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Vol. 14 (2022)

Design of Flexible Films Based on Kinked Carbon Nanofibers for High Rate and Stable Potassium-Ion Storage

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-022-00791-y
Qiaotian Xiong
Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low‑Dimensional Structural Physics & Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, College of Semiconductors (College of Integrated Circuits), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
Hongcheng He
Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low‑Dimensional Structural Physics & Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, College of Semiconductors (College of Integrated Circuits), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
Ming Zhang
Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low‑Dimensional Structural Physics & Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, College of Semiconductors (College of Integrated Circuits), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Ming Zhang

zhangming@hnu.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 14 (2022), Article Number: 47

Abstract

With the emergence of wearable electronics, flexible energy storage materials have been extensively studied in recent years. However, most studies focus on improving the electrochemical properties, ignoring the flexible mechanism and structure design for flexible electrode materials with high rate capacities and long-time stability. In this study, porous, kinked, and entangled network structures are designed for highly flexible fiber films. Based on theoretical analysis and finite element simulation, the bending degree of the porous structure (30% porosity) increased by 192% at the micro-level. An appropriate increase in kinking degree at the meso-level and contact points in entanglement network at the macro-level are beneficial for the flexibility of fiber films. Therefore, a porous and entangled network of sulfur-/nitrogen-co-doped kinked carbon nanofibers (S/N-KCNFs) is synthesized. The nanofiber films synthesized from melamine as nitrogen sources and segmented vulcanization exhibited a porous, kinked, and entangled network structure, and the stretching degree increased several times. The flexible S/N-KCNFs anode delivered a higher rate performance of 270 mAh g−1 at a current density of 2000 mA g−1 and a higher capacity retention rate of 93.3% after 2000 cycles. Moreover, the foldable pouch cell assembled by potassium-ion hybrid supercapacitor operated safely at large-angle bending and showed long-time stability of 88% capacity retention after 4000 cycles. This study provides a new idea and strategy for the flexible structure design of high-performance potassium-ion storage materials.


Highlights:


1 Flexible films of kink porous carbon nanofibers are designed at the micro, meso and macro levels
2 The fiber-film anodes with porous, kinked, and entangled network structures exhibit high rate and stability for potassium-ion storage

Keywords

Flexible design Finite element simulation Sulfur-/nitrogen-Co-doped Anode Potassium-ion storage
Xiong, Qiaotian, Hongcheng He, and Ming Zhang. 2022. “Design of Flexible Films Based on Kinked Carbon Nanofibers for High Rate and Stable Potassium-Ion Storage”. Nano-Micro Letters 14 (January):47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-022-00791-y.
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