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Vol. 17 (2025)

Multiscale Biomimetic Evaporators Based on Liquid Metal/Polyacrylonitrile Composite Fibers for Highly Efficient Solar Steam Generation

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01661-z
Yuxuan Sun
School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
Dan Liu
School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
Fei Zhang
School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
Xiaobo Gao
School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
Jie Xue
School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
Qingbin Zheng
School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Qingbin Zheng

zhengqingbin@cuhk.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 17 (2025), Article Number: 129

Abstract

Solar steam generation (SSG) offers a cost-effective solution for producing clean water by utilizing solar energy. However, integrating effective thermal management and water transportation to develop high-efficiency solar evaporators remains a significant challenge. Here, inspired by the hierarchical structure of the stem of bird of paradise, a three-dimensional multiscale liquid metal/polyacrylonitrile (LM/PAN) evaporator is fabricated by assembling LM/PAN fibers. The strong localized surface plasmon resonance of LM particles and porous structure of LM/PAN fibers with interconnected channels lead to efficient light absorption up to 90.9%. Consequently, the multiscale biomimetic LM/PAN evaporator achieves an outstanding water evaporation rate of 2.66 kg m−2 h−1 with a solar energy efficiency of 96.5% under one sun irradiation and an exceptional water rate of 2.58 kg m−2 h−1 in brine. Additionally, the LM/PAN evaporator demonstrates a superior purification performance for seawater, with the concentration of Na+, Mg2+, K+ and Ca2+ in real seawater dramatically decreased by three orders to less than 7 mg L−1 after desalination under light irradiation. The multiscale LM/PAN evaporator with hierarchical structure regulates the water transportation as well as thermal management for highly effective solar-driven evaporation, providing valuable insight into the structural design principles for advanced SSG systems.


Highlights:
1 A three-dimensional multiscale liquid metal/polyacrylonitrile evaporator is fabricated through wet spinning and assembly.
2 The evaporator exhibits an outstanding water evaporation rate of 2.66 kg m−2 h−1 with a solar energy efficiency of 96.5% under one sun irradiation.
3 The evaporator demonstrates a superior purification performance for seawater and sewage under light irradiation.

Keywords

Liquid metal Polyacrylonitrile Composite fibers Solar steam generation Seawater desalination
Sun, Yuxuan, Dan Liu, Fei Zhang, Xiaobo Gao, Jie Xue, and Qingbin Zheng. 2025. “Multiscale Biomimetic Evaporators Based on Liquid Metal/Polyacrylonitrile Composite Fibers for Highly Efficient Solar Steam Generation”. Nano-Micro Letters 17 (February):129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01661-z.
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