Issue

Vol. 12 (2020)

Gas Sensors Based on Chemi-Resistive Hybrid Functional Nanomaterials

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-020-0407-5
Yingying Jian
School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensors, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, People’s Republic of China
Wenwen Hu
School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, People’s Republic of China
Zhenhuan Zhao
School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensors, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, People’s Republic of China
Pengfei Cheng
School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, People’s Republic of China
Hossam Haick
School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensors, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, People’s Republic of China
Mingshui Yao
Institute for Integrated Cell‑Material Sciences (WPI‑iCeMS), Kyoto University Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Yoshida Ushinomiya‑cho, Sakyo‑ku, Kyoto 606‑8501, Japan
Weiwei Wu
School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensors, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Weiwei Wu

wwwu@xidian.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 12 (2020), Article Number: 71

Abstract

Chemi-resistive sensors based on hybrid functional materials are promising candidates for gas sensing with high responsivity, good selectivity, fast response/recovery, great stability/repeatability, room-working temperature, low cost, and easy-to-fabricate, for versatile applications. This progress report reviews the advantages and advances of these sensing structures compared with the single constituent, according to five main sensing forms: manipulating/constructing heterojunctions, catalytic reaction, charge transfer, charge carrier transport, molecular binding/sieving, and their combinations. Promises and challenges of the advances of each form are presented and discussed. Critical thinking and ideas regarding the orientation of the development of hybrid material-based gas sensor in the future are discussed.


Highlights:


1 This review gives a thinking based on the generic mechanisms rather than simply dividing them as different types of combination of materials, which is unique and valuable for understanding and developing the novel hybrid materials in the future.
2 The hybrid materials, their sensing mechanism, and their applications are systematically reviewed. Critical thinking and ideas regarding the orientation of the development of hybrid material-based gas sensor in the future are also discussed.

Keywords

Gas sensor Hybrid Chemi-resistor Functional nanomaterials
Jian, Yingying, Wenwen Hu, Zhenhuan Zhao, Pengfei Cheng, Hossam Haick, Mingshui Yao, and Weiwei Wu. 2020. “Gas Sensors Based on Chemi-Resistive Hybrid Functional Nanomaterials”. Nano-Micro Letters 12 (March):71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-020-0407-5.
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
References
  1. H.D. Kotha, V.M. Gupta, IoT application: a survey. Int. J. Eng. Technol. 7(2.7), 891–896 (2018). https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.7.11089
  2. W. Hu, L. Wan, Y. Jian, C. Ren, K. Jin et al., Electronic noses: from advanced materials to sensors aided with data processing. Adv. Mater. Technol. 4(2), 1800488 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.201800488
  3. T.T. Dung, Y. Oh, S.-J. Choi, I.-D. Kim, M.-K. Oh, M. Kim, Applications and advances in bioelectronic noses for odour sensing. Sensors 18(1), 103 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/s18010103
  4. J. Zhang, X. Liu, G. Neri, N. Pinna, Nanostructured materials for room-temperature gas sensors. Adv. Mater. 28(5), 795–831 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201503825
  5. I.-D. Kim, A. Rothschild, H.L. Tuller, Advances and new directions in gas-sensing devices. Acta Mater. 61(3), 974–1000 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2012.10.041
  6. J.F. Fennell, S.F. Liu, J.M. Azzarelli, J.G. Weis, S. Rochat, K.A. Mirica, J.B. Ravnsbæk, T.M. Swager, Nanowire chemical/biological sensors: status and a roadmap for the future. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 55(4), 1266–1281 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201505308
  7. K. Ihokura, J. Watson, The Stannic Oxide Gas Sensor principles and Applications (CRC Press, London, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203735893
  8. G. Korotcenkov, B.K. Cho, Metal oxide composites in conductometric gas sensors: achievements and challenges. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 244, 182–210 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2016.12.117
  9. A. Kaushik, R. Kumar, S.K. Arya, M. Nair, B.D. Malhotra, S. Bhansali, Organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite-based gas sensors for environmental monitoring. Chem. Rev. 115(11), 4571–4606 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/cr400659h
  10. I. Stassen, N. Burtch, A. Talin, P. Falcaro, M. Allendorf, R. Ameloot, An updated roadmap for the integration of metal–organic frameworks with electronic devices and chemical sensors. Chem. Soc. Rev. 46(11), 3185–3241 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CS00122C
  11. Y. Li, A.-S. Xiao, B. Zou, H.-X. Zhang, K.-L. Yan, Y. Lin, Advances of metal–organic frameworks for gas sensing. Polyhedron 154, 83–97 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2018.07.028
  12. R.S. Andre, R.C. Sanfelice, A. Pavinatto, L.H.C. Mattoso, D.S. Correa, Hybrid nanomaterials designed for volatile organic compounds sensors: a review. Mater. Des. 156, 154–166 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.06.041
  13. S. Buratti, S. Benedetti, G. Giovanelli, Application of electronic senses to characterize espresso coffees brewed with different thermal profiles. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 243(3), 511–520 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-016-2769-y
  14. Z. Yang, F. Dong, K. Shimizu, T. Kinoshita, M. Kanamori, A. Morita, N. Watanabe, Identification of coumarin-enriched Japanese green teas and their particular flavor using electronic nose. J. Food Eng. 92(3), 312–316 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.11.014
  15. R. Dutta, E.L. Hines, J.W. Gardner, K.R. Kashwan, M. Bhuyan, Tea quality prediction using a tin oxide-based electronic nose: an artificial intelligence approach. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 94(2), 228–237 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-4005(03)00367-8
  16. G.J.A.A. Soler-Illia, O. Azzaroni, Multifunctional hybrids by combining ordered mesoporous materials and macromolecular building blocks. Chem. Soc. Rev. 40(2), 1107–1150 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/C0CS00208A
  17. J.C. Tan, A.K. Cheetham, Mechanical properties of hybrid inorganic–organic framework materials: establishing fundamental structure–property relationships. Chem. Soc. Rev. 40(2), 1059–1080 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/C0CS00163E
  18. G. Rogez, C. Massobrio, P. Rabu, M. Drillon, Layered hydroxide hybrid nanostructures: a route to multifunctionality. Chem. Soc. Rev. 40(2), 1031–1058 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/C0CS00159G
  19. C. Laberty-Robert, K. Vallé, F. Pereira, C. Sanchez, Design and properties of functional hybrid organic–inorganic membranes for fuel cells. Chem. Soc. Rev. 40(2), 961–1005 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/C0CS00144A
  20. J. Le Bideau, L. Viau, A. Vioux, Ionogels, ionic liquid based hybrid materials. Chem. Soc. Rev. 40(2), 907–925 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/C0CS00059K
  21. B. Lebeau, P. Innocenzi, Hybrid materials for optics and photonics. Chem. Soc. Rev. 40(2), 886–906 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/C0CS00106F
  22. N. Brun, S. Ungureanu, H. Deleuze, R. Backov, Hybrid foams, colloids and beyond: from design to applications. Chem. Soc. Rev. 40(2), 771–788 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/B920518G
  23. K. Kanamori, K. Nakanishi, Controlled pore formation in organotrialkoxysilane-derived hybrids: from aerogels to hierarchically porous monoliths. Chem. Soc. Rev. 40(2), 754–770 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/C0CS00068J
  24. C. Sanchez, P. Belleville, M. Popall, L. Nicole, Applications of advanced hybrid organic–inorganic nanomaterials: from laboratory to market. Chem. Soc. Rev. 40(2), 696–753 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/C0CS00136H
  25. L.-C. Hu, K.J. Shea, Organo–silica hybrid functional nanomaterials: how do organic bridging groups and silsesquioxane moieties work hand-in-hand? Chem. Soc. Rev. 40(2), 688–695 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/C0CS00219D
  26. R. Pardo, M. Zayat, D. Levy, Photochromic organic–inorganic hybrid materials. Chem. Soc. Rev. 40(2), 672–687 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/C0CS00065E
  27. J. Yuan, Y. Xu, A.H.E. Müller, One-dimensional magnetic inorganic–organic hybrid nanomaterials. Chem. Soc. Rev. 40(2), 640–655 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/C0CS00087F
  28. T.-H. Tran-Thi, R. Dagnelie, S. Crunaire, L. Nicole, Optical chemical sensors based on hybrid organic–inorganic solgel nanoreactors. Chem. Soc. Rev. 40(2), 621–639 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/C0CS00021C
  29. F. Hoffmann, M. Fröba, Vitalising porous inorganic silica networks with organic functions: PMOs and related hybrid materials. Chem. Soc. Rev. 40(2), 608–620 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/C0CS00076K
