Issue

Vol. 15 (2023)

Defect Engineering of Disordered Carbon Anodes with Ultra-High Heteroatom Doping Through a Supermolecule-Mediated Strategy for Potassium-Ion Hybrid Capacitors

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-022-01006-0
Lei Zhao
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
Shirong Sun
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
Jinxin Lin
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
Lei Zhong
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
Liheng Chen
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
Jing Guo
Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province, School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, People’s Republic of China
Jian Yin
Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955‑6900, Saudi Arabia
Husam N. Alshareef
Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955‑6900, Saudi Arabia
Xueqing Qiu
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
Wenli Zhang
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Wenli Zhang

wlzhang@gdut.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 15 (2023), Article Number: 41

Abstract

Amorphous carbons are promising anodes for high-rate potassium-ion batteries. Most low-temperature annealed amorphous carbons display unsatisfactory capacities. Heteroatom-induced defect engineering of amorphous carbons could enhance their reversible capacities. Nevertheless, most lignocellulose biomasses lack heteroatoms, making it a challenge to design highly heteroatom-doped carbons (> 10 at%). Herein, we report a new preparation strategy for amorphous carbon anodes. Nitrogen/sulfur co-doped lignin-derived porous carbons (NSLPC) with ultra-high nitrogen doping levels (21.6 at% of N and 0.8 at% of S) from renewable lignin biomacromolecule precursors were prepared through a supramolecule-mediated pyrolysis strategy. This supermolecule/lignin composite decomposes forming a covalently bonded graphitic carbon/amorphous carbon intermediate product, which induces the formation of high heteroatom doping in the obtained NSLPC. This unique pyrolysis chemistry and high heteroatom doping of NSLPC enable abundant defective active sites for the adsorption of K+ and improved kinetics. The NSLPC anode delivered a high reversible capacity of 419 mAh g‒1 and superior cycling stability (capacity retention of 96.6% at 1 A g‒1 for 1000 cycles). Potassium-ion hybrid capacitors assembled by NSLPC anode exhibited excellent cycling stability (91% capacity retention for 2000 cycles) and a high energy density of 71 Wh kg–1 at a power density of 92 W kg–1.


Highlights:


1 The N/S co-doped lignin-derived porous carbon (NSLPCs) with ultra-high heteroatom doping was prepared through a novel supramolecule-mediated pyrolysis strategy.
2 Covalently bonded graphitic carbon/amorphous carbon intermediates induce the formation of high heteroatom doping.
3 The high heteroatom doping of NSLPC could provide abundant defective active sites for the adsorption of K+.

Keywords

Defect Heteroatom Active sites Supramolecule Potassium-ion hybrid capacitors
Zhao, Lei, Shirong Sun, Jinxin Lin, Lei Zhong, Liheng Chen, Jing Guo, Jian Yin, Husam N. Alshareef, Xueqing Qiu, and Wenli Zhang. 2023. “Defect Engineering of Disordered Carbon Anodes With Ultra-High Heteroatom Doping Through a Supermolecule-Mediated Strategy for Potassium-Ion Hybrid Capacitors”. Nano-Micro Letters 15 (January):41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-022-01006-0.
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