Controlled Growth of Large-Area Aligned Single-Crystalline Organic Nanoribbon Arrays for Transistors and Light-Emitting Diodes Driving
Corresponding Author: Jiansheng Jie
Nano-Micro Letters,
Vol. 9 No. 4 (2017), Article Number: 52
Abstract
Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on organic micro-/nanocrystals have been widely reported with charge carrier mobility exceeding 1.0 cm2 V−1 s−1, demonstrating great potential for high-performance, low-cost organic electronic applications. However, fabrication of large-area organic micro-/nanocrystal arrays with consistent crystal growth direction has posed a significant technical challenge. Here, we describe a solution-processed dip-coating technique to grow large-area, aligned 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl) anthracene (BPEA) and 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS-PEN) single-crystalline nanoribbon arrays. The method is scalable to a 5 × 10 cm2 wafer substrate, with around 60% of the wafer surface covered by aligned crystals. The quality of crystals can be easily controlled by tuning the dip-coating speed. Furthermore, OFETs based on well-aligned BPEA and TIPS-PEN single-crystalline nanoribbons were constructed. By optimizing channel lengths and using appropriate metallic electrodes, the BPEA and TIPS-PEN-based OFETs showed hole mobility exceeding 2.0 cm2 V−1 s−1 (average mobility 1.2 cm2 V−1 s−1) and 3.0 cm2 V−1 s−1 (average mobility 2.0 cm2 V−1 s−1), respectively. They both have a high on/off ratio (I on/I off) > 109. The performance can well satisfy the requirements for light-emitting diodes driving.
Highlights:
1 A simple solution-processed dip-coating method achieves large-area single-crystalline nanoribbon arrays (5 × 10 cm2). High-performance organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) can be obtained through this method.
2 Organic nanoribbon array-based OFETs exhibit long-time cycle stability, enabling the control of light emission of different pixel patterns of LEDs.
Keywords
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- G. Xue, J. Wu, C. Fan, S. Liu, Z. Huang et al., Boosting the electron mobility of solution-grown organic single crystals via reducing the amount of polar solvent residues. Mater. Horiz. 3(2), 119–123 (2016). doi:10.1039/C5MH00190K
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References
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G.-P. Rigas, M.M. Payne, J.E. Anthony, P.N. Horton, F.A. Castro, M. Shkunov, Spray printing of organic semiconducting single crystals. Nat. Commun. 7, 13531 (2016). doi:10.1038/ncomms13531
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B. Liu, H. Tao, L. Wang, D. Gao, W. Liu et al., High-performance doping-free hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes: the exploitation of ultrathin emitting nanolayers (<1 nm). Nano Energy 26, 26–36 (2016). doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.04.054
B.-Q. Liu, L. Wang, D.-Y. Gao, J.-H. Zou, H.-L. Ning, J.-B. Peng, Y. Cao, Extremely high-efficiency and ultrasimplified hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes exploiting double multifunctional blue emitting layers. Light Sci. Appl. 5(8), e16137 (2016). doi:10.1038/lsa.2016.137
Q. Tang, L. Li, Y. Song, Y. Liu, H. Li, W. Xu, Y. Liu, W. Hu, D. Zhu, Photoswitches and phototransistors from organic single-crystalline sub-micro/nanometer ribbons. Adv. Mater. 19(18), 2624–2628 (2007). doi:10.1002/adma.200700208
P. He, Z. Tu, G. Zhao, Y. Zhen, H. Geng et al., Tuning the crystal polymorphs of alkyl thienoacene via solution self-assembly toward air-stable and high-performance organic field-effect transistors. Adv. Mater. 27(5), 825–830 (2015). doi:10.1002/adma.201404806
Y. Zhang, W. Deng, X. Zhang, X. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Xing, J. Jie, In situ integration of squaraine-nanowire-array-based Schottky-type photodetectors with enhanced switching performance. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5(23), 12288–12294 (2013). doi:10.1021/am402087v
R. Ding, J. Feng, X.-L. Zhang, W. Zhou, H.-H. Fang, Y.-F. Liu, Q.-D. Chen, H.-Y. Wang, H.-B. Sun, Fabrication and characterization of organic single crystal-based light-emitting devices with improved contact between the metallic electrodes and crystal. Adv. Funct. Mater. 24(45), 7085–7092 (2014). doi:10.1002/adfm.201470292
J. Mei, Y. Diao, A.L. Appleton, L. Fang, Z. Bao, Integrated materials design of organic semiconductors for field-effect transistors. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135(18), 6724–6746 (2013). doi:10.1021/ja400881n
A.Y. Amin, A. Khassanov, K. Reuter, T. Meyer-Friedrichsen, M. Halik, Low-voltage organic field effect transistors with a 2-tridecyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene semiconductor layer. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134(40), 16548–16550 (2012). doi:10.1021/ja307802q