  30. M. Vallet-Regí, M. Colilla, B. González, Medical applications of organic–inorganic hybrid materials within the field of silica-based bioceramics. Chem. Soc. Rev. 40(2), 596–607 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/C0CS00025F
  31. J.-M. Oh, D.-H. Park, J.-H. Choy, Integrated bio-inorganic hybrid systems for nano-forensics. Chem. Soc. Rev. 40(2), 583–595 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/C0CS00051E
  32. U. Schubert, Cluster-based inorganic–organic hybrid materials. Chem. Soc. Rev. 40(2), 575–582 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/C0CS00009D
  33. A. Mehdi, C. Reye, R. Corriu, From molecular chemistry to hybrid nanomaterials. Design and functionalization. Chem. Soc. Rev. 40(2), 563–574 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/B920516K
  34. L.D. Carlos, R.A.S. Ferreira, V. de Zea Bermudez, B. Julián-López, P. Escribano, Progress on lanthanide-based organic–inorganic hybrid phosphors. Chem. Soc. Rev. 40(2), 536–549 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/C0CS00069H
  35. M. Clemente-León, E. Coronado, C. Martí-Gastaldo, F.M. Romero, Multifunctionality in hybrid magnetic materials based on bimetallic oxalate complexes. Chem. Soc. Rev. 40(2), 473–497 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/C0CS00111B
  36. C. Sanchez, K.J. Shea, S. Kitagawa, Recent progress in hybrid materials science. Chem. Soc. Rev. 40(2), 471–472 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/C1CS90001C
  37. M. Yao, P. Hu, Y. Cao, W. Xiang, X. Zhang, F. Yuan, Y. Chen, Morphology-controlled ZnO spherical nanobelt-flower arrays and their sensing properties. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 117, 562–569 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2012.11.088
  38. N. Yamazoe, K. Shimanoe, New perspectives of gas sensor technology. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 138(1), 100–107 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2009.01.023
  39. D.R. Miller, S.A. Akbar, P.A. Morris, Nanoscale metal oxide-based heterojunctions for gas sensing: a review. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 204, 250–272 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2014.07.074
  40. H.-J. Kim, J.-H. Lee, Highly sensitive and selective gas sensors using p-type oxide semiconductors: overview. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 192, 607–627 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2013.11.005
  41. T. Li, W. Zeng, Z. Wang, Quasi-one-dimensional metal-oxide-based heterostructural gas-sensing materials: a review. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 221, 1570–1585 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2015.08.003
  42. Z. Zhao, J. Tian, Y. Sang, A. Cabot, H. Liu, Structure, synthesis, and applications of TiO2 nanobelts. Adv. Mater. 27(16), 2557–2582 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201405589
  43. T. Wagner, S. Haffer, C. Weinberger, D. Klaus, M. Tiemann, Mesoporous materials as gas sensors. Chem. Soc. Rev. 42(9), 4036–4053 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CS35379B
  44. J. Zhang, X. Liu, G. Neri, N. Pinna, Nanostructured materials for room-temperature gas sensors. Adv. Mater. 28(5), 795–831 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201503825
  45. S.-J. Choi, I.-D. Kim, Recent developments in 2D nanomaterials for chemiresistive-type gas sensors. Electron. Mater. Lett. 14(3), 221–260 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13391-018-0044-z
  46. L. Senesac, T.G. Thundat, Nanosensors for trace explosive detection. Mater. Today 11(3), 28–36 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(08)70017-8
  47. C.N. Xu, J. Tamaki, N. Miura, N. Yamazoe, Grain-size effects on gas sensitivity of porous SnO2-based elements. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 3(2), 147–155 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-4005(91)80207-z
  48. J.Q. Xu, Q.Y. Pan, Y.A. Shun, Z.Z. Tian, Grain size control and gas sensing properties of ZnO gas sensor. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 66(1–3), 277–279 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-4005(00)00381-6
  49. N. Hongsith, E. Wongrat, T. Kerdcharoen, S. Choopun, Sensor response formula for sensor based on ZnO nanostructures. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 144(1), 67–72 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1021/am5081277
  50. M. Yao, Q. Li, G. Hou, C. Lu, B. Cheng et al., Dopant-controlled morphology evolution of WO3 polyhedra synthesized by RF thermal plasma and their sensing properties. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 7(4), 2856–2866 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/am5081277
  51. I.-S. Hwang, J.-K. Choi, H.-S. Woo, S.-J. Kim, S.-Y. Jung, T.-Y. Seong, I.-D. Kim, J.-H. Lee, Facile control of C2H5OH sensing characteristics by decorating discrete Ag nanoclusters on SnO2 nanowire networks. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 3(8), 3140–3145 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1021/am200647f
  52. J.-S. Jang, S.-J. Choi, S.-J. Kim, M. Hakim, I.-D. Kim, Rational design of highly porous SnO2 nanotubes functionalized with biomimetic nanocatalysts for direct observation of simulated diabetes. Adv. Funct. Mater. 26(26), 4740–4748 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201600797
  53. S.-J. Kim, S.-J. Choi, J.-S. Jang, H.-J. Cho, W.-T. Koo, H.L. Tuller, I.-D. Kim, Exceptional high-performance of Pt-based bimetallic catalysts for exclusive detection of exhaled biomarkers. Adv. Mater. 29(36), 1700737 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201700737
  54. Y. Xiao, L. Lu, A. Zhang, Y. Zhang, L. Sun, L. Huo, F. Li, Highly enhanced acetone sensing performances of porous and single crystalline ZnO nanosheets: high percentage of exposed (100) facets working together with surface modification with Pd nanoparticles. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 4(8), 3797–3804 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1021/am3010303
  55. S.-Y. Cho, H.-J. Koh, H.-W. Yoo, H.-T. Jung, Tunable chemical sensing performance of black phosphorus by controlled functionalization with noble metals. Chem. Mater. 29(17), 7197–7205 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b01353
  56. J. Ma, Y. Ren, X. Zhou, L. Liu, Y. Zhu et al., Pt nanoparticles sensitized ordered mesoporous WO3 semiconductor: gas sensing performance and mechanism study. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(6), 1705268 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201705268
  57. Y.J. Hong, J.-W. Yoon, J.-H. Lee, Y.C. Kang, One-pot synthesis of Pd-loaded SnO2 yolk-shell nanostructures for ultraselective methyl benzene sensors. Chem. Eur. J. 20(10), 2737–2741 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201304502
  58. X. Chen, Z. Guo, W.-H. Xu, H.-B. Yao, M.-Q. Li et al., Templating synthesis of SnO2 nanotubes loaded with Ag2O nanoparticles and their enhanced gas sensing properties. Adv. Funct. Mater. 21(11), 2049–2056 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201002701
  59. G. Lu, L.E. Ocola, J. Chen, Room-temperature gas sensing based on electron transfer between discrete tin oxide nanocrystals and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Adv. Mater. 21(24), 2487–2491 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200803536
  60. L. Guan, S. Wang, W. Gu, J. Zhuang, H. Jin, W. Zhang, T. Zhang, J. Wang, Ultrasensitive room-temperature detection of NO2 with tellurium nanotube based chemiresistive sensor. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 196, 321–327 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2014.02.014
  61. H. Long, A. Harley-Trochimczyk, T. Pham, Z. Tang, T. Shi, A. Zettl, C. Carraro, M.A. Worsley, R. Maboudian, High surface area MoS2/graphene hybrid aerogel for ultrasensitive NO2 detection. Adv. Funct. Mater. 26(28), 5158–5165 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201601562
  62. S. Deng, V. Tjoa, H.M. Fan, H.R. Tan, D.C. Sayle, M. Olivo, S. Mhaisalkar, J. Wei, C.H. Sow, Reduced graphene oxide conjugated Cu2O nanowire mesocrystals for high-performance NO2 gas sensor. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134(10), 4905–4917 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja211683m
  63. Y. Guo, T. Wang, F. Chen, X. Sun, X. Li, Z. Yu, P. Wan, X. Chen, Hierarchical graphene–polyaniline nanocomposite films for high-performance flexible electronic gas sensors. Nanoscale 8(23), 12073–12080 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1039/C6NR02540D
  64. Z. Wang, L. Huang, X. Zhu, X. Zhou, L. Chi, An ultrasensitive organic semiconductor NO2 sensor based on crystalline TIPS-pentacene films. Adv. Mater. 29(38), 1703192 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201703192
  65. A.R. Jalil, H. Chang, V.K. Bandari, P. Robaschik, J. Zhang et al., Fully integrated organic nanocrystal diode as high performance room temperature NO2 sensor. Adv. Mater. 28(15), 2971–2977 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201506293
  66. S. Ji, H. Wang, T. Wang, D. Yan, A high-performance room-temperature NO2 sensor based on an ultrathin heterojunction film. Adv. Mater. 25(12), 1755–1760 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201204134
  67. F. Shao, M.W.G. Hoffmann, J.D. Prades, R. Zamani, J. Arbiol et al., Heterostructured p-CuO (nanoparticle)/n-SnO2 (nanowire) devices for selective H2S detection. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 181, 130–135 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2013.01.067
