G. Park, J.Y. Kim, H. Shin, An ultra-thin, un-doped NiO hole transporting layer of highly efficient (16.4%) organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells. Nanoscale 8(22), 11403–11412 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1039/C6NR01601D
  20. L. Hu, J. Peng, W. Wang, Z. Xia, J. Yuan et al., Sequential deposition of CH3NH3PbI3 on planar NiO film for efficient planar perovskite solar cells. ACS Photonics 1(7), 547–553 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/ph5000067
  21. H.-T. Lien, D.P. Wong, N.-H. Tsao, C.-I. Huang, C. Su, K.-H. Chen, L.-C. Chen, Effect of copper oxide oxidation state on the polymer-based solar cell buffer layers. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6(24), 22445–22450 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/am5064469
  22. X. Du, Y. Wang, Z.G. Xia, H. Zhou, Perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 heterojunction solar cells via ultrasonic spray deposition. Appl. Mech. Mater. 748, 39–43 (2015). https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.748.39
  23. M.-K. Son, L. Steier, M. Schreier, M.T. Mayer, J. Luo, M. Grätzel, A copper nickel mixed oxide hole selective layer for Au-free transparent cuprous oxide photocathodes. Energy Environ. Sci. 10(4), 912–918 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/C6EE03613A
  24. Sajid, A.M. Elseman, J. Ji, S. Dou, H. Huang, P. Cui, D. Wei, M. Li, Novel hole transport layer of nickel oxide composite with carbon for high-performance perovskite solar cells. Chin. Phys. B 27(1), 017305 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/27/1/017305
  25. J.W. Jung, C.-C. Chueh, A.K.Y. Jen, A low-temperature, solution-processable, Cu-doped nickel oxide hole-transporting layer via the combustion method for high-performance thin-film perovskite solar cells. Adv. Mater. 27(47), 7874–7880 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201503298
  26. S. Yue, K. Liu, R. Xu, M. Li, M. Azam et al., Efficacious engineering on charge extraction for realizing highly efficient perovskite solar cells. Energy Environ. Sci. 10(12), 2570–2578 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/C7EE02685D
  27. J.H. Kim, P.W. Liang, S.T. Williams, N. Cho, C.C. Chueh, M.S. Glaz, D.S. Ginger, A.K. Jen, High-performance and environmentally stable planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells based on a solution-processed copper-doped nickel oxide hole-transporting layer. Adv. Mater. 27(4), 695–701 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201404189
  28. D. Liu, T.L. Kelly, Perovskite solar cells with a planar heterojunction structure prepared using room-temperature solution processing techniques. Nat. Photonics 8(2), 133–138 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2013.342
  29. G.E. Eperon, V.M. Burlakov, P. Docampo, A. Goriely, H.J. Snaith, Morphological control for high performance, solution-processed planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells. Adv. Funct. Mater. 24(1), 151–157 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201302090
  30. F. Liu, J. Zhu, J. Wei, Y. Li, M. Lv, S. Yang, B. Zhang, J. Yao, S. Dai, Numerical simulation: toward the design of high-efficiency planar perovskite solar cells. Appl. Phys. Lett. 104(25), 253508 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4885367
  31. K. Sato, S. Kim, S. Komuro, X. Zhao, Characteristics of Cu-doped amorphous NiO thin films formed by RF magnetron sputtering. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 55(6S1), 06GJ10 (2016). https://doi.org/10.7567/JJAP.55.06GJ10
  32. N. Hernández-Como, A. Morales-Acevedo, Simulation of hetero-junction silicon solar cells with AMPS-1D. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 94(1), 62–67 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2009.05.021
  33. I. Vurgaftman, J.R. Meyer, L.R. Ram-Mohan, Band parameters for III–V compound semiconductors and their alloys. J. Appl. Phys. 89(11), 5815–5875 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1368156
  34. N.K. Noel, S.D. Stranks, A. Abate, C. Wehrenfennig, S. Guarnera et al., Lead-free organic–inorganic tin halide perovskites for photovoltaic applications. Energy Environ. Sci. 7(9), 3061–3068 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/C4EE01076K
  35. C. Wehrenfennig, M. Liu, H.J. Snaith, M.B. Johnston, L.M. Herz, Charge-carrier dynamics in vapour-deposited films of the organolead halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3−xCl x . Energy Environ. Sci. 7(7), 2269–2275 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/C4EE01358A
  36. Y. Wang, Y. Liu, H. Zhou, Z. Xia, Simulation of perovskite solar cells with inorganic hole transporting materials, in 2015 IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2015.7355717
  37. Y. Wang, Z. Xia, Y. Liu, H. Zhou, Uniform perovskite photovoltaic thin films via ultrasonic spray assisted deposition method, in 2015 IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2015.7355719
