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Vol. 17 (2025)

Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules Enabled by Tailoring Additive Distribution According to the Film Growth Dynamics

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-024-01538-7
Mengen Ma
Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
Cuiling Zhang
Guangdong Mellow Energy Co., Limited, Yuanming Road, Zhuhai 519075, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
Yujiao Ma
Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
Weile Li
Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
Yao Wang
Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
Shaohang Wu
Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
Chong Liu
Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
Yaohua Mai
Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Chong Liu

chongliu@jnu.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 17 (2025), Article Number: 39

Abstract

Gas quenching and vacuum quenching process are widely applied to accelerate solvent volatilization to induce nucleation of perovskites in blade-coating method. In this work, we found these two pre-crystallization processes lead to different order of crystallization dynamics within the perovskite thin film, resulting in the differences of additive distribution. We then tailor-designed an additive molecule named 1,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)thiourea to obtain films with fewer defects and holes at the buried interface, and prepared perovskite solar cells with a certified efficiency of 23.75%. Furthermore, this work also demonstrates an efficiency of 20.18% for the large-area perovskite solar module (PSM) with an aperture area of 60.84 cm2. The PSM possesses remarkable continuous operation stability for maximum power point tracking of T90 > 1000 h in ambient air.


Highlights:
1 Two pre-crystallization processes of gas quenching and vacuum quenching lead to different order of crystallization dynamics within the perovskite thin film, resulting in the differences of additive distribution.
2 A tailor designed 1,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)thiourea was utilized to improve the buried interface, leading to a certified efficiency of 23.75% for blade-coated perovskite solar cell.
3 The perovskite solar module (aperture area: 60.84 cm2) demonstrates an efficiency of 20.18% with excellent operational stability (maximum power point tracking of T90 > 1000 h).

Keywords

Gas quenching Additive distribution Buried passivation Blade coating Crystallization dynamics
Ma, Mengen, Cuiling Zhang, Yujiao Ma, Weile Li, Yao Wang, Shaohang Wu, Chong Liu, and Yaohua Mai. 2024. “Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules Enabled by Tailoring Additive Distribution According to the Film Growth Dynamics”. Nano-Micro Letters 17 (October):39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-024-01538-7.
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