  68. J. Wu, K. Tao, Y. Guo, Z. Li, X. Wang et al., A 3D chemically modified graphene hydrogel for fast, highly sensitive, and selective gas sensor. Adv. Sci. 4(3), 1600319 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201600319
  69. H. Jin, T.-P. Huynh, H. Haick, Self-healable sensors based nanoparticles for detecting physiological markers via skin and breath: toward disease prevention via wearable devices. Nano Lett. 16(7), 4194–4202 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01066
  70. M.W.G. Hoffmann, J. Daniel Prades, L. Mayrhofer, F. Hernandez-Ramirez, T.T. Jaervi, M. Moseler, A. Waag, H. Shen, Highly selective SAM-nanowire hybrid NO2 sensor: insight into charge transfer dynamics and alignment of frontier molecular orbitals. Adv. Funct. Mater. 24(5), 595–602 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201301478
  71. W. Liu, L. Xu, K. Sheng, C. Chen, X. Zhou et al., APTES-functionalized thin-walled porous WO3 nanotubes for highly selective sensing of NO2 in a polluted environment. J. Mater. Chem. A 6(23), 10976–10989 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta02452a
  72. Y. Jiang, N. Tang, C. Zhou, Z. Han, H. Qu, X. Duan, A chemiresistive sensor array from conductive polymer nanowires fabricated by nanoscale soft lithography. Nanoscale 10(44), 20578–20586 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NR04198A
  73. B. Esser, J.M. Schnorr, T.M. Swager, Selective detection of ethylene gas using carbon nanotube-based devices: utility in determination of fruit ripeness. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 51(23), 5752–5756 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201201042
  74. P.A. Russo, N. Donato, S.G. Leonardi, S. Baek, D.E. Conte, G. Neri, N. Pinna, Room-temperature hydrogen sensing with heteronanostructures based on reduced graphene oxide and tin oxide. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 51(44), 11053–11057 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201204373
  75. J.-S. Jang, W.-T. Koo, S.-J. Choi, I.-D. Kim, Metal organic framework-templated chemiresistor: sensing type transition from p-to-n using hollow metal oxide polyhedron via galvanic replacement. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139(34), 11868–11876 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b05246
  76. M.S. Yao, W.X. Tang, G.E. Wang, B. Nath, G. Xu, MOF thin film-coated metal oxide nanowire array: significantly improved chemiresistor sensor performance. Adv. Mater. 28, 5229–5234 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201506457
  77. D. Wang, Z. Li, J. Zhou, H. Fang, X. He, P. Jena, J.-B. Zeng, W.-N. Wang, Simultaneous detection and removal of formaldehyde at room temperature: Janus Au@ZnO@ZIF-8 nanoparticles. Nano-Micro Lett. 10(1), 4 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-017-0158-0
  78. J. Fu, C. Zhao, J. Zhang, Y. Peng, E. Xie, Enhanced gas sensing performance of electrospun Pt-functionalized NiO nanotubes with chemical and electronic sensitization. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 5(15), 7410–7416 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1021/am4017347
  79. L. Xiao, S. Xu, G. Yu, S. Liu, Efficient hierarchical mixed Pd/SnO2 porous architecture deposited microheater for low power ethanol gas sensor. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 255, 2002–2010 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.08.216
  80. S. Ishihara, J.M. Azzarelli, M. Krikorian, T.M. Swager, Ultratrace detection of toxic chemicals: triggered disassembly of supramolecular nanotube wrappers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138(26), 8221–8227 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b03869
  81. M.K. Nakhleh, H. Amal, H. Awad, A.L. Gharra, N. Abu-Saleh, R. Jeries, H. Haick, Z. Abassi, Sensor arrays based on nanoparticles for early detection of kidney injury by breath samples. Nanomed. Nanotechnol. 10(8), 1767–1776 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2014.06.007
  82. Y. Deng, J. Sun, H. Jin, M. Khatib, X. Li et al., Chemically modified polyaniline for the detection of volatile biomarkers of minimal sensitivity to humidity and bending. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 7(15), 1800232 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201800232
  83. X.M. Sun, Y.D. Li, Colloidal carbon spheres and their core/shell structures with noble-metal nanoparticles. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 43(5), 597–601 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200352386
  84. L. Wang, Z. Lou, T. Fei, T. Zhang, Zinc oxide core-shell hollow microspheres with multi-shelled architecture for gas sensor applications. J. Mater. Chem. 21(48), 19331–19336 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/C1JM13354C
  85. P. Rai, J.-W. Yoon, H.-M. Jeong, S.-J. Hwang, C.-H. Kwak, J.-H. Lee, Design of highly sensitive and selective Au@NiO yolk-shell nanoreactors for gas sensor applications. Nanoscale 6(14), 8292–8299 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/c4nr01906g
  86. P. Rai, J.-W. Yoon, C.-H. Kwak, J.-H. Lee, Role of Pd nanoparticles in gas sensing behaviour of Pd@In2O3 yolk-shell nanoreactors. J. Mater. Chem. A 4(1), 264–269 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ta08873a
  87. X. Han, M. Jin, S. Xie, Q. Kuang, Z. Jiang, Y. Jiang, Z. Xie, L. Zheng, Synthesis of tin dioxide octahedral nanoparticles with exposed high-energy 221 facets and enhanced gas-sensing properties. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 48(48), 9180–9183 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200903926
  88. X.-G. Han, H.-Z. He, Q. Kuang, X. Zhou, X.-H. Zhang, T. Xu, Z.-X. Xie, L.-S. Zheng, Controlling morphologies and tuning the related properties of nano/microstructured ZnO crystallites. J. Phys. Chem. C 113(2), 584–589 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp808233e
  89. K. Suematsu, M. Sasaki, N. Ma, M. Yuasa, K. Shimanoe, Antimony-doped tin dioxide gas sensors exhibiting high stability in the sensitivity to humidity changes. ACS Sensor 1(7), 913–920 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.6b00323
  90. N. Ma, K. Suematsu, M. Yuasa, K. Shimanoe, Pd size effect on the gas sensing properties of Pd-loaded SnO2 in humid atmosphere. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 7(28), 15618–15625 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b04380
  91. Y. Lin, P. Deng, Y. Nie, Y. Hu, L. Xing, Y. Zhang, X. Xue, Room-temperature self-powered ethanol sensing of a Pd/ZnO nanoarray nanogenerator driven by human finger movement. Nanoscale 6(9), 4604–4610 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/c3nr06809a
  92. L. Guo, F. Chen, N. Xie, X. Kou, C. Wang et al., Ultra-sensitive sensing platform based on Pt–ZnO–In2O3 nanofibers for detection of acetone. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 272, 185–194 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2018.05.161
  93. Z. Wang, Z. Li, T. Jiang, X. Xu, C. Wang, Ultrasensitive hydrogen sensor based on Pd0-loaded SnO2 electrospun nanofibers at room temperature. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 5(6), 2013–2021 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1021/am3028553
  94. S.-J. Choi, W.-T. Koo, S.-J. Kim, J.-S. Jang, H.L. Tuller, I.-D. Kim, Heterogeneous sensitization of metal-organic framework driven metal@metal oxide complex catalysts on oxide nanofiber scaffold toward superior gas sensors. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138(40), 13431–13437 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b09167
  95. M. Yao, P. Hu, N. Han, F. Ding, C. Yin, F. Yuan, J. Yang, Y. Chen, ZnO micro-windbreak for enhanced gas diffusion. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 186, 614–621 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2013.06.057
  96. Z. Jing, J. Zhan, Fabrication and gas-sensing properties of porous ZnO nanoplates. Adv. Mater. 20(23), 4547–4551 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200800243
  97. X. Lai, J. Li, B.A. Korgel, Z. Dong, Z. Li, F. Su, J. Du, D. Wang, General synthesis and gas-sensing properties of multiple-shell metal oxide hollow microspheres. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50(12), 2738–2741 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201004900
  98. Y. Shimizu, T. Hyodo, M. Egashira, Meso-to macro-porous oxides as semiconductor gas sensors. Catal. Surv. Asia 8(2), 127–135 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/b:cats.0000027014.79515.87
  99. F. Sun, W. Cai, Y. Li, L. Jia, F. Lu, Direct growth of mono- and multilayer nanostructured porous films on curved surfaces and their application as gas sensors. Adv. Mater. 17(23), 2872–2877 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200500936
  100. F. Song, H. Su, J. Han, W.M. Lau, W.-J. Moon, D. Zhang, Bioinspired hierarchical tin oxide scaffolds for enhanced gas sensing properties. J. Phys. Chem. C 116(18), 10274–10281 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp2118136
  101. T. Waitz, T. Wagner, T. Sauerwald, C.-D. Kohl, M. Tiemann, Ordered mesoporous In2O3: synthesis by structure replication and application as a methane gas sensor. Adv. Funct. Mater. 19(4), 653–661 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200801458
  102. E. Rossinyol, A. Prim, E. Pellicer, J. Arbiol, F. Hernandez-Ramirez et al., Synthesis and characterization of chromium-doped mesoporous tungsten oxide for gas-sensing applications. Adv. Funct. Mater. 17(11), 1801–1806 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200600722