  38. J. Cuiffi, T. Benanti, W.J. Nam, S. Fonash, Modeling of bulk and bilayer organic heterojunction solar cells. Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(14), 143307 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3383232
  39. T. Wang, J. Chen, G. Wu, M. Li, Optimal design of efficient hole transporting layer free planar perovskite solar cell. Sci. Chin. Mater. 59(9), 703–709 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-016-5108-4
  40. K.W. Kemp, A.J. Labelle, S.M. Thon, A.H. Ip, I.J. Kramer, S. Hoogland, E.H. Sargent, Interface recombination in depleted heterojunction photovoltaics based on colloidal quantum dots. Adv. Energy Mater. 3(7), 917–922 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201201083
  41. T. Wang, J. Chen, G. Wu, D. Song, M. Li, Designing novel thin film polycrystalline solar cells for high efficiency: sandwich CIGS and heterojunction perovskite. J. Semicond. 38(1), 014005 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/38/1/014005
  42. P. Liao, X. Zhao, G. Li, Y. Shen, M. Wang, A new method for fitting current–voltage curves of planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells. Nano-Micro Lett. 10(1), 5 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-017-0159-z
  43. A.E. Shalan, A. Mourtada Elseman, M. Rasly, M.M. Moharam, M. Lira-Cantu, M.M. Rashad, Concordantly fabricated heterojunction ZnO–TiO2 nanocomposite electrodes via a co-precipitation method for efficient stable quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells. RSC Adv. 5(125), 103095–103104 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ra21822e
  44. D. Song, D. Wei, P. Cui, M. Li, Z. Duan et al., Dual function interfacial layer for highly efficient and stable lead halide perovskite solar cells. J. Mater. Chem. A 4(16), 6091–6097 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TA00577B
  45. H.S. Kim, I. Mora-Sero, V. Gonzalez-Pedro, F. Fabregat-Santiago, E.J. Juarez-Perez, N.G. Park, J. Bisquert, Mechanism of carrier accumulation in perovskite thin-absorber solar cells. Nat. Commun. 4, 2242 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3242
  46. M.-C. Kim, B.J. Kim, D.-Y. Son, N.-G. Park, H.S. Jung, M. Choi, Observation of enhanced hole extraction in Br concentration gradient perovskite materials. Nano Lett. 16(9), 5756–5763 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02473
  47. A.A. Boussettine, Y. Belhadji, A. Benmansour, Modeling of tandem solar cell a-Si/a-SiGe using AMPS-1D program. Energy Proc. 18, 693–700 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.05.084
  48. J. He, H. Windstorm, A. Hagfeldt, S.-E. Lindquist, Dye-sensitized nanostructured tandem cell-first demonstrated cell with a dye-sensitized photocathode. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 62(3), 265–273 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-0248(99)00168-3
  49. S. Ryu, J.H. Noh, N.J. Jeon, Y.C. Kim, W.S. Yang, J. Seo, S.I. Seok, Voltage output of efficient perovskite solar cells with high open-circuit voltage and fill factor. Energy Environ. Sci. 7(8), 2614–2618 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/C4EE00762J
  50. B. Suarez, V. Gonzalez-Pedro, T.S. Ripolles, R.S. Sanchez, L. Otero, I. Mora-Sero, Recombination study of combined halides (Cl, Br, I) perovskite solar cells. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 5(10), 1628–1635 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/jz5006797
  51. C. Wehrenfennig, G.E. Eperon, M.B. Johnston, H.J. Snaith, L.M. Herz, High charge carrier mobilities and lifetimes in organolead trihalide perovskites. Adv. Mater. 26(10), 1584–1589 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201305172
  52. D. Bi, L. Yang, G. Boschloo, A. Hagfeldt, E.M. Johansson, Effect of different hole transport materials on recombination in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite-sensitized mesoscopic solar cells. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 4(9), 1532–1536 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1021/jz400638x
  53. W. Chen, Y. Wu, Y. Yue, J. Liu, W. Zhang et al., Efficient and stable large-area perovskite solar cells with inorganic charge extraction layers. Science 350(6263), 944–948 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad1015
  54. W. Chen, F.Z. Liu, X.Y. Feng, A.B. Djurišić, W.K. Chan, Z.B. He, Cesium doped NiO x as an efficient hole extraction layer for inverted planar perovskite solar cells. Adv. Energy Mater. 7(19), 1700722 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201700722
  55. J.H. Noh, S.H. Im, J.H. Heo, T.N. Mandal, S.I. Seok, Chemical management for colorful, efficient, and stable inorganic–organic hybrid nanostructured solar cells. Nano Lett. 13(4), 1764–1769 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1021/nl400349b
  56. E. Edri, S. Kirmayer, D. Cahen, G. Hodes, High open-circuit voltage solar cells based on organic–inorganic lead bromide perovskite. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 4(6), 897–902 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1021/jz400348q
  57. W.-J. Yin, T. Shi, Y. Yan, Unusual defect physics in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cell absorber. Appl. Phys. Lett. 104(6), 063903 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4864778
