Issue

Vol. 18 (2026)

Monolithic Perovskite/Perovskite/Silicon Triple-Junction Solar Cells: Fundamentals, Progress, and Prospects

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01836-8
Leiping Duan
School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
Xin Cui
Research Institute of Renewable Energy and Advanced Materials, Zijin Mining Group Co. Ltd, Xiamen 361101, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
Cheng Xu
Hiking PV Technology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518109, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
Zhong Chen
School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
Jianghui Zheng
School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Jianghui Zheng

jh.zheng@xmu.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 18 (2026), Article Number: 8

Abstract

Crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells, though dominating the photovoltaic market, are nearing their theoretical power conversion efficiencies (PCE) limit of 29.4%, necessitating the adoption of multi-junction technology to achieve higher performance. Among these, perovskite-on-silicon-based multi-junction solar cells have emerged as a promising alternative, where the perovskite offering tunable bandgaps, superior optoelectronic properties, and cost-effective manufacturing. Recent announced double-junction solar cells (PSDJSCs) have achieved the PCE of 34.85%, surpassing all other double-junction technologies. Encouragingly, the rapid advancements in PSDJSCs have spurred increased research interest in perovskite/perovskite/silicon triple-junction solar cells (PSTJSCs) in 2024. This triple-junction solar cell configuration demonstrates immense potential due to their optimum balance between achieving a high PCE limit and managing device complexity. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of PSTJSCs, covering fundamental principles, and technological milestones. Current challenges, including current mismatch, open-circuit voltage deficits, phase segregation, and stability issues, and their corresponding strategies are also discussed, alongside future directions to achieve long-term stability and high PCE. This work aims to advance the understanding of the development in PSTJSCs, paving the way for their practical implementation.


Highlights:
1 Perovskite/perovskite/silicon triple-junction solar cells (PSTJSCs) are emerging as a promising strategy to exceed the efficiency limits of traditional silicon solar cells.
2 This review systematically analyses the key principles, recent breakthroughs, and remaining challenges in PSTJSC development, including current mismatch, open-circuit voltage loss, phase segregation, and stability.
3 Strategies to address these issues and future directions toward achieving high efficiency and long-term operational stability are comprehensively discussed.

Keywords

Tandem solar cell Perovskite Triple-junciton solar cell Photovoltaic
Duan, Leiping, Xin Cui, Cheng Xu, Zhong Chen, and Jianghui Zheng. 2025. “Monolithic Perovskite/Perovskite/Silicon Triple-Junction Solar Cells: Fundamentals, Progress, and Prospects”. Nano-Micro Letters 18 (July):8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01836-8.
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