Issue

Vol. 9 No. 1 (2017)

Novel Hybrid Nanoparticles of Vanadium Nitride/Porous Carbon as an Anode Material for Symmetrical Supercapacitor

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-016-0105-5
Yunlong Yang
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, People’s Republic of China
Kuiwen Shen
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, People’s Republic of China
Ying Liu
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, People’s Republic of China
Yongtao Tan
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, People’s Republic of China
Xiaoning Zhao
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, People’s Republic of China
Jiayu Wu
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, People’s Republic of China
Xiaoqin Niu
Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz 95064, CA, USA
Fen Ran
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Fen Ran

ranfen@163.com

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 9 No. 1 (2017), Article Number: 6

Abstract

Hybrid materials of vanadium nitride and porous carbon nanoparticles (VN/PCNPs) were fabricated by a facile pyrolysis process of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) xerogel and melamine at relatively low temperature of 800 °C for supercapacitor application. The effects of the feed ratio of V2O5 to melamine (r), and nitrogen flow rate on the microstructure and electrochemical performance were also investigated. It was found that the size of the as-synthesized nanoparticles is about 20 nm. Both r value and N2 flow rate have enormous impacts on morphology and microstructure of the nanoparticle, which correspondingly determined the electrochemical performance of the material. The VN/C hybrid nanoparticles exhibited high capacitive properties, and a maximum specific capacitance of 255.0 F g−1 was achieved at a current density of 1.0 A g−1 in 2 M KOH aqueous electrolyte and the potential range from 0 to −1.15 V. In addition, symmetrical supercapacitor fabricated with the as-synthesized VN/PCNPs presents a high specific capacitance of 43.5 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 based on the entire cell, and an energy density of 8.0 Wh kg−1 when the power density was 575 W kg−1. Even when the power density increased to 2831.5 W kg−1, the energy density still remained 6.1 Wh kg−1.