  103. M. D’Arienzo, L. Armelao, A. Cacciamani, C.M. Mari, S. Polizzi et al., One-step preparation of SnO2 and Pt-doped SnO2 as inverse opal thin films for gas sensing. Chem. Mater. 22(13), 4083–4089 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1021/cm100866g
  104. M. D’Arienzo, L. Armelao, C.M. Mari, S. Polizzi, R. Ruffo, R. Scotti, F. Morazzoni, Macroporous WO3 thin films active in NH3 sensing: role of the hosted Cr isolated centers and Pt nanoclusters. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133(14), 5296–5304 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja109511a
  105. J. Jones, H. Xiong, A.T. DeLaRiva, E.J. Peterson, H. Pham et al., Thermally stable single-atom platinum-on-ceria catalysts via atom trapping. Science 353(6295), 150–154 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf8800
  106. P. Liu, Y. Zhao, R. Qin, S. Mo, G. Chen et al., Photochemical route for synthesizing atomically dispersed palladium catalysts. Science 352(6287), 797–800 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf5251
  107. A.J. Therrien, A.J. Hensley, M.D. Marcinkowski, R. Zhang, F.R. Lucci et al., An atomic-scale view of single-site Pt catalysis for low-temperature CO oxidation. Nat. Catal. 1(3), 192 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-018-0028-2
  108. A. Wang, J. Li, T. Zhang, Heterogeneous single-atom catalysis. Nat. Rev. Chem. 2, 65–81 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41570-018-0010-1
  109. Z. Song, Z. Wei, B. Wang, Z. Luo, S. Xu et al., Sensitive room-temperature H2S gas sensors employing SnO2 quantum wire/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites. Chem. Mater. 28(4), 1205–1212 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04850
  110. B. Jang, K.Y. Lee, J.-S. Noh, W. Lee, Nanogap-based electrical hydrogen sensors fabricated from Pd-PMMA hybrid thin films. Sens. Actuator. B: Chem. 193, 530–535 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2013.11.080
  111. G. Peng, U. Tisch, O. Adams, M. Hakim, N. Shehada et al., Diagnosing lung cancer in exhaled breath using gold nanoparticles. Nat. Nanotechnol. 4, 669 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2009.235
  112. N. Kahn, O. Lavie, M. Paz, Y. Segev, H. Haick, Dynamic nanoparticle-based flexible sensors: diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma from exhaled breath. Nano Lett. 15(10), 7023–7028 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03052
  113. J.-W. Yoon, J.-S. Kim, T.-H. Kim, Y.J. Hong, Y.C. Kang, J.-H. Lee, A new strategy for humidity independent oxide chemiresistors: dynamic self-refreshing of In2O3 sensing surface assisted by layer-by-layer coated CeO2 nanoclusters. Small 12(31), 4229–4240 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201601507
  114. C.-L. Zhu, H.-L. Yu, Y. Zhang, T.-S. Wang, Q.-Y. Ouyang et al., Fe2O3/TiO2 tube-like nanostructures: synthesis, structural transformation and the enhanced sensing properties. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 4(2), 665–671 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1021/am201689x
  115. S. Park, S. An, Y. Mun, C. Lee, UV-enhanced NO2 gas sensing properties of SnO2-Core/ZnO-shell nanowires at room temperature. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 5(10), 4285–4292 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1021/am400500a
  116. S. Cui, Z. Wen, X. Huang, J. Chang, J. Chen, Stabilizing MoS2 nanosheets through SnO2 nanocrystal decoration for high-performance gas sensing in air. Small 11(19), 2305–2313 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201402923
  117. T. Kida, A. Nishiyama, Z. Hua, K. Suematsu, M. Yuasa, K. Shimanoe, WO3 nano lamella gas sensor: porosity control using SnO2 nanoparticles for enhanced NO2 sensing. Langmuir 30(9), 2571–2579 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/la4049105
  118. Y.-C. Her, B.-Y. Yeh, S.-L. Huang, Vapor-solid growth of p-Te/n-SnO2 hierarchical heterostructures and their enhanced room-temperature gas sensing properties. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 6(12), 9150–9159 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/am5012518
  119. A. Kumar, S. Samanta, A. Singh, M. Roy, S. Singh et al., Fast response and high sensitivity of ZnO nanowires—cobalt phthalocyanine heterojunction based H2S sensor. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 7(32), 17713–17724 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b03652
  120. J.H. Kim, A. Katoch, S.H. Kim, S.K. Sang, Chemiresistive sensing behavior of SnO2 (n)–Cu2O (p) core-shell nanowires. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 7(28), 15351–15358 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b03224
  121. D. Zhang, Z. Wu, X. Zong, Y. Zhang, Fabrication of polypyrrole/Zn2SnO4 nanofilm for ultra-highly sensitive ammonia sensing application. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 274, 575–586 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2018.08.001
  122. Z. Pang, Q. Nie, A. Wei, J. Yang, F. Huang, Q. Wei, Effect of In2O3 nanofiber structure on the ammonia sensing performances of In2O3/PANI composite nanofibers. J. Mater. Sci. 52(2), 686–695 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-0362-1
  123. M. Villani, D. Calestani, L. Lazzarini, L. Zanotti, R. Mosca, A. Zappettini, Extended functionality of ZnO nanotetrapods by solution-based coupling with CdS nanoparticles. J. Mater. Chem. 22(12), 5694–5699 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1039/C2JM16164H
  124. J. Zhai, D. Wang, L. Peng, Y. Lin, X. Li, T. Xie, Visible-light-induced photoelectric gas sensing to formaldehyde based on CdS nanoparticles/ZnO heterostructures. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 147(1), 234–240 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2010.03.003
  125. J. Zhai, L. Wang, D. Wang, H. Li, Y. Zhang, D.Q. He, T. Xie, Enhancement of gas sensing properties of CdS nanowire/ZnO nanosphere composite materials at room temperature by visible-light activation. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 3(7), 2253–2258 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1021/am200008y
  126. A. Chizhov, M. Rumyantseva, R. Vasiliev, D. Filatova, K. Drozdov, I. Krylov, A. Abakumov, A. Gaskov, Visible light activated room temperature gas sensors based on nanocrystalline ZnO sensitized with CdSe quantum dots. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 205, 305–312 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2014.08.091
  127. L. Huo, X. Yang, Z. Liu, X. Tian, T. Qi, X. Wang, K. Yu, J. Sun, M. Fan, Modulation of potential barrier heights in Co3O4/SnO2 heterojunctions for highly H2-selective sensors. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 244, 694–700 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.01.061
  128. C.-H. Kwak, T.-H. Kim, S.-Y. Jeong, J.-W. Yoon, J.-S. Kim, J.-H. Lee, Humidity-independent oxide semiconductor chemiresistors using terbium-doped SnO2 yolk-shell spheres for real-time breath analysis. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 10(22), 18886–18894 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b04245
  129. E.-X. Chen, H. Yang, J. Zhang, Zeolitic imidazolate framework as formaldehyde gas sensor. Inorg. Chem. 53(11), 5411–5413 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/ic500474j
  130. E.-X. Chen, H.-R. Fu, R. Lin, Y.-X. Tan, J. Zhang, Highly selective and sensitive trimethylamine gas sensor based on cobalt imidazolate framework material. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 6(24), 22871–22875 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/am5071317
  131. H. Tian, H. Fan, M. Li, L. Ma, Zeolitic imidazolate framework coated ZnO nanorods as molecular sieving to improve selectivity of formaldehyde gas sensor. ACS Sensor 1(3), 243–250 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.5b00236
  132. M.F. Koudehi, S.M. Pourmortazavi, Polyvinyl alcohol/polypyrrole/molecularly imprinted polymer nanocomposite as highly selective chemiresistor sensor for 2,4-DNT vapor recognition. Electroanalysis 30(10), 2302–2310 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201700751
  133. K. Tan, S. Zuluaga, E. Fuentes, E.C. Mattson, J.F. Veyan, H. Wang, J. Li, T. Thonhauser, Y.J. Chabal, Trapping gases in metal-organic frameworks with a selective surface molecular barrier layer. Nat. Commun. 7, 13871 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13871
  134. H. Li, M.M. Sadiq, K. Suzuki, R. Ricco, C. Doblin et al., Magnetic metal-organic frameworks for efficient carbon dioxide capture and remote trigger release. Adv. Mater. 28(9), 1839–1844 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201505320
  135. P.-Q. Liao, N.-Y. Huang, W.-X. Zhang, J.-P. Zhang, X.-M. Chen, Controlling guest conformation for efficient purification of butadiene. Science 356(6343), 1193–1196 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aam7232
  136. F. Vermoortele, M. Maes, P.Z. Moghadam, M.J. Lennox, F. Ragon et al., p-Xylene-selective metal-organic frameworks: a case of topology-directed selectivity. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133(46), 18526–18529 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja207287h
  137. L. Zhang, P. Cui, H. Yang, J. Chen, F. Xiao et al., Metal–organic frameworks as promising photosensitizers for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Adv. Sci. 3(1), 1500243 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201500243
