Issue

Vol. 17 (2025)

Strategies for Enhancing Energy-Level Matching in Perovskite Solar Cells: An Energy Flow Perspective

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01815-z
Xiaorong Shi
State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China
Kui Xu
State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China
Yiyue He
State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China
Zhaogang Peng
State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China
Xiangrui Meng
State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China
Fayi Wan
State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China
Yu Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China
Qingxun Guo
State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China
Yonghua Chen
State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Yonghua Chen

iamyhchen@njtech.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 17 (2025), Article Number: 313

Abstract

Metal halide perovskites, owing to their remarkable optoelectronic properties and broad application prospects, have emerged as a research hotspot in materials science and photovoltaics. In addressing challenges related to energy loss, photoelectric conversion efficiency, and operational stability in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), various strategies have been proposed, such as improving perovskite crystallization, developing tandem architectures, and advancing interfacial engineering. However, the specific impact of these approaches on internal energy transfer and conversion mechanisms within PSCs remains insufficiently understood. This review systematically examines the relationship between energy and perovskite materials throughout the photon absorption to charge carrier transport process, with particular focus on key strategies for minimizing energy losses and their underlying influence on energy-level alignment-especially in the electron transport layer and hole transport layer. It summarizes optimal absorption conditions and contributing factors during energy transfer, alongside representative case studies of high-performing systems. By elucidating these mechanisms, this work offers valuable theoretical insights for optimizing energy-level alignment, reducing energy dissipation, and guiding experimental design in PSCs research.


Highlights:
1 Energy transfer is systematically reviewed as a guiding principle for current materials and optimization strategies in perovskite solar cells.
2 Characteristic mechanisms are identified to classify energy-level optimization strategies into two categories.
3 Performance-enhancement strategies for perovskite solar cells are analyzed from a quantum-level perspective.

Keywords

Perovskite Energy loss Energy-level alignment Energy transfer Charge carrier dynamics HTMs ETMs
Shi, Xiaorong, Kui Xu, Yiyue He, Zhaogang Peng, Xiangrui Meng, Fayi Wan, Yu Zhang, Qingxun Guo, and Yonghua Chen. 2025. “Strategies for Enhancing Energy-Level Matching in Perovskite Solar Cells: An Energy Flow Perspective”. Nano-Micro Letters 17 (June):313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01815-z.
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