Issue

Vol. 17 (2025)

Highly Thermally Conductive and Flame-Retardant Waterborne Polyurethane Composites with 3D BNNS Bridging Structures via Magnetic Field Assistance

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01651-1
Hao Jiang
Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Saving in Phosphorus Chemical Engineering and New Phosphorus Materials, The International Joint Laboratory for Sustainable Polymers of Yunnan Province, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, People’s Republic of China
Yuhui Xie
Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Saving in Phosphorus Chemical Engineering and New Phosphorus Materials, The International Joint Laboratory for Sustainable Polymers of Yunnan Province, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, People’s Republic of China
Mukun He
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, People’s Republic of China
Jindao Li
Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Saving in Phosphorus Chemical Engineering and New Phosphorus Materials, The International Joint Laboratory for Sustainable Polymers of Yunnan Province, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, People’s Republic of China
Feng Wu
Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Saving in Phosphorus Chemical Engineering and New Phosphorus Materials, The International Joint Laboratory for Sustainable Polymers of Yunnan Province, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, People’s Republic of China
Hua Guo
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, People’s Republic of China
Yongqiang Guo
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, People’s Republic of China
Delong Xie
Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Saving in Phosphorus Chemical Engineering and New Phosphorus Materials, The International Joint Laboratory for Sustainable Polymers of Yunnan Province, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, People’s Republic of China
Yi Mei
Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Saving in Phosphorus Chemical Engineering and New Phosphorus Materials, The International Joint Laboratory for Sustainable Polymers of Yunnan Province, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, People’s Republic of China
Junwei Gu
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Junwei Gu

gjw@nwpu.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 17 (2025), Article Number: 138

Abstract

The microstructure design for thermal conduction pathways in polymeric electrical encapsulation materials is essential to meet the stringent requirements for efficient thermal management and thermal runaway safety in modern electronic devices. Hence, a composite with three-dimensional network (Ho/U-BNNS/WPU) is developed by simultaneously incorporating magnetically modified boron nitride nanosheets (M@BNNS) and non-magnetic organo-grafted BNNS (U-BNNS) into waterborne polyurethane (WPU) to synchronous molding under a horizontal magnetic field. The results indicate that the continuous in-plane pathways formed by M@BNNS aligned along the magnetic field direction, combined with the bridging structure established by U-BNNS, enable Ho/U-BNNS/WPU to exhibit exceptional in-plane (λ//) and through-plane thermal conductivities (λ⊥). In particular, with the addition of 30 wt% M@BNNS and 5 wt% U-BNNS, the λ// and λ⊥ of composites reach 11.47 and 2.88 W m−1 K−1, respectively, which representing a 194.2% improvement in λ⊥ compared to the composites with a single orientation of M@BNNS. Meanwhile, Ho/U-BNNS/WPU exhibits distinguished thermal management capabilities as thermal interface materials for LED and chips. The composites also demonstrate excellent flame retardancy, with a peak heat release and total heat release reduced by 58.9% and 36.9%, respectively, compared to WPU. Thus, this work offers new insights into the thermally conductive structural design and efficient flame-retardant systems of polymer composites, presenting broad application potential in electronic packaging fields.


Highlights:
1 By simultaneously incorporating the magnetic filler-modified boron nitride nanosheets (M@BNNS) and the non-magnetic filler U-BNNS into the polymer matrix, a three-dimensional heat conduction pathway composites are obtained under a horizontal magnetic field.
2 Owing to the microstructural design of the 3D-bridging architecture, with the addition of only 5 wt% U-BNNS, the λ⊥ of composites achieved 2.88 W m−1 K−1, representing a remarkable increase of 194.2% compared to single-oriented composites.
3 The 3D-bridging architecture composite also demonstrates excellent flame retardancy, attributed to the synergistic mechanisms of condensed and gas phases, effectively mitigating the risks of thermal runaway in electronic devices.

Keywords

Boron nitride nanosheets Magnetic response Structural design Thermal conductivity Flame retardancy
Jiang, Hao, Yuhui Xie, Mukun He, Jindao Li, Feng Wu, Hua Guo, Yongqiang Guo, Delong Xie, Yi Mei, and Junwei Gu. 2025. “Highly Thermally Conductive and Flame-Retardant Waterborne Polyurethane Composites With 3D BNNS Bridging Structures via Magnetic Field Assistance”. Nano-Micro Letters 17 (February):138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01651-1.
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