  138. M. Zhao, K. Yuan, W. Yun, G. Li, J. Guo, G. Lin, W. Hu, H. Zhao, Z. Tang, Metal–organic frameworks as selectivity regulators for hydrogenation reactions. Nature 539(7627), 76 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature19763
  139. M.G. Campbell, D. Sheberla, S.F. Liu, T.M. Swager, M. Dincă, Cu3(hexaiminotriphenylene)2: an electrically conductive 2D metal–organic framework for chemiresistive sensing. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 127(14), 4423–4426 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201411854
  140. D. Sheberla, J.C. Bachman, J.S. Elias, C.J. Sun, Y. Shao-Horn, M. Dinca, Conductive MOF electrodes for stable supercapacitors with high areal capacitance. Nat. Mater. 16(2), 220–224 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4766
  141. T. Yamada, M. Sadakiyo, H. Kitagawa, High proton conductivity of one-dimensional ferrous oxalate dihydrate. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131(9), 3144–3145 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja808681m
  142. G. Xu, K. Otsubo, T. Yamada, S. Sakaida, H. Kitagawa, Superprotonic conductivity in a highly oriented crystalline metal-organic framework nanofilm. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135(20), 7438–7441 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja402727d
  143. L. Sun, M.G. Campbell, M. Dincă, Electrically conductive porous metal–organic frameworks. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 55(11), 3566–3579 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201506219
  144. G. Xu, G.C. Guo, M.S. Yao, Z.H. Fu, G.E. Wang, The Chemistry of Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications: 14, vol. 1 (Wiley, Weinheim, 2016), pp. 421–462. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527693078.ch1
  145. M. Hmadeh, Z. Lu, Z. Liu, F. Gándara, H. Furukawa, S. Wan et al., New porous crystals of extended metal-catecholates. Chem. Mater. 24(18), 3511–3513 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1021/cm301194a
  146. A.A. Talin, A. Centrone, A.C. Ford, M.E. Foster, V. Stavila et al., Tunable electrical conductivity in metal-organic framework thin-film devices. Science 343(6166), 66–69 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1246738
  147. X. Huang, P. Sheng, Z.Y. Tu, F.J. Zhang, J.H. Wang et al., A two-dimensional π–d conjugated coordination polymer with extremely high electrical conductivity and ambipolar transport behaviour. Nat. Commun. 6, 7408 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8408
  148. S. Takaishi, M. Hosoda, T. Kajiwara, H. Miyasaka, M. Yamashita et al., Electroconductive porous coordination polymer Cu[Cu(pdt)2] composed of donor and acceptor building units. Inorg. Chem. 48(19), 9048–9050 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1021/ic802117q
  149. T. Kambe, R. Sakamoto, K. Hoshiko, K. Takada, M. Miyachi et al., π-Conjugated nickel bis(dithiolene) complex nanosheet. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 2462–2465 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja312380b
  150. S. Takaishi, M. Hosoda, T. Kajiwara, H. Miyasaka, M. Yamashita et al., Electroconductive porous coordination polymer Cu[Cu (pdt)2] composed of donor and acceptor building units. Inorg. Chem. 48(19), 9048–9050 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1021/ic802117q
  151. X. Ribas, J.C. Dias, J. Morgado, K. Wurst, I.C. Santos et al., Alkaline side-coordination strategy for the design of nickel (II) and nickel (III) bis (1, 2-diselenolene) complex based materials. Inorg. Chem. 43(12), 3631–3641 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1021/ic049860x
  152. K.J. Erickson, F. Leonard, V. Stavila, M.E. Foster, C.D. Spataru et al., Thin film thermoelectric metal-organic framework with high Seebeck coefficient and low thermal conductivity. Adv. Mater. 27(22), 3453–3459 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201501078
  153. S.S. Park, E.R. Hontz, L. Sun, C.H. Hendon, A. Walsh, T. Van Voorhis, M. Dinca, Cation-dependent intrinsic electrical conductivity in isostructural tetrathiafulvalene-based microporous metal-organic frameworks. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137(5), 1774–1777 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/ic049860x
  154. J. Cui, Z. Xu, An electroactive porous network from covalent metal-dithiolene links. Chem. Commun. 50(30), 3986–3988 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/c4cc00408f
  155. T. Panda, R. Banerjee, High Charge Carrier Mobility in two dimensional indium (III) isophthalic acid based frameworks. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. India Sect. A Phys. Sci. 84(2), 331–336 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40010-014-0152-6
  156. D. Chen, H. Xing, Z. Su, C. Wang, Electrical conductivity and electroluminescence of a new anthracene-based metal-organic framework with π-conjugated zigzag chains. Chem. Commun. 52(10), 2019–2022 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CC09065B
  157. L.E. Darago, M.L. Aubrey, C.J. Yu, M.I. Gonzalez, J.R. Long, Electronic conductivity, ferrimagnetic ordering, and reductive insertion mediated by organic mixed-valence in a ferric semiquinoid metal–organic framework. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137(50), 15703–15711 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b10385
  158. L. Sun, C.H. Hendon, M.A. Minier, A. Walsh, M. Dincă, Million-fold electrical conductivity enhancement in Fe2(DEBDC) versus Mn2(DEBDC) (E = S, O). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137(19), 6164–6167 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b02897
  159. D. Sheberla, L. Sun, M.A. Blood-Forsythe, S.L. Er, C.R. Wade, C.K. Brozek, A.N. Aspuru-Guzik, M. Dincă, High electrical conductivity in Ni3(2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene)2, a semiconducting metal-organic graphene analogue. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136, 8859–8862 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja502765n
  160. T. Kambe, R. Sakamoto, T. Kusamoto, T. Pal, N. Fukui et al., Redox control and high conductivity of nickel bis(dithiolene) complex π-nanosheet: a potential organic two-dimensional topological insulator. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136, 14357–14360 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja507619d
  161. C. Hermosa, J.V. Alvarez, M.R. Azani, C.J. Gomez-Garcia, M. Fritz et al., Intrinsic electrical conductivity of nanostructured metal-organic polymer chains. Nat. Commun. 4, 1709 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2696
  162. S. Takaishi, Y. Tobu, H. Kitagawa, A. Goto, T. Shimizu, T. Okubo, T. Mitani, R. Ikeda, The NOR observation of Spin-Peierls transition in an antiferromagnetic MX-chain complex NiBr(chxn) (2) Br-2. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126(6), 1614–1615 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja039857x
  163. R.A. Heintz, H. Zhao, X. Ouyang, G. Grandinetti, J. Cowen, K.R. Dunbar, New insight into the nature of Cu (TCNQ): solution routes to two distinct polymorphs and their relationship to crystalline films that display bistable switching behavior. Inorg. Chem. 38(1), 144–156 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1021/ic9812095
  164. M.G. Campbell, S.F. Liu, T.M. Swager, M. Dinca, Chemiresistive sensor arrays from conductive 2D metal-organic frameworks. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137(43), 13780–13783 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b09600
  165. M.K. Smith, K.E. Jensen, P.A. Pivak, K.A. Mirica, Direct self-assembly of conductive nanorods of metal–organic frameworks into chemiresistive devices on shrinkable polymer films. Chem. Mater. 28(15), 5264–5268 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b02528
  166. M.K. Smith, K.A. Mirica, Self-organized frameworks on textiles (SOFT): conductive fabrics for simultaneous sensing, capture, and filtration of gases. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139(46), 16759–16767 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b08840
  167. D.F. Altomare, F. Porcelli, A. Picciariello, M. Pinto, M. Di Lena et al., The use of the PEN3 e-nose in the screening of colorectal cancer and polyps. Tech. Coloproctol. 20(6), 405–409 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10151-016-1457-z
  168. T.W. Zhang, T.Liu, M. Zhang, Y. Zhang, H. Li et al., NOS.E: a new fast response electronic nose health monitoring system, in 2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) 2018, pp. 4977–4980 (2018). http://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2018.8513416
  169. W. Li, H. Liu, D. Xie, Z. He, X. Pi, Lung cancer screening based on type-different sensor arrays. Sci. Rep. 7(1), 1969 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-02154-9
  170. C.G. Waltman, T.A.T. Marcelissen, J.G.H. van Roermund, Exhaled-breath testing for prostate cancer based on volatile organic compound profiling using an electronic nose device (aeonose): a preliminary report. Eur. Urol. Focus (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euf.2018.11.006
  171. V.N.E. Schuermans, Z. Li, A. Jongen, Z. Wu, J. Shi, J. Ji, N.D. Bouvy, Pilot study: detection of gastric cancer from exhaled air analyzed with an electronic nose in Chinese patients. Surg. Innov. 25(5), 429–434 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1177/1553350618781267
