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Vol. 15 (2023)

Biocatalytic Buoyancy-Driven Nanobots for Autonomous Cell Recognition and Enrichment

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01207-1
Ziyi Guo
School of Chemical Engineering, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Chenchen Zhuang
General Intensive Care Unit, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
Yihang Song
Medical College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
Joel Yong
School of Chemical Engineering, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Yi Li
School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
Zhong Guo
Medical College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
Biao Kong
Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
John M. Whitelock
Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Joseph Wang
Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
Kang Liang
School of Chemical Engineering, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia

Corresponding Author: Kang Liang

kang.liang@unsw.edu.au

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 15 (2023), Article Number: 236

Abstract

Autonomously self-propelled nanoswimmers represent the next-generation nano-devices for bio- and environmental technology. However, current nanoswimmers generate limited energy output and can only move in short distances and duration, thus are struggling to be applied in practical challenges, such as living cell transportation. Here, we describe the construction of biodegradable metal–organic framework based nanobots with chemically driven buoyancy to achieve highly efficient, long-distance, directional vertical motion to “find-and-fetch” target cells. Nanobots surface-functionalized with antibodies against the cell surface marker carcinoembryonic antigen are exploited to impart the nanobots with specific cell targeting capacity to recognize and separate cancer cells. We demonstrate that the self-propelled motility of the nanobots can sufficiently transport the recognized cells autonomously, and the separated cells can be easily collected with a customized glass column, and finally regain their full metabolic potential after the separation. The utilization of nanobots with easy synthetic pathway shows considerable promise in cell recognition, separation, and enrichment.


Highlights:
1 A self-propelled, biocatalytic buoyancy-driven metal–organic framework (MOF) nanobot is developed.
2 The anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibody functionalized MOF nanobot demonstrates directional vertical motion to “find-and-fetch” cancer cells from mixed cell population.
3 The captured cells can be recovered with full metabolic potential.

Keywords

Nanobots Surface functionalization Cell recognition Cell separation Metal–organic frameworks
Guo, Ziyi, Chenchen Zhuang, Yihang Song, Joel Yong, Yi Li, Zhong Guo, Biao Kong, John M. Whitelock, Joseph Wang, and Kang Liang. 2023. “Biocatalytic Buoyancy-Driven Nanobots for Autonomous Cell Recognition and Enrichment”. Nano-Micro Letters 15 (October):236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01207-1.
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