Issue

Vol. 17 (2025)

Electrochemical Solid-State Electrolyte Reactors: Configurations, Applications, and Future Prospects

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01824-y
Weisong Li
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, People’s Republic of China
Yanjie Zhai
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, People’s Republic of China
Shanhe Gong
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, People’s Republic of China
Yingying Zhou
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, People’s Republic of China
Qing Xia
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, People’s Republic of China
Jie Wu
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, People’s Republic of China
Xiao Zhang
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Xiao Zhang

xiao1.zhang@polyu.edu.hk

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 17 (2025), Article Number: 306

Abstract

The advancement of clean electricity is positioning electrochemical reactors at the forefront of future electrosynthesis technologies. Solid-state electrolyte (SSE) reactors emerge for their distinctive configurations and ability to produce high-purity fuels and chemicals efficiently without additional purification steps. This marks a substantial development in electrochemical synthesis. In this perspective, we critically examine cutting-edge innovations in SSE devices with particular emphasis on the architectural introduction of core cell components, novel electrochemical cell configurations, and assembly methodologies. The use of SSE reactors is presently undergoing a pivotal transition from fundamental laboratory investigations to large-scale engineering implementations, demonstrating remarkable progress in multiple domains: (1) sustainable synthesis of high-value organic acids (formic and acetic acids), (2) production of critical oxidizers hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and liquid fuels (ethanol), (3) ammonia (NH3) production, (4) carbon capture technologies, (5) lithium recovery and recycling, and (6) tandem or coupling strategies for high-value-added products. Importantly, the transformative potential in environmental remediation, particularly for airborne pollutant sequestration and advanced wastewater purification, is addressed. Additionally, the innovative architectural blueprints for next-generation SSE stack are presented, aiming to establish a comprehensive framework to guide the transition from laboratory-scale innovation to industrial-scale deployment of SSE devices in the foreseeable future.


Highlights:
1 Solid-state electrolyte reactors are elucidated in terms of their distinctive electrochemical architecture to facilitate the efficient direct synthesis of fuels and chemicals without the need for traditional purification steps.
2 The core components, variable configurations, and distinct electrochemical reaction mechanisms of different chambers are systematically summarized.
3 Potential future application scenarios and advanced cell stack designs are pointed out.

Keywords

Solid-state electrolyte reactors Electrolyzer design and optimization Electrochemical synthesis Electrochemical carbon capture
Li, Weisong, Yanjie Zhai, Shanhe Gong, Yingying Zhou, Qing Xia, Jie Wu, and Xiao Zhang. 2025. “Electrochemical Solid-State Electrolyte Reactors: Configurations, Applications, and Future Prospects”. Nano-Micro Letters 17 (June):306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01824-y.
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