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Vol. 13 (2021)

Nanoplatforms for Sepsis Management: Rapid Detection/Warning, Pathogen Elimination and Restoring Immune Homeostasis

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-021-00598-3
Gan Luo
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People’s Republic of China
Jue Zhang
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People’s Republic of China
Yaqi Sun
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People’s Republic of China
Ya Wang
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People’s Republic of China
Hanbin Wang
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People’s Republic of China
Baoli Cheng
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People’s Republic of China
Qiang Shu
National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310052, People’s Republic of China
Xiangming Fang
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Xiangming Fang

xmfang@zju.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 13 (2021), Article Number: 88

Abstract

Sepsis, a highly life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by uncontrollable immune responses to infection, is a leading contributor to mortality in intensive care units. Sepsis-related deaths have been reported to account for 19.7% of all global deaths. However, no effective and specific therapeutic for clinical sepsis management is available due to the complex pathogenesis. Concurrently eliminating infections and restoring immune homeostasis are regarded as the core strategies to manage sepsis. Sophisticated nanoplatforms guided by supramolecular and medicinal chemistry, targeting infection and/or imbalanced immune responses, have emerged as potent tools to combat sepsis by supporting more accurate diagnosis and precision treatment. Nanoplatforms can overcome the barriers faced by clinical strategies, including delayed diagnosis, drug resistance and incapacity to manage immune disorders. Here, we present a comprehensive review highlighting the pathogenetic characteristics of sepsis and future therapeutic concepts, summarizing the progress of these well-designed nanoplatforms in sepsis management and discussing the ongoing challenges and perspectives regarding future potential therapies. Based on these state-of-the-art studies, this review will advance multidisciplinary collaboration and drive clinical translation to remedy sepsis.


Highlights:


1 This review highlights pathogenesis and clinical challenges of sepsis.
2 Advantages of different types of nanoplatforms are presented, and the rationality of nanoplatforms in sepsis management is analyzed.
3 Advances of nanoplatforms in diagnosis and therapy of sepsis are systematically summarized, and ongoing challenges and future perspectives are discussed.

Keywords

Sepsis Nanoplatform Detection Immune homeostasis
Luo, Gan, Jue Zhang, Yaqi Sun, Ya Wang, Hanbin Wang, Baoli Cheng, Qiang Shu, and Xiangming Fang. 2021. “Nanoplatforms for Sepsis Management: Rapid Detection/Warning, Pathogen Elimination and Restoring Immune Homeostasis”. Nano-Micro Letters 13 (March):88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-021-00598-3.
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