Issue

Vol. 15 (2023)

Trimming the Degrees of Freedom via a K+ Flux Rectifier for Safe and Long-Life Potassium-Ion Batteries

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01178-3
Xianhui Yi
School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
Apparao M. Rao
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson Nanomaterials Institute, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
Jiang Zhou
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People’s Republic of China
Bingan Lu
School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Bingan Lu

luba2012@hnu.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 15 (2023), Article Number: 200

Abstract

High degrees of freedom (DOF) for K+ movement in the electrolytes is desirable, because the resulting high ionic conductivity helps improve potassium-ion batteries, yet requiring support from highly free and flammable organic solvent molecules, seriously affecting battery safety. Here, we develop a K+ flux rectifier to trim K ion’s DOF to 1 and improve electrochemical properties. Although the ionic conductivity is compromised in the K+ flux rectifier, the overall electrochemical performance of PIBs was improved. An oxidation stability improvement from 4.0 to 5.9 V was realized, and the formation of dendrites and the dissolution of organic cathodes were inhibited. Consequently, the K||K cells continuously cycled over 3,700 h; K||Cu cells operated stably over 800 cycles with the Coulombic efficiency exceeding 99%; and K||graphite cells exhibited high-capacity retention over 74.7% after 1,500 cycles. Moreover, the 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide organic cathodes operated for more than 2,100 cycles and reached year-scale-cycling time. We fabricated a 2.18 Ah pouch cell with no significant capacity fading observed after 100 cycles.


Highlights:
1 High Coulombic efficiency of over 99% for dendrite-free K||Cu cell after 820 cycles.
2 Year-scale-cycling performance of organic PTCDI cathode over 2,100 cycles.
3 Flexible device demonstration such as fibre cell still could operate when cut into three fibre cells.

Keywords

Electrolytes Degrees of freedom Safe Coulombic efficiency Potassium-ion batteries
Yi, Xianhui, Apparao M. Rao, Jiang Zhou, and Bingan Lu. 2023. “Trimming the Degrees of Freedom via a K+ Flux Rectifier for Safe and Long-Life Potassium-Ion Batteries”. Nano-Micro Letters 15 (August):200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01178-3.
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