  172. A. Sanaeifar, H. ZakiDizaji, A. Jafari, M.D.L. Guardia, Early detection of contamination and defect in foodstuffs by electronic nose: A review. TrAC Trend. Anal. Chem. 97, 257–271 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2017.09.014
  173. H. Yu, J. Wang, Y. Xu, Identification of adulterated milk using electronic nose. Sens. Mater. 19, 275–285 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-71720-3_15
  174. A.H. Gómez, J. Wang, G. Hu, A.G. Pereira, Electronic nose technique potential monitoring mandarin maturity. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 113(1), 347–353 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2005.03.090
  175. A. Blanco-Rodriguez, V.F. Camara, F. Campo, L. Becheran, A. Duran et al., Development of an electronic nose to characterize odours emitted from different stages in a wastewater treatment plant. Water Res. 134, 92–100 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.01.067
  176. S. Borah, E.L. Hines, M.S. Leeson, D.D. Iliescu, M. Bhuyan, J.W. Gardner, Neural network based electronic nose for classification of tea aroma. Sens. Instrum. Food Qual. Saf. 2(1), 7–14 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-007-9028-7
  177. L. Wozniak, P. Kalinowski, G. Jasinski, P. Jasinski, FFT analysis of temperature modulated semiconductor gas sensor response for the prediction of ammonia concentration under humidity interference. Microelectron. Reliab. 84, 163–169 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2018.03.034
  178. A.A.S. Ali, A. Farhat, S. Mohamad, A. Amira, F. Bensaali, M. Benammar, A. Bermak, Embedded platform for gas applications using hardware/software co-design and RFID. IEEE Sens. J. 18(11), 4633–4642 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2018.2822711
  179. M. Ghasemi-Varnamkhasti, Z.S. Amiri, M. Tohidi, M. Dowlati, S.S. Mohtasebi, A.C. Silva, D.D.S. Fernandes, M.C.U. Araujo, Differentiation of cumin seeds using a metal-oxide based gas sensor array in tandem with chemometric tools. Talanta 176, 221–226 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2017.08.024
  180. S. Cui, J. Wang, L. Yang, J. Wu, X. Wang, Qualitative and quantitative analysis on aroma characteristics of ginseng at different ages using E-nose and GC-MS combined with chemometrics. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 102, 64–77 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2014.08.030
  181. J. Gardner, J. Yinon, Electronic Noses and Sensors for the Detection of Explosives (Springer, Netherlands, 2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2319-7
  182. C. Olguín, N. Laguarda-Miró, L. Pascual, E. García-Breijo, R. Martínez-Mañez, J. Soto, An electronic nose for the detection of Sarin, Soman and Tabun mimics and interfering agents. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 202, 31–37 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2014.05.060
  183. B. Wang, T.-P. Huynh, W. Wu, N. Hayek, T.T. Do et al., A highly sensitive diketopyrrolopyrrole-based ambipolar transistor for selective detection and discrimination of xylene isomers. Adv. Mater. 28(21), 4012–4018 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201505641
  184. R.G. Pavelko, H. Daly, M. Hübner, C. Hardacre, E. Llobet, Time-resolved DRIFTS, MS, and resistance study of SnO2 materials: the role of surface hydroxyl groups in formation of donor states. J. Phys. Chem. C 117(8), 4158–4167 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp312532u
  185. A. Oprea, N. Bârsan, U. Weimar, Work function changes in gas sensitive materials: fundamentals and applications. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 142(2), 470–493 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2009.06.043
  186. H. Feng, S. Tan, H. Tang, Q. Zheng, Y. Shi et al., Temperature- and coverage-dependent kinetics of photocatalytic reaction of methanol on TiO2 (110) − (1 × 1) surface. J. Phys. Chem. C 120(10), 5503–5514 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b12010
  187. K.R. Phillips, S.C. Jensen, M. Baron, S.-C. Li, C.M. Friend, Sequential photo-oxidation of methanol to methyl formate on TiO2(110). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135(2), 574–577 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja3106797
  188. J. Wu, H. Shan, W. Chen, X. Gu, P. Tao, C. Song, W. Shang, T. Deng, In situ environmental TEM in imaging gas and liquid phase chemical reactions for materials research. Adv. Mater. 28(44), 9686–9712 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201602519
  189. K. Kishita, T. Kamino, A. Watabe, K. Kuroda, H. Saka, In situ TEM observation of solid-gas reactions. J. Phys: Conf. Ser. 126(1), 012085 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/126/1/012085
  190. M. Yoosefian, H. Raissi, A. Mola, The hybrid of Pd and SWCNT (Pd loaded on SWCNT) as an efficient sensor for the formaldehyde molecule detection: a DFT study. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 212, 55–62 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2015.02.004
  191. V.V. Dobrokhotov, D.N. McIlroy, M.G. Norton, C.A. Berven, Transport properties of hybrid nanoparticle-nanowire systems and their application to gas sensing. Nanotechnology 17(16), 4135–4142 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/17/16/024
  192. L. Wang, R. Chai, Z. Lou, G. Shen, Highly sensitive hybrid nanofiber-based room-temperature CO sensors: experiments and density functional theory simulations. Nano Res. 11(2), 1029–1037 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-017-1718-9
  193. A. Omidvar, M. Anafcheh, N.L. Hadipour, Computational studies on carbon nanotube-graphene nanoribbon hybrids by density functional theory calculations. Sci. Iran. 20(3), 1014–1017 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scient.2013.05.018
  194. Z. Guo, N. Liao, M. Zhang, W. Xue, Theoretical approach to evaluate graphene/PANI composite as highly selective ammonia sensor. Appl. Surf. Sci. 453, 336–340 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.05.108
  195. H. Fu, X. Yang, X. An, W. Fan, X. Jiang, A. Yu, Experimental and theoretical studies of V2O5@TiO2 core-shell hybrid composites with high gas sensing performance towards ammonia. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 252, 103–115 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.05.027
  196. J. Tian, Z. Zhao, A. Kumar, R.I. Boughton, H. Liu, Recent progress in design, synthesis, and applications of one-dimensional TiO2 nanostructured surface heterostructures: a review. Chem. Soc. Rev. 43(20), 6920–6937 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/c4cs00180j
  197. D. Friedmann, A. Hakki, H. Kim, W. Choi, D. Bahnemann, Heterogeneous photocatalytic organic synthesis: state-of-the-art and future perspectives. Green Chem. 18(20), 5391–5411 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1039/c6gc01582d
  198. C. Gao, J. Wang, H. Xu, Y. Xiong, Coordination chemistry in the design of heterogeneous photocatalysts. Chem. Soc. Rev. 46(10), 2799–2823 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cs00727a
  199. K. Rajeshwar, M.E. Osugi, W. Chanmanee, C.R. Chenthamarakshan, M.V.B. Zanoni, P. Kajitvichyanukul, R. Krishnan-Ayer, Heterogeneous photocatalytic treatment of organic dyes in air and aqueous media. J. Photochem. Photobiol., C 9(4), 171–192 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2008.09.001
  200. Y. Qu, X. Duan, Progress, challenge and perspective of heterogeneous photocatalysts. Chem. Soc. Rev. 42(7), 2568–2580 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cs35355e
  201. A. Kudo, Y. Miseki, Heterogeneous photocatalyst materials for water splitting. Chem. Soc. Rev. 38(1), 253–278 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1039/b800489g
  202. Y.Y. Broza, X. Zhou, M. Yuan, D. Qu, Y. Zheng et al., Disease detection with molecular biomarkers: from chemistry of body fluids to nature-inspired chemical sensors. Chem. Rev. 119(22), 11761–11817 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00437
  203. M.-S. Yao, L.-A. Cao, Y.-X. Tang, G.-E. Wang, R.-H. Liu et al., Gas transport regulation in a MO/MOF interface for enhanced selective gas detection. J. Mater. Chem. A 7(31), 18397–18403 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/C9TA05226G
  204. M. Yao, J.-J. Zheng, A.-Q. Wu, G. Xu, S.S. Nagarkar, G. Zhang, M. Tsujimoto, S. Sakaki, S. Horike, K.-I. Otake, Dual-ligand porous coordination polymer chemiresistor with modulated conductivity and porosity. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 59(1), 172–176 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201909096
  205. M.S. Yao, J.W. Xiu, Q.Q. Huang, W.-H. Li, W.W. Wu et al., Van der Waals heterostructured MOF-on-MOF thin films: cascading functionality to realize advanced chemiresistive sensing. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 58(42), 14915–14919 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201907772
  206. X. Fang, B. Zong, S. Mao, Metal-organic framework-based sensors for environmental contaminant sensing. Nano-Micro Lett. 10(4), 64 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-018-0218-0
  207. W. Wu, B. Wang, M. Segev-Bar, W. Dou, F. Niu et al., Free-standing and eco-friendly polyaniline thin films for multifunctional sensing of physical and chemical stimuli. Adv. Funct. Mater. 27(40), 1703147 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201703147
  208. O.S. Kwon, S.J. Park, J.S. Lee, E. Park, T. Kim et al., Multidimensional conducting polymer nanotubes for ultrasensitive chemical nerve agent sensing. Nano Lett. 12(6), 2797–2802 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1021/nl204587t
