Issue

Vol. 16 (2024)

Cu-Based Materials for Enhanced C2+ Product Selectivity in Photo-/Electro-Catalytic CO2 Reduction: Challenges and Prospects

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01276-2
Baker Rhimi
Institute for Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People’s Republic of China
Min Zhou
Institute for Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People’s Republic of China
Zaoxue Yan
Institute for Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People’s Republic of China
Xiaoyan Cai
School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, People’s Republic of China
Zhifeng Jiang
Institute for Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Zhifeng Jiang

jiangzf@ujs.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 16 (2024), Article Number: 64

Abstract

Carbon dioxide conversion into valuable products using photocatalysis and electrocatalysis is an effective approach to mitigate global environmental issues and the energy shortages. Among the materials utilized for catalytic reduction of CO2, Cu-based materials are highly advantageous owing to their widespread availability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, Cu-based materials demonstrate interesting abilities in the adsorption and activation of carbon dioxide, allowing the formation of C2+ compounds through C–C coupling process. Herein, the basic principles of photocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions (PCO2RR) and electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (ECO2RR) and the pathways for the generation C2+ products are introduced. This review categorizes Cu-based materials into different groups including Cu metal, Cu oxides, Cu alloys, and Cu SACs, Cu heterojunctions based on their catalytic applications. The relationship between the Cu surfaces and their efficiency in both PCO2RR and ECO2RR is emphasized. Through a review of recent studies on PCO2RR and ECO2RR using Cu-based catalysts, the focus is on understanding the underlying reasons for the enhanced selectivity toward C2+ products. Finally, the opportunities and challenges associated with Cu-based materials in the CO2 catalytic reduction applications are presented, along with research directions that can guide for the design of highly active and selective Cu-based materials for CO2 reduction processes in the future.


Highlights:
1 The latest advancements in Cu-based catalysts for photocatalytic and electrocatalytic CO2 reduction into C2+ products are reported.
2 The relationship between the Cu surfaces and their efficiency in photocatalytic and electrocatalytic CO2 reduction is emphasized.
3 The opportunities and challenges associated with Cu-based materials in the CO2 catalytic reduction applications are presented.

Keywords

Photocatalytic CO2 reduction Cu-based materials Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction
Rhimi, Baker, Min Zhou, Zaoxue Yan, Xiaoyan Cai, and Zhifeng Jiang. 2024. “Cu-Based Materials for Enhanced C2+ Product Selectivity in Photo-/Electro-Catalytic CO2 Reduction: Challenges and Prospects”. Nano-Micro Letters 16 (January):64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01276-2.
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
References
  1. J. Xie, R. Jin, A. Li, Y. Bi, Q. Ruan et al., Highly selective oxidation of methane to methanol at ambient conditions by titanium dioxide-supported iron species. Nat. Catal. 1, 889–896 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-018-0170-x
  2. S. Yao, X. Zhang, W. Zhou, R. Gao, W. Xu et al., Atomic-layered Au clusters on α-MoC as catalysts for the low-temperature water-gas shift reaction. Science 357, 389–393 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aah4321
  3. E. Gong, S. Ali, C.B. Hiragond, H.S. Kim, N.S. Powar et al., Solar fuels: research and development strategies to accelerate photocatalytic CO2 conversion into hydrocarbon fuels. Energy Environ. Sci. 15, 880–937 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EE02714J
  4. S.I. Seneviratne, M.G. Donat, A.J. Pitman, R. Knutti, R.L. Wilby, Allowable CO2 emissions based on regional and impact-related climate targets. Nature 529, 477–483 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16542
  5. M. Forkel, N. Carvalhais, C. Rödenbeck, R. Keeling, M. Heimann et al., Enhanced seasonal CO2 exchange caused by amplified plant productivity in northern ecosystems. Science 351, 696–699 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac4971
  6. Z.-J. Wang, H. Song, H. Liu, J. Ye, Coupling of solar energy and thermal energy for carbon dioxide reduction: status and prospects. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 59, 8016–8035 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201907443
  7. G.H. Han, J. Bang, G. Park, S. Choe, Y.J. Jang et al., Recent advances in electrochemical, photochemical, and photoelectrochemical reduction of CO2 to C2+ products. Small 19, 2205765 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202205765
  8. X. Li, J. Wang, X. Lv, Y. Yang, Y. Xu et al., Hetero-interfaces on Cu electrode for enhanced electrochemical conversion of CO2 to multi-carbon products. Nano-Micro Lett. 14, 134 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-022-00879-5
  9. C. Wang, Z. Sun, Y. Zheng, Y.H. Hu, Recent progress in visible light photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide. J. Mater. Chem. A 7, 865–887 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TA09865D
  10. Y. Gao, K. Qian, B. Xu, Z. Li, J. Zheng et al., Recent advances in visible-light-driven conversion of CO2 by photocatalysts into fuels or value-added chemicals. Carbon Resour. Convers. 3, 46–59 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crcon.2020.02.003
  11. J. Albero, Y. Peng, H. García, Photocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2+ products. ACS Catal. 10, 5734–5749 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c00478
  12. S. Nitopi, E. Bertheussen, S.B. Scott, X. Liu, A.K. Engstfeld et