A. Kim, K.-S. Jang, J. Kim, J.C. Won, M.H. Yi et al., Solvent-free directed patterning of a highly ordered liquid crystalline organic semiconductor via template-assisted self-assembly for organic transistors. Adv. Mater. 25(43), 6219–6225 (2013). doi:10.1002/adma.201302719
K. Kotsuki, S. Obata, K. Saiki, Self-aligned growth of organic semiconductor single crystals by electric field. Langmuir 32(2), 644–649 (2016). doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03975
A. Lv, S.R. Puniredd, J. Zhang, Z. Li, H. Zhu et al., High mobility, air stable, organic single crystal transistors of an n-type diperylene bisimide. Adv. Mater. 24(19), 2626–2630 (2012). doi:10.1002/adma.201104987
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J. Wu, C. Fan, G. Xue, T. Ye, S. Liu et al., Interfacing solution-grown C60 and (3-pyrrolinium)(CdCl3) single crystals for high-mobility transistor-based memory devices. Adv. Mater. 27(30), 4476–4480 (2015). doi:10.1002/adma.201501577
M. Wang, J. Li, G. Zhao, Q. Wu, Y. Huang, W. Hu, X. Gao, H. Li, D. Zhu, High-performance organic field-effect transistors based on single and large-area aligned crystalline microribbons of 6,13-dichloropentacene. Adv. Mater. 25(15), 2229–2233 (2013). doi:10.1002/adma.201204469
X. Xu, Y. Yao, B. Shan, X. Gu, D. Liu et al., Electron mobility exceeding 10 cm2 V−1 s−1 and band-like charge transport in solution-processed n-channel organic thin-film transistors. Adv. Mater. 28(26), 5276–5283 (2016). doi:10.1002/adma.201601171
G. Giri, S. Park, M. Vosgueritchian, M.M. Shulaker, Z. Bao, High-mobility, aligned crystalline domains of TIPS-pentacene with metastable polymorphs through lateral confinement of crystal growth. Adv. Mater. 26(3), 487–493 (2014). doi:10.1002/adma.201302439
C. Zhang, X. Zhang, X. Zhang, X. Ou, W. Zhang, J. Jie, J.C. Chang, C.-S. Lee, S.-T. Lee, Facile one-step fabrication of ordered organic nanowire films. Adv. Mater. 21(41), 4172–4175 (2009). doi:10.1002/adma.200802793
C. Zhang, X. Zhang, X. Zhang, X. Fan, J. Jie, J.C. Chang, C.-S. Lee, W. Zhang, S.-T. Lee, Facile one-step growth and patterning of aligned squaraine nanowires via evaporation-induced self-assembly. Adv. Mater. 20(9), 1716–1720 (2008). doi:10.1002/adma.200703142
K.S. Park, B. Cho, J. Baek, J.K. Hwang, H. Lee, M.M. Sung, Single-crystal organic nanowire electronics by direct printing from molecular solutions. Adv. Funct. Mater. 23(38), 4776–4784 (2013). doi:10.1002/adfm.201370238
H. Minemawari, T. Yamada, H. Matsui, J. Tsutsumi, S. Haas, R. Chiba, R. Kumai, T. Hasegawa, Inkjet printing of single-crystal films. Nature 475(7356), 364–367 (2011). doi:10.1038/nature10313
X. Cai, D. Ji, L. Jiang, G. Zhao, J. Tan, G. Tian, J. Li, W. Hu, Solution-processed high-performance flexible 9, 10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene organic single-crystal transistor and ring oscillator. Appl. Phys. Lett. 104(6), 063305 (2014). doi:10.1063/1.4865239
Y. Diao, B.C.-K. Tee, G. Giri, J. Xu, D.H. Kim et al., Solution coating of large-area organic semiconductor thin films with aligned single-crystalline domains. Nat. Mater. 12(7), 665–671 (2013). doi:10.1038/nmat3650
J. Chang, C. Chi, J. Zhang, J. Wu, Controlled growth of large-area high-performance small-molecule organic single-crystalline transistors by slot-die coating using a mixed solvent system. Adv. Mater. 25(44), 6442–6447 (2013). doi:10.1002/adma.201301267
C. Wang, Y. Liu, Z. Wei, H. Li, W. Xu, W. Hu, Biphase micro/nanometer sized single crystals of organic semiconductors: control synthesis and their strong phase dependent optoelectronic properties. Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(14), 143302 (2010). doi:10.1063/1.3383222
S.-O. Kim, M.W. Lee, S.H. Jang, S.M. Park, J.W. Park et al., Organic semiconductor based on phenylethynyl end-capped anthracene. Thin Solid Films 519(22), 7998–8002 (2011). doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2011.05.060
C. Wang, Y. Liu, Z. Ji, E. Wang, R. Li et al., Cruciforms: assembling single crystal micro- and nanostructures from one to three dimensions and their applications in organic field-effect transistors. Chem. Mater. 21(13), 2840–2845 (2009). doi:10.1021/cm900511g
H. Li, B.C.-K. Tee, G. Giri, J.W. Chung, S.Y. Lee, Z. Bao, High-performance transistors and complementary inverters based on solution-grown aligned organic single-crystals. Adv. Mater. 24(19), 2588–2591 (2012). doi:10.1002/adma.201200151
R.Z. Rogowski, A. Dzwilewski, M. Kemerink, A.A. Darhuber, Solution processing of semiconducting organic molecules for tailored charge transport properties. J. Phys. Chem. C 115(23), 11758–11762 (2011). doi:10.1021/jp201219h
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