Materials–Structure–Hardware–Algorithm Co-Driven Hierarchical Optimization for Flexible Sensors
Corresponding Author: Shuye Zhang
Nano-Micro Letters,
Vol. 19 (2027), Article Number: 30
Abstract
Flexible electronics represent a paradigm shift in modern electronics, with flexible sensors serving as pivotal components in these systems. Despite significant advances driven by innovations in materials, structures, hardware, and algorithms, conventional design approaches that focus on optimizing individual hierarchies have inherent performance trade-offs, limiting further development. This review contends that future performance enhancements can no longer rely solely on breakthroughs in separate components. Still, it must adopt a new co-design paradigm spanning the “materials–structure–hardware–algorithm” hierarchy. In this review, we systematically organized the research landscape and representative advances across these four key hierarchies, analyzed the importance and recent breakthroughs in hierarchical synergy, and established a forward-looking theoretical framework to foster innovation and development in the field of flexible sensing.
Highlights:
1 A novel co-design paradigm is proposed. A holistic co-design paradigm of “materials–structure–hardware–algorithm” is proposed here to overcome the performance trade-offs of traditional fragmented sensors.
2 A systematic research framework is established based on the fundamental composition of flexible sensors. The interrelations within this dynamic field are clarified by structuring the review on the core hierarchies of materials, structure, hardware, and algorithms.
3 The research landscape across the field’s core components is systematically organized. The review provides a comprehensive overview of representative advances at the material, structural, hardware, and algorithmic hierarchies, and outlines future challenges and directions for next-generation flexible sensors.
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