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Vol. 14 (2022)

Heterogeneous FASnI3 Absorber with Enhanced Electric Field for High-Performance Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-022-00842-4
Tianhao Wu
State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
Xiao Liu
Special Division of Environmental and Energy Science, Komaba Organization for Educational Excellence (KOMEX), College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153‑8902, Japan
Xinhui Luo
State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
Hiroshi Segawa
Special Division of Environmental and Energy Science, Komaba Organization for Educational Excellence (KOMEX), College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153‑8902, Japan
Guoqing Tong
Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), 1919‑1 Tancha, Onna‑son, Kunigami‑gun, Okinawa 904‑0495, Japan
Yiqiang Zhang
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
Luis K. Ono
Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), 1919‑1 Tancha, Onna‑son, Kunigami‑gun, Okinawa 904‑0495, Japan
Yabing Qi
Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), 1919‑1 Tancha, Onna‑son, Kunigami‑gun, Okinawa 904‑0495, Japan
Liyuan Han
State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Liyuan Han

han.liyuan@sjtu.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 14 (2022), Article Number: 99

Abstract

Lead-free tin perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have undergone rapid development in recent years and are regarded as a promising eco-friendly photovoltaic technology. However, a strategy to suppress charge recombination via a built-in electric field inside a tin perovskite crystal is still lacking. In the present study, a formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI3) perovskite absorber with a vertical Sn2+ gradient was fabricated using a Lewis base-assisted recrystallization method to enhance the built-in electric field and minimize the bulk recombination loss inside the tin perovskites. Depth-dependent X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the Fermi level upshifts with an increase in Sn2+ content from the bottom to the top in this heterogeneous FASnI3 film, which generates an additional electric field to prevent the trapping of photo-induced electrons and holes. Consequently, the Sn2+-gradient FASnI3 absorber exhibits a promising efficiency of 13.82% for inverted tin PSCs with an open-circuit voltage increase of 130 mV, and the optimized cell maintains over 13% efficiency after continuous operation under 1-sun illumination for 1,000 h.


Highlights:


1 A novel strategy to further improve the efficiency of lead-free tin perovskite solar cells by carefully controlling the built-in electric field in the absorber is described.
2 A promising efficiency of 13.82% was obtained based on the formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI3) perovskite solar cells with a vertical Sn2+ gradient and an enhanced electric field.
3 The solar cell with a heterogeneous FASnI3 absorber is ultrastable, maintaining over 13% efficiency after operation under 1-sun illumination for 1,000 h in air.

Keywords

Gradient FASnI3 absorber Built-in electric field Bulk charge recombination Lead-free perovskite solar cell
Wu, Tianhao, Xiao Liu, Xinhui Luo, Hiroshi Segawa, Guoqing Tong, Yiqiang Zhang, Luis K. Ono, Yabing Qi, and Liyuan Han. 2022. “Heterogeneous FASnI3 Absorber With Enhanced Electric Field for High-Performance Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells”. Nano-Micro Letters 14 (April):99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-022-00842-4.
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