Keywords

Supercapacitors Nanoparticle Vanadium nitride Porous carbon Hybrid materials
Yang, Yunlong, Kuiwen Shen, Ying Liu, Yongtao Tan, Xiaoning Zhao, Jiayu Wu, Xiaoqin Niu, and Fen Ran. 2016. “Novel Hybrid Nanoparticles of Vanadium Nitride/Porous Carbon As an Anode Material for Symmetrical Supercapacitor”. Nano-Micro Letters 9 (1):6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-016-0105-5.
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
References
  1. R.M. Dell, D.A.J. Rand, Energy storage—a key technology for global energy sustainability. J. Power Sources 100(1–2), 2–17 (2001). doi:10.1016/S0378-7753(01)00894-1
  2. X. Lu, T. Liu, T. Zhai, G. Wang, M. Yu, S. Xie, Y. Ling, Y. Tong, Improving the cycling stability of metal-nitride supercapacitor electrodes with a thin carbon shell. Adv. Energy Mater. 4(4), 168–175 (2014). doi:10.1002/aenm.201300994
  3. P. Simon, Y. Gogotsi, Materials for electrochemical capacitors. Nat. Mater. 7(11), 845–854 (2008). doi:10.1038/nmat2297
  4. L.F. Chen, X.D. Zhang, H.W. Liang, M. Kong, Q.F. Guan, Synthesis of nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanofibers as an efficient electrode material for supercapacitors. ACS Nano 6(8), 7092–7102 (2012). doi:10.1021/nn302147s
  5. F. Bonaccorso, L. Colombo, G. Yu, M. Stoller, V. Tozzini, Graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems for energy conversion and storage. Science 347(6217), 1246501 (2015). doi:10.1126/science.1246501
  6. M.S. Balogun, W. Qiu, J. Jian, Y. Huang, Y. Luo, X.H. Lu, Vanadium nitride nanowire supported SnS2 nanosheets with high reversible capacity as anode material for lithium ion batteries. ACS Appl. Mater. Inter. 7(41), 23205–23215 (2015). doi:10.1021/acsami.5b07044
  7. J.R. Miller, P. Simon, Electrochemical capacitors for energy management. Science 321(5889), 651–652 (2008). doi:10.1126/science.1158736
  8. F. Su, C.K. Poh, J.S. Chen, G. Xu, D. Wang, X.W. Lou, Nitrogen-containing microporous carbon nanospheres with improved capacitive properties. Energ. Environ. Sci. 4(3), 717–724 (2011). doi:10.1039/C0EE00277A
  9. Y. Zhai, Y. Dou, D. Zhao, P.F. Fulvio, R.T. Mayes, S. Dai, Carbon materials for chemical capacitive energy storage. Adv. Mater. 23(42), 4828–4850 (2011). doi:10.1002/adma.201100984
  10. I.E. Rauda, V. Augustyn, B. Dunn, S.H. Tolbert, Enhancing pseudocapacitive charge storage in polymer template mesoporous materials. Acc. Chem. Res. 46(5), 1113–1124 (2013). doi:10.1021/ar300167h
  11. A. Burke, Ultracapacitors: why, how, and where is the technology. J. Power Sources 91(1), 37–50 (2000). doi:10.1016/S0378-7753(00)00485-7
  12. Y. Gogotsi, P. Simon, True performance metrics in electrochemical energy storage. Science 334(6058), 917–918 (2011). doi:10.1126/science.1213003
  13. V. Augustyn, P. Simon, B. Dunn, Pseudocapacitive oxide materials for high-rate electrochemical energy storage. Energ. Environ. Sci. 7(5), 1597–1614 (2014). doi:10.1039/c3ee44164d
  14. A.S. Arico, P. Bruce, B. Scrosati, J. Tarascon, W.V. Schalkwijk, Nanostructured materials for advanced energy conversion and storage devices. Nat. Mater. 4(5), 366–377 (2005). doi:10.1038/nmat1368
  15. B.E. Conway, Electrochemical Supercapacitors (Kluwer Academic Plenum Press, New York, 1999). doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3058-6
  16. G. Wang, L. Zhang, J. Zhang, A review of electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors. Chem. Soc. Rev. 41(2), 797–828 (2012). doi:10.1039/C1CS15060J
  17. B.E. Conway, W.G. Pell, Double-layer and pseudocapacitance types of electrochemical capacitors and their applications to the development of hybrid devices. J. Solid State Electr. 7(9), 637–644 (2003). doi:10.1007/s10008-003-0395-7
  18. A.M. Glushenkov, D. Hulicova-Jurcakova, D. Llewellyn et al., Structure and capacitive properties of porous nanocrystalline VN prepared by temperature-programmed ammonia reduction of V2O5. Chem. Mater. 22(3), 914–921 (2009). doi:10.1021/cm901729x
  19. O. Bondarchuk, A. Morel, D. Bélanger, E. Goikolea, T. Brousse, Thin films of pure vanadium nitride: evidence for anomalous non-faradaic capacitance. J. Power Sources 324, 439–446 (2016). doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.05.093
  20. A. Morel, Y. Borjon-Piron, R.L. Porto, T. Brousse, D. Bélanger, Suitable conditions for the use of vanadium nitride as an electrode for electrochemical capacitor. J. Electrochem. Soc. 163(6), A1077–A1082 (2016). doi:10.1149/2.1221606jes