  209. K. Yan, D. Zhang, Feature selection and analysis on correlated gas sensor data with recursive feature elimination. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 212, 353–363 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2015.02.025
  210. S. Cui, S. Mao, G. Lu, J. Chen, Graphene coupled with nanocrystals: opportunities and challenges for energy and sensing applications. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 4(15), 2441–2454 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1021/jz400976a31d
  211. S. Mao, G. Lu, J. Chen, Nanocarbon-based gas sensors: progress and challenges. J. Mater. Chem. A 2(16), 5573–5579 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ta13823b
  212. H.R. Estakhroyeh, E. Rashedi, M. Mehran, Design and construction of electronic nose for multi-purpose applications by sensor array arrangement using IBGSA. J. Intell. Robot. Syst. 92(2), 205–221 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-017-0759-3
  213. J.L. Herrero, J. Lozano, J.P. Santos, J.I. Suarez, On-line classification of pollutants in water using wireless portable electronic noses. Chemosphere 152, 107–116 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.106
  214. F. Chang, P. Heinemann, Prediction of human responses to dairy odor using an electronic nose and neural networks. Trans. ASABE 61(2), 399–409 (2018). https://doi.org/10.13031/trans.12177
  215. J.C. Rodriguez Gamboa, E.S. Albarracin E, A.J. da Silva, L.L. de Andrade-Lima, T.A.E. Ferreira, Wine quality rapid detection using a compact electronic nose system: application focused on spoilage thresholds by acetic acid. Lwt 108, 377–384 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2019.03.074
  216. M. Tohidi, M. Ghasemi-Varnamkhasti, V. Ghafarinia, S. Saeid Mohtasebi, M. Bonyadian, Identification of trace amounts of detergent powder in raw milk using a customized low-cost artificial olfactory system: a novel method. Measurement 124, 120–129 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2018.04.006
  217. A. Gorji-Chakespari, A.M. Nikbakht, F. Sefidkon, M. Ghasemi-Varnamkhasti, J. Brezmes, E. Llobet, Performance comparison of fuzzy ARTMAP and LDA in qualitative classification of iranian rosa damascena essential oils by an electronic nose. Sensors (Basel) 16(5), 636 (2016). https://doi.org/10.3390/s16050636
  218. W. Dong, J. Zhao, R. Hu, Y. Dong, L. Tan, Differentiation of Chinese robusta coffees according to species, using a combined electronic nose and tongue, with the aid of chemometrics. Food Chem. 229, 743–751 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.02.149
  219. A. Shahid, J.H. Choi, A. Rana, H.S. Kim, Least squares neural network-based wireless E-Nose system using an SnO2 sensor array. Sensors (Basel) 18(5), 1446 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051446
  220. L. Yao, K. Kan, Y. Lin, J. Song, J. Wang, J. Gao, P. Shen, L. Li, K. Shi, Si doped highly crystalline mesoporous In2O3 nanowires: synthesis, characterization and ultra-high response to NOx at room temperature. RSC Adv. 5(20), 15515–15523 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ra14354j
  221. K. He, Z. Jin, X. Chu, W. Bi, W. Wang, C. Wang, S. Liu, Fast response–recovery time toward acetone by a sensor prepared with Pd doped WO3 nanosheets. RSC Adv. 9(49), 28439–28450 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ra04429a
  222. L. Lv, Y. Wang, P. Cheng, B. Zhang, F. Dang, L. Xu, Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis synthesis of three-dimensional ZnFe2O4-based macroporous spheres for excellent sensitive acetone gas sensor. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 297, 126755 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.126755
  223. K. Shingange, H. Swart, G.H. Mhlongo, Ultrafast detection of low acetone concentration displayed by Au-loaded LaFeO3 nanobelts owing to synergetic effects of porous 1D morphology and catalytic activity of Au nanoparticles. ACS Omega 4(21), 19018–19029 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b01989
  224. C.-L. Hsu, B.-Y. Jhang, C. Kao, T.-J. Hsueh, UV-illumination and Au-nanoparticles enhanced gas sensing of p-type Na-doped ZnO nanowires operating at room temperature. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 274, 565–574 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2018.08.016
  225. Y. Zhang, L. Zhou, Y. Liu, D. Liu, F. Liu et al., Gas sensor based on samarium oxide loaded mulberry-shaped tin oxide for highly selective and sub ppm-level acetone detection. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 531, 74–82 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2018.07.052
  226. Y. Lu, J. Li, J. Han, H.T. Ng, C. Binder, C. Partridge, M. Meyyappan, Room temperature methane detection using palladium loaded single-walled carbon nanotube sensors. Chem. Phys. Lett. 391(4–6), 344–348 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2004.05.029
  227. H. Li, J. Xu, Y. Zhu, X. Chen, Q. Xiang, Enhanced gas sensing by assembling Pd nanoparticles onto the surface of SnO2 nanowires. Talanta 82(2), 458–463 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2010.04.053
  228. J.-Y. Kim, J.-H. Lee, J.-H. Kim, A. Mirzaei, H.W. Kim, S.S. Kim, Realization of H2S sensing by Pd-functionalized networked CuO nanowires in self-heating mode. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 299, 126965 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.126965
  229. Y. Yang, C. Tian, J. Wang, L. Sun, K. Shi, W. Zhou, H. Fu, Facile synthesis of novel 3D nanoflower-like Cu(x)O/multilayer graphene composites for room temperature NO(x) gas sensor application. Nanoscale 6(13), 7369–7378 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/c4nr00196f
  230. J. Zhang, D. Zeng, S. Zhao, J. Wu, K. Xu, Q. Zhu, G. Zhang, C. Xie, Room temperature NO2 sensing: what advantage does the rGO-NiO nanocomposite have over pristine NiO? Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 17(22), 14903–14911 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cp01987g
  231. Q. Huang, D. Zeng, H. Li, C. Xie, Room temperature formaldehyde sensors with enhanced performance, fast response and recovery based on zinc oxide quantum dots/graphene nanocomposites. Nanoscale 4(18), 5651–5658 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1039/c2nr31131c
  232. H. Wang, S. Nie, H. Li, R. Ali, J. Fu et al., 3D hollow quasi-graphite capsules/polyaniline hybrid with a high performance for room-temperature ammonia gas sensors. ACS Sens. 4(9), 2343–2350 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.9b00882
  233. M. Kooti, S. Keshtkar, M. Askarieh, A. Rashidi, Progress toward a novel methane gas sensor based on SnO2 nanorods-nanoporous graphene hybrid. Sens. Actuator. B: Chem. 281, 96–106 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2018.10.032
  234. H. Liu, W. Zhang, H. Yu, L. Gao, Z. Song et al., Solution-processed gas sensors employing SnO2 quantum dot/MWCNT nanocomposites. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 8(1), 840–846 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b10188
  235. F. Liang, S. Chen, W. Xie, C. Zou, The decoration of Nb-doped TiO2 microspheres by reduced graphene oxide for enhanced CO gas sensing. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 114, 195–200 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2017.11.001
  236. C. Zou, J. Hu, Y. Su, F. Shao, Z. Tao et al., Three-dimensional Fe3O4@reduced graphene oxide heterojunctions for high-performance room-temperature NO2 sensors. Front. Mater. 6, 00195 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2019.00195
  237. T. Jiang, P. Wan, Z. Ren, S. Yan, Anisotropic polyaniline/SWCNT composite films prepared by in situ electropolymerization on highly oriented polyethylene for high-efficiency ammonia sensor. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 11(41), 38169–38176 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b13336
  238. G.K. Ekaterina Dovgolevsky, U. Tisch, H. Haick, Monolayer-capped cubic platinum nanoparticles for sensing nonpolar analytes in highly umid atmospheres. Am. Chem. Soc. 114(33), 14042–14049 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp105810w
  239. C.H. Park, V. Schroeder, B.J. Kim, T.M. Swager, Ionic liquid-carbon nanotube sensor arrays for human breath related volatile organic compounds. ACS Sens. 3(11), 2432–2437 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.8b00987
  240. Y. Zilberman, U. Tisch, G. Shuster, W. Pisula, X. Feng, K. Mullen, H. Haick, Carbon nanotube/hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene bilayers for discrimination between nonpolar volatile organic compounds of cancer and humid atmospheres. Adv. Mater. 22(38), 4317–4320 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201001275
  241. P. Sun, Y. Cai, S. Du, X. Xu, L. You et al., Hierarchical α-Fe2O3/SnO2 semiconductor composites: hydrothermal synthesis and gas sensing properties. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 182, 336–343 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2013.03.019
  242. G. Lu, J. Xu, J. Sun, Y. Yu, Y. Zhang, F. Liu, UV-enhanced room temperature NO2 sensor using ZnO nanorods modified with SnO2 nanoparticles. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 162(1), 82–88 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2011.12.039
  243. D. Gu, X. Li, Y. Zhao, J. Wang, Enhanced NO2 sensing of SnO2/SnS2 heterojunction based sensor. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 244, 67–76 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2016.12.125