  58. P. Cui, P. Fu, D. Wei, M. Li, D. Song et al., Reduced surface defects of organometallic perovskite by thermal annealing for highly efficient perovskite solar cells. RSC Adv. 5(92), 75622–75629 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA16669A
  59. T.C. Sum, N. Mathews, Advancements in perovskite solar cells: photophysics behind the photovoltaics. Energy Environ. Sci. 7(8), 2518–2534 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/C4EE00673A
  60. D. Liu, M.K. Gangishetty, T.L. Kelly, Effect of CH3NH3PbI3 thickness on device efficiency in planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells. J. Mater. Chem. A 2(46), 19873–19881 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/C4TA02637C
  61. W.A. Laban, L. Etgar, Depleted hole conductor-free lead halide iodide heterojunction solar cells. Energy Environ. Sci. 6(11), 3249–3253 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ee42282h
  62. G. Xing, N. Mathews, S. Sun, S.S. Lim, Y.M. Lam, M. Grätzel, S. Mhaisalkar, T.C. Sum, Long-range balanced electron- and hole-transport lengths in organic-inorganic CH3NH3PbI3. Science 342(6156), 344–347 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1243167
  63. P. Cui, D. Wei, J. Ji, D. Song, Y. Li et al., Highly efficient electron-selective layer free perovskite solar cells by constructing effective p–n-heterojunction. Solar RRL 1(2), 1600027 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.201600027
  64. D. Song, J. Ji, Y. Li, G. Li, M. Li et al., Degradation of organometallic perovskite solar cells induced by trap states. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108(9), 093901 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4943019
  65. H. Luo, X. Lin, X. Hou, L. Pan, S. Huang, X. Chen, Efficient and air-stable planar perovskite solar cells formed on graphene-oxide-modified PEDOT:PSS hole transport layer. Nano-Micro Lett. 9(4), 39 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-017-0140-x
  66. L. Etgar, P. Gao, Z. Xue, Q. Peng, A.K. Chandiran, B. Liu, M.K. Nazeeruddin, M. Grätzel, Mesoscopic CH3NH3PbI3/TiO2 heterojunction solar cells. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134(42), 17396–17399 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja307789s
  67. C. Zhang, Y. Luo, X. Chen, Y. Chen, Z. Sun, S. Huang, Effective improvement of the photovoltaic performance of carbon-based perovskite solar cells by additional solvents. Nano-Micro Lett. 8(4), 347–357 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-016-0094-4
  68. S.R. Raga, E.M. Barea, F. Fabregat-Santiago, Analysis of the origin of open circuit voltage in dye solar cells. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 3(12), 1629–1634 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1021/jz3005464
  69. B. Shin, O. Gunawan, Y. Zhu, N.A. Bojarczuk, S.J. Chey, S. Guha, Thin film solar cell with 8.4% power conversion efficiency using an earth abundant Cu2ZnSnS4 absorber. Prog. Photovolt. 21(1), 72–76 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.1174
  70. Y. Hou, W. Chen, D. Baran, T. Stubhan, N.A. Luechinger et al., Overcoming the interface losses in planar heterojunction perovskite-based solar cells. Adv. Mater. 28(25), 5112–5120 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201504168
  71. Z. Liu, B. Sun, X. Liu, J. Han, H. Ye, T. Shi, Z. Tang, G. Liao, Efficient carbon-based CsPbBr3 inorganic perovskite solar cells by using Cu-phthalocyanine as hole transport material. Nano-Micro Lett. 10(2), 34 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-018-0187-3
  72. Z. Zhang, D. Wei, B. Xie, X. Yue, M. Li, D. Song, Y. Li, High reproducibility of perovskite solar cells via a complete spin-coating sequential solution deposition process. Sol. Energy 122, 97–103 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2015.08.028
  73. Z. Zhang, M. Li, W. Liu, X. Yue, P. Cui, D. Wei, CH3NH3PbI3 converted from reactive magnetron sputtered PbO for large area perovskite solar cells. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 163, 250–254 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2017.01.034
  74. S. Albrecht, M. Saliba, J.-P. Correa-Baena, K. Jäger, L. Korte, A. Hagfeldt, M. Grätzel, B. Rech, Towards optical optimization of planar monolithic perovskite/silicon-heterojunction tandem solar cells. J. Opt. 18(6), 064012 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1088/2040-8978/18/6/064012
  75. A.M. Elseman, A.E. Shalan, S. Sajid, M.M. Rashad, A.M. Hassan, M. Li, Copper substituted lead perovskites materials constructed with different halides for working (CH3NH3)2CuX4 based perovskite solar cells from experimental and theoretical view. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 10(14), 11699–11707 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b00495
Read More
Author biographies are not available.
Download this PDF file
PDF SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL
Statistic
Read Counter : 6358 Download : 4828

Most read articles by the same author(s)