Issue

Vol. 18 (2026)

Graphene Aerogel-Based Flexible Pressure Sensor for Physiological Signal Detection and Human–Machine Interaction

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-026-02109-8
Zihan Wang
State Key Laboratory for Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human‑Robot Interaction, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People’s Republic of China
Zeshang Zhao
State Key Laboratory for Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human‑Robot Interaction, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People’s Republic of China
Qiyang Tu
State Key Laboratory for Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human‑Robot Interaction, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People’s Republic of China
Chengpeng Yao
State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People’s Republic of China
Zhao Liu
State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People’s Republic of China
Chengzhi Zhou
State Key Laboratory for Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human‑Robot Interaction, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People’s Republic of China
Luxiang Xu
State Key Laboratory for Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human‑Robot Interaction, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People’s Republic of China
Shijie Guo
State Key Laboratory for Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human‑Robot Interaction, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People’s Republic of China
Chuizhou Meng
Research Institute of Wearable Electronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People’s Republic of China
Gaofeng Shao
School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People’s Republic of China
Huanyu Cheng
Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
Li Yang
State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Li Yang

yangli5781@126.com

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 18 (2026), Article Number: 308

Abstract

Despite extensive development of flexible pressure sensors, it is still difficult for them to simultaneously achieve high precision and a large response to subtle pressures. To address these challenges, this work demonstrates a flexible pressure sensing platform that features the reduced graphene oxide aerogel sandwiched between a polydimethylsiloxane encapsulation layer and a thin polyimide film with interdigital electrodes. The resulting pressure sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 698.96 kPa−1 and a low limit of detection (~ 1 Pa), and outstanding stability over 20,000 loading/unloading cycles. Besides monitoring various physiological signals and human motions, the flexible pressure sensors can be configured into an array layout as a smart artificial electronic skin to recognize the spatial pressure distribution. The flexible pressure sensor can also be integrated with signal processing and wireless communication modules as a teleoperation system for gesture recognition, force feedback control, and kitchen food recognition, highlighting future potential toward smart robotics and human–machine interfaces.


Highlights:
1 Reduced graphene oxide aerogel (rGOA) was prepared via freeze-casting, featuring an ultra-light density (10 mg cm−3) and a unique anisotropic structure, which bring advantages to pressure sensing.
2 The rGOA-based pressure sensor exhibits a sensitivity as high as 698.96 kPa−1, a detection range as wide as 100 kPa, and a cyclic stability of over 20,000 cycles.
3 The integration of rGOA with manipulators enables teleoperation, stable grasping of fragile objects with force-feedback and 100% accuracy in food recognition.

Keywords

Piezoresistive pressure sensor Graphene aerogel Teleoperation Force feedback Intelligent object recognition
Wang, Zihan, Zeshang Zhao, Qiyang Tu, Chengpeng Yao, Zhao Liu, Chengzhi Zhou, Luxiang Xu, Shijie Guo, Chuizhou Meng, Gaofeng Shao, Huanyu Cheng, and Li Yang. 2026. “Graphene Aerogel-Based Flexible Pressure Sensor for Physiological Signal Detection and Human–Machine Interaction”. Nano-Micro Letters 18 (March):308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-026-02109-8.
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