  244. C.W. Peng Sun, J. Liu, X. Zhou, X. Li, X. Hu, G. Lu, Hierarchical assembly of α-Fe2O3 nanosheets on SnO2 hollow nanospheres with enhanced ethanol sensing properties. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 7(34), 19119–19125 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b04751
  245. X. Li, C. Wang, H. Guo, P. Sun, F. Liu, X. Liang, G. Lu, Double-shell architectures of ZnFe2O4 nanosheets on ZnO hollow spheres for high-performance gas sensors. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 7(32), 17811–17818 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b04118
  246. C. Wang, X. Cheng, X. Zhou, P. Sun, X. Hu, K. Shimanoe, G. Lu, N. Yamazoe, Hierarchical α-Fe2O3/NiO composites with a hollow structure for a gas sensor. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 6(15), 12031–12307 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/am501063z
  247. K. Xu, N. Li, D. Zeng, S. Tian, S. Zhang, D. Hu, C. Xie, Interface bonds determined gas-sensing of SnO2–SnS2 hybrids to ammonia at room temperature. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 7(21), 11359–12368 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b01856
  248. C. Wu, J. Zhang, X. Wang, C. Xie, S. Shi, D. Zeng, Effect of heterointerface on NO2 sensing properties of in situ formed TiO2 QDs-decorated NiO nanosheets. Nanomaterials 9(11), 1628 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9111628
  249. X. Chang, X. Li, X. Qiao, K. Li, Y. Xiong, X. Li, T. Guo, L. Zhu, Q. Xue, Metal-organic frameworks derived ZnO@MoS nanosheets core/shell heterojunctions for ppb-level acetone detection: ultra-fast response and recovery. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 304, 127430 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.127430
  250. K.T. Alali, J. Liu, Q. Liu, R. Li, H. Zhang, K. Aljebawi, P. Liu, J. Wang, Enhanced acetone gas sensing response of ZnO/ZnCo2O4 nanotubes synthesized by single capillary electrospinning technology. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 252, 511–522 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.06.034
  251. J.H. Bang, M.S. Choi, A. Mirzaei, W. Oum, S. Han, S.S. Kim, H.W. Kim, Porous Si/SnO2 nanowires heterostructures for H2S gas sensing. Ceram. Int. 46(1), 604–611 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.09.010
  252. S. Li, A. Liu, Z. Yang, J. He, J. Wang et al., Room temperature gas sensor based on tin dioxide@ polyaniline nanocomposite assembled on flexible substrate: ppb-level detection of NH3. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 299, 126970 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.126970
  253. L. Liu, Y. Wang, Y. Dai, G. Li, S. Wang, T. Li, T. Zhang, S. Qin, In situ growth of NiO@SnO2 hierarchical nanostructures for high performance H2S sensing. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 11(47), 44829–44836 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b13001
  254. Q. Sun, J. Wang, J. Hao, S. Zheng, P. Wan, T. Wang, H. Fang, Y. Wang, SnS2/SnS p–n heterojunctions with an accumulation layer for ultrasensitive room-temperature NO2 detection. Nanoscale 11(29), 13741–13749 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nr02780g
  255. W. Zeng, Y. Liu, J. Mei, C. Tang, K. Luo, S. Li, H. Zhan, Z. He, Hierarchical SnO2–Sn3O4 heterostructural gas sensor with high sensitivity and selectivity to NO2. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 301, 127010 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.127010
  256. X. Zhou, W. Feng, C. Wang, X. Hu, X. Li, P. Sun, K. Shimanoe, N. Yamazoe, G. Lu, Porous ZnO/ZnCo2O4 hollow spheres: synthesis, characterization, and applications in gas sensing. J. Mater. Chem. A 2(41), 17683–17690 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ta04386c
  257. L. Han, D. Wang, J. Cui, L. Chen, T. Jiang, Y. Lin, Study on formaldehyde gas-sensing of In2O3-sensitized ZnO nanoflowers under visible light irradiation at room temperature. J. Mater. Chem. 22(25), 12915–12920 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1039/c2jm16105b
  258. T. Zhou, Y. Sang, X. Wang, C. Wu, D. Zeng, C. Xie, Pore size dependent gas-sensing selectivity based on ZnO@ZIF nanorod arrays. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 258, 1099–1106 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.12.024
  259. M.S. Yao, W.X. Tang, G.E. Wang, B. Nath, G. Xu, MOF thin film-coated metal oxide nanowire array: significantly improved chemiresistor sensor performance. Adv. Mater. 28(26), 5229–5234 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201506457
  260. X. Wu, S. Xiong, Z. Mao, S. Hu, X. Long, A designed ZnO@ZIF-8 core-shell nanorod film as a gas sensor with excellent selectivity for H2 over CO. Chemistry 23(33), 7969–7975 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201700320
  261. S.S. Nair, N. Illyaskutty, B. Tam, A.O. Yazaydin, K. Emmerich et al., ZnO@ZIF-8: Gas sensitive core-shell hetero-structures show reduced cross-sensitivity to humidity. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 304, 127184 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.127184
  262. P. Wang, X. Zou, H. Tan, S. Wu, L. Jiang, G. Zhu, Ultrathin ZIF-8 film containing polyoxometalate as an enhancer for selective formaldehyde sensing. J. Mater. Chem. C 6(20), 5412–5419 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/c8tc00987b
  263. H. Tian, H. Fan, M. Li, L. Ma, Zeolitic imidazolate framework coated ZnO nanorods as molecular sieving to improve selectivity of formaldehyde gas sensor. ACS Sensor 1(3), 243–250 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.5b00236
  264. M. Drobek, J.H. Kim, M. Bechelany, C. Vallicari, A. Julbe, S.S. Kim, MOF-based membrane encapsulated ZnO nanowires for enhanced gas sensor selectivity. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 8(13), 8323–8328 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b12062
  265. L. Dang, G. Zhang, K. Kan, Y. Lin, F. Bai, L. Jing, P. Shen, L. Li, K. Shi, Heterostructured Co3O4/PEI–CNTs composite: fabrication, characterization and CO gas sensors at room temperature. J. Mater. Chem. A 2(13), 4558–4565 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ta15019d
  266. X. Zhang, Y. Sun, Y. Fan, Z. Liu, Z. Zeng, H. Zhao, X. Wang, J. Xu, Effects of organotin halide perovskite and Pt nanoparticles in SnO2-based sensing materials on the detection of formaldehyde. J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Electron. 30(23), 20624–20637 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-019-02428-0
  267. S. Javanmardi, S. Nasresfahani, M.H. Sheikhi, Facile synthesis of PdO/SnO2/CuO nanocomposite with enhanced carbon monoxide gas sensing performance at low operating temperature. Mater. Res. Bull. 118, 110496 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2019.110496
  268. J.H. Lee, J.H. Kim, J.Y. Kim, A. Mirzaei, H.W. Kim, S.S. Kim, ppb-Level selective hydrogen gas detection of Pd-functionalized In2O3-loaded ZnO nanofiber gas sensors. Sensors (Basel) 19(19), 4276 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/s19194276
  269. Y. Xia, J. Wang, L. Xu, X. Li, S. Huang, A room-temperature methane sensor based on Pd-decorated ZnO/rGO hybrids enhanced by visible light photocatalysis. Sens. Actuat. B: Chem. 304, 127334 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.127334
  270. H. Tian, H. Fan, J. Ma, Z. Liu, L. Ma, S. Lei, J. Fang, C. Long, Pt-decorated zinc oxide nanorod arrays with graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for highly efficient dual-functional gas sensing. J. Hazard. Mater. 341, 102–111 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.07.056
  271. W.-C. Lu, S.S. Kumar, Y.-C. Chen, C.-M. Hsu, H.-N. Lin, Au/Cu2O/ZnO ternary nanocomposite for low concentration NO2 gas sensing at room temperature. Mater. Lett. 256, 126657 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2019.126657
  272. Y. Wei, G. Yi, Y. Xu, L. Zhou, X. Wang et al., Synthesis, characterization, and gas-sensing properties of Ag/SnO2/rGO composite by a hydrothermal method. J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Electron. 28(22), 17049–17057 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-7630-y
  273. Y. Zhou, Q. Ding, J. Li, Q. Yang, T. Wu et al., TiO2/InVO4 n–n heterojunctions for efficient ammonia gas detection and their sensing mechanisms. J. Mater. Sci. 54(21), 13660–13673 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-03868-z
  274. S. Nasresfahani, M.H. Sheikhi, M. Tohidi, A. Zarifkar, Methane gas sensing properties of Pd-doped SnO2/reduced graphene oxide synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route. Mater. Res. Bull. 89, 161–169 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2017.01.032
  275. S. Li, Y. Diao, Z. Yang, J. He, J. Wang et al., Enhanced room temperature gas sensor based on Au-loaded mesoporous In2O3 nanospheres@polyaniline core-shell nanohybrid assembled on flexible PET substrate for NH3 detection. Sens. Actuator. B: Chem. 276, 526–533 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2018.08.120
  276. B. Liu, Y. Li, L. Gao, F. Zhou, G. Duan, Ultrafine Pt NPs-decorated SnO2/α-Fe2O3 hollow nanospheres with highly enhanced sensing performances for styrene. J. Hazard. Mater. 358, 355–365 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.07.021
  277. M. Chen, H. Wang, J. Hu, Y. Zhang, K. Li et al., Near-room-temperature ethanol gas sensor based on mesoporous Ag/Zn–LaFeO3 nanocomposit
Read More
Author biographies are not available.
Download this PDF file
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 6019 Download : 4536

Most read articles by the same author(s)