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Vol. 17 (2025)

An Engineered Heterostructured Trinity Enables Fire-Safe, Thermally Conductive Polymer Nanocomposite Films with Low Dielectric Loss

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01681-9
Qiang Chen
Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development On Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People’s Republic of China
Jiabing Feng
College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, People’s Republic of China
Yijiao Xue
Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Nanjing 210042, People’s Republic of China
Siqi Huo
Centre for Future Materials, School of Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield 4300, Australia
Toan Dinh
Centre for Future Materials, School of Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield 4300, Australia
Hang Xu
Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development On Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People’s Republic of China
Yongqian Shi
College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, People’s Republic of China
Jiefeng Gao
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, People’s Republic of China
Long‑Cheng Tang
Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of MoE, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, People’s Republic of China
Guobo Huang
School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, People’s Republic of China
Weiwei Lei
School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
Pingan Song
Centre for Future Materials, School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield 4300, Australia

Corresponding Author: Pingan Song

pingansong@gmail.com

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 17 (2025), Article Number: 168

Abstract

To adapt to the trend of increasing miniaturization and high integration of microelectronic equipments, there is a high demand for multifunctional thermally conductive (TC) polymeric films combining excellent flame retardancy and low dielectric constant (ε). To date, there have been few successes that achieve such a performance portfolio in polymer films due to their different and even mutually exclusive governing mechanisms. Herein, we propose a trinity strategy for creating a rationally engineered heterostructure nanoadditive (FG@CuP@ZTC) by in situ self-assembly immobilization of copper-phenyl phosphonate (CuP) and zinc-3, 5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole complex (ZTC) onto the fluorinated graphene (FG) surface. Benefiting from the synergistic effects of FG, CuP, and ZTC and the bionic lay-by-lay (LBL) strategy, the as-fabricated waterborne polyurethane (WPU) nanocomposite film with 30 wt% FG@CuP@ZTC exhibits a 55.6% improvement in limiting oxygen index (LOI), 66.0% and 40.5% reductions in peak heat release rate and total heat release, respectively, and 93.3% increase in tensile strength relative to pure WPU film due to the synergistic effects between FG, CuP, and ZTC. Moreover, the WPU nanocomposite film presents a high thermal conductivity (λ) of 12.7 W m−1 K−1 and a low ε of 2.92 at 106 Hz. This work provides a commercially viable rational design strategy to develop high-performance multifunctional polymer nanocomposite films, which hold great potential as advanced polymeric thermal dissipators for high-power-density microelectronics.


Highlights:
1 The as-fabricated waterborne polyurethane (WPU) nanocomposite film exhibits a 55.6% improvement in limiting oxygen index, 66.0% and 40.5% reductions in peak heat release rate and total heat release, respectively, and 93.3% increase in tensile strength relative to pure WPU film.
2 The resultant WPU nanocomposite film presents a high thermal conductivity (λ) of 12.7 W m−1 K−1 and a low dielectric constant (ε) of 2.92 at 106 Hz.

Keywords

Bionic strategy Fluorinated graphene Flame retardancy Thermal conductivity Dielectric constant
Chen, Qiang, Jiabing Feng, Yijiao Xue, Siqi Huo, Toan Dinh, Hang Xu, Yongqian Shi, Jiefeng Gao, Long‑Cheng Tang, Guobo Huang, Weiwei Lei, and Pingan Song. 2025. “An Engineered Heterostructured Trinity Enables Fire-Safe, Thermally Conductive Polymer Nanocomposite Films With Low Dielectric Loss”. Nano-Micro Letters 17 (February):168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01681-9.
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