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Vol. 17 (2025)

Comprehensive Chlorine Suppression: Advances in Materials and System Technologies for Direct Seawater Electrolysis

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01653-z
Cenkai Zhao
State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, People’s Republic of China
Zheyuan Ding
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
Kunye Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, People’s Republic of China
Ziting Du
State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, People’s Republic of China
Haiqiu Fang
State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, People’s Republic of China
Ling Chen
Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
Hao Jiang
Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
Min Wang
State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, People’s Republic of China
Mingbo Wu
State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Mingbo Wu

wumb@upc.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 17 (2025), Article Number: 113

Abstract

Seawater electrolysis offers a promising pathway to generate green hydrogen, which is crucial for the net-zero emission targets. Indirect seawater electrolysis is severely limited by high energy demands and system complexity, while the direct seawater electrolysis bypasses pre-treatment, offering a simpler and more cost-effective solution. However, the chlorine evolution reaction and impurities in the seawater lead to severe corrosion and hinder electrolysis’s efficiency. Herein, we review recent advances in the rational design of chlorine-suppressive catalysts and integrated electrolysis systems architectures for chloride-induced corrosion, with simultaneous enhancement of Faradaic efficiency and reduction of electrolysis’s cost. Furthermore, promising directions are proposed for durable and efficient seawater electrolysis systems. This review provides perspectives for seawater electrolysis toward sustainable energy conversion and environmental protection.


Highlights:
1 Rational design of chlorine-suppressing catalysts based on mechanistic insights.
2 Overview of recent advances in cutting-edge seawater electrolysis systems.
3 Discussion of challenges and potential directions for direct seawater electrolysis enhancement.

Keywords

Direct seawater electrolysis Oxygen evolution reaction Hydrogen evolution reaction Chlorine suppression Seawater electrolysis system
Zhao, Cenkai, Zheyuan Ding, Kunye Zhang, Ziting Du, Haiqiu Fang, Ling Chen, Hao Jiang, Min Wang, and Mingbo Wu. 2025. “Comprehensive Chlorine Suppression: Advances in Materials and System Technologies for Direct Seawater Electrolysis”. Nano-Micro Letters 17 (January):113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01653-z.
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