  21. Y. Zhong, X. Xia, F. Shi, J. Zhan, J. Tu, Transition metal carbides and nitrides in energy storage and conversion. Adv. Sci. 3(5), 201500286 (2016). doi:10.1002/advs.201500286
  22. D. Choi, P.N. Kumta, Chemically synthesized nanostructured VN for pseudocapacitor application. Electrochem. Solid State Lett. 8(8), A418–A422 (2005). doi:10.1149/1.1951201
  23. M.S. Balogun, W. Qiu, W. Wang, P. Fang, X. Lu, Recent advances in metal nitrides as high-performance electrode materials for energy storage devices. J. Mater. Chem. A 3(4), 1364–1387 (2015). doi:10.1039/C4TA05565A
  24. X. Zhou, H. Chen, D. Shu, C. He, J. Nan, Study on the electrochemical behavior of vanadium nitride as a promising supercapacitor material. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 70(2), 495–500 (2009). doi:10.1016/j.jpcs.2008.12.004
  25. C.M. Ghimbeu, E. Raymundo-Piñero, P. Fioux, F. Béguin, C. Vix-Guterl, Vanadium nitride/carbon nanotube nanocomposites as electrodes for supercapacitors. J. Mater. Chem. 21(35), 13268–13275 (2011). doi:10.1039/c1jm11014d
  26. F. Cheng, C. He, D. Shu, H. Chen, J. Zhang, Preparation of nanocrystalline VN by the melamine reduction of V2O5 xerogel and its supercapacitive behavior. Mater. Chem. Phys. 131(1), 268–273 (2011). doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2011.09.040
  27. D. Shu, C. Lv, F. Cheng, C. He, K. Yang, Enhanced capacitance and rate capability of nanocrystalline VN as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 8(1), 1209–1225 (2013)
  28. J. Lang, X. Yan, W. Liu, R. Wang, Q. Xue, Influence of nitric acid modification of ordered mesoporous carbon materials on their capacitive performances in different aqueous electrolytes. J. Power Sources 204(1), 220–229 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.12.044
  29. H. Fan, F. Ran, X. Zhang, H. Song, W. Jing, Easy fabrication and high electrochemical capacitive performance of hierarchical porous carbon by a method combining liquid–liquid phase separation and pyrolysis process. Electrochim. Acta 138(25), 367–375 (2014). doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2014.06.118
  30. W. Ai, J. Jiang, J. Zhu, Z. Fan, Y. Wang, Supramolecular polymerization promoted in situ fabrication of nitrogen-doped porous grapheme sheets as anode materials for Li-ion batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 5(15), 1500559 (2015). doi:10.1002/aenm.201500559
  31. Y. Han, X. Dong, C. Zhang, S. Liu, Hierarchical porous carbon hollow-spheres as a high performance electrical double-layer capacitor material. J. Power Sources 211, 92–96 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.03.053
  32. Z.C. Yang, C.H. Tang, H. Gong, X. Li, J. Wang, Hollow spheres of nanocarbon and their manganese dioxide hybrids derived from soft template for supercapacitor application. J. Power Sources 240(240), 713–720 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.05.034
  33. F. He, Z. Hu, K. Liu, S. Zhang, H. Liu, In situ fabrication of nickel aluminum-layered double hydroxide nanosheets/hollow carbon nanofibers composite as a novel electrode material for supercapacitors. J. Power Sources 267(4), 188–196 (2014). doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.05.084
  34. Y. Su, I. Zhitomirsky, Hybrid MnO2/carbon nanotube-VN/carbon nanotube supercapacitors. J. Power Sources 267, 235–242 (2014). doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.05.091
  35. E.F.D. Souza, C.A. Chagas, T.C. Ramalho, V.T.D. Silva, D.L.M. Aguiar, A combined experimental and theoretical study on the formation of crystalline vanadium nitride (VN) in low temperature through a fully solid-state synthesis route. J. Phys. Chem. C 117(48), 25659–25668 (2013). doi:10.1021/jp410885u
  36. B. Gao, X. Li, X. Guo, X. Zhang, X. Peng, Nitrogen-doped carbon encapsulated mesoporousvanadium nitride nanowires as self-supported electrodes for flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors. Adv. Mater. Interfaces 2(13), 1500211 (2015). doi:10.1002/admi.201500211
  37. X. Zhou, C. Shang, L. Gu, S. Dong, X. Chen, Mesoporous coaxial titanium nitride-vanadium nitride fibers of core–shell structures for high-performance supercapacitors. ACS Appl. Mater. Inter. 3(8), 3058–3063 (2011). doi:10.1021/am200564b
  38. Y.M. Shul’Ga, V.N. Troitskii, Study of the surface of finely divided titanium nitride by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Rev. Mex. Biodivers. 6(18), 681–684 (2006). doi:10.1007/BF00797433
  39. D. Choi, G.E. Blomgren, P.N. Kumta, Fast and reversible surface redox reaction in nanocrystalline vanadium nitride supercapacitors. Adv. Mater. 18(9), 1178–1182 (2006). doi:10.1002/adma.200502471
  40. H. Zhao, M. Lei, X. Chen, W. Tang, Facile route to metal nitrides through melamine and metal oxides. J. Mater. Chem. 16(45), 4407–4412 (2006). doi:10.1039/b611381h
  41. J. Buha, I. Djerdj, M. Antonietti, M. Niederberger, Thermal transformation of metal oxide nanoparticles into nanocrystalline metal nitrides using cyanamide and urea as nitrogen source. Chem. Mater. 19(14), 3499–3505 (2007). doi:10.1021/cm0701759
  42. Y. Wang, Z. Hong, M. Wei, Y. Xia, Layered H2Ti6O13-nanowires: a new promising pseudocapacitive material in non-aqueous electrolyte. Adv. Funct. Mater. 22(24), 5185–5193 (2012). doi:10.1002/adfm.201200766
  43. K. Shen, F. Ran, Y. Tan, X. Niu, H. Fan, Toward interconnected hierarchical porous structure via chemical depositing organic nano-polyaniline on inorganic carbon scaffold for supercapacitor. Synth. Met. 199, 205–213 (2015). doi:10.1016/j.synthmet.2014.11.034
  44. H. Fan, F. Ran, X. Zhang, H. Song, X. Niu, Hollow carbon microspheres/MnO2 nanosheets composites: hydrothermal synthesis and electrochemical behaviors. Nano-Micro Lett. 7(1), 59–67 (2015). doi:10.1007/s40820-014-0019-z
  45. R. Wang, J. Lang, P. Zhang, Z. Lin, X. Yan, Fast and large lithium storage in 3D porous VN nanowires–graphene composite as a superior anode toward high-performance hybrid supercapacitors. Adv. Funct. Mater. 25(15), 2270–2278 (2015). doi:10.1002/adfm.201404472
  46. L. Zhao, L.Z. Fan, M.Q. Zhou, H. Guan, S. Qiao, Nitrogen-containing hydrothermal carbons with superior performance in supercapacitors. Adv. Mater. 22(45), 5202–5206 (2010). doi:10.1002/adma.201002647
  47. X. Zhou, H. Chen, D. Shu, C. He, J. Nan, Study on the electrochemical behavior of vanadium nitride as a promising supercapacitor material. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 70(2), 495–500 (2009). doi:10.1016/j.jpcs.2008.12.004
  48. M.D. Stoller, S. Park, Y. Zhu, J. An, R.S. Ruoff, Graphene-based ultracapacitors. Nano Lett. 8(10), 3498–3502 (2008). doi:10.1021/nl802558y
  49. S. Boukhalfa, K. Evanoff, G. Yushin, Atomic layer deposition of vanadium oxide on carbon nanotubes for high-power supercapacitor electrodes. Energy Environ. Sci. 5(5), 6872–6879 (2012). doi:10.1039/c2ee21110f
  50. M.W. Xu, D.D. Zhao, S.J. Bao, H.L. Li, Mesoporous amorphous MnO2 as electrode material for supercapacitor. J. Solid State Electr. 11(8), 1101–1107 (2007). doi:10.1007/s10008-006-0246-4
  51. S.S. Zhang, K. Xu, T.R. Jow, Electrochemical impedance study on the low temperature of Li-ion batteries. Electrochim. Acta 49(7), 1057–1061 (2004). doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2003.10.016
  52. S. Cong, Y. Tian, Q. Li, Z. Zhao, F. Geng, Single-crystalline tungsten oxide quantum dots for fast pseudocapacitor and electrochromic applications. Adv. Mater. 26(25), 4260–4267 (2014). doi:10.1002/adma.201400447
  53. R. Wang, J. Lang, Y. Liu, Z. Lin, X. Yan, Ultra-small, size-controlled Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles: elucidating the relationship between particle size and electrochemical performance for advanced energy storage devices. NPG Asia Mater. 7(6), e183 (2015). doi:10.1038/am.2015.42
  54. Y. Xu, J. Wang, L. Shen, H. Dou, X. Zhang, One-dimensional vanadium nitride nanofibers fabricated by electrospinning for supercapacitors. Electrochim. Acta 173, 680–686 (2015). doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2015.05.088
  55. L. Wang, J. Sun, R. Song, S. Yang, H. Song, Hybrid 2D–0D graphene–VN quantum dots for superior lithium and sodium storage. Adv. Energy Mater. (2015). doi:10.1002/aenm.201502067
  56. C. Zhu, P. Yang, D. Chao, X. Wang, X. Zhang, All metal nitrides solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors. Adv. Mater. 27(31), 4566–4571 (2015). doi:10.1002/adma.201501838
  57. X. Lu, G. Wang, T. Zhai, M. Yu, S. Xie, Stabilized TiN nanowire arrays for high-performance and flexible supercapacitors. Nano Lett. 12(10), 5376–5381 (2012). doi:10.1021/nl302761z
  58. X. Lu, M. Yu, T. Zhai, G. Wang, S. Xie, High energy density asymmetric quasi-solid-state supercapacitor based on porous vanadium nitride nanowire anode. Nano Lett. 3(6), 2628–2633 (2013). doi:10.1021/nl400760a
  59. S. Zhang, N. Pan, Supercapacitors performance evaluation. Adv. Energy Mater. 5(6), 1401401 (2014). doi:10.1002/aenm.201401401
Read More
Author biographies are not available.
Download this PDF file
PDF SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL
Statistic
Read Counter : 5220 Download : 3962

Most read articles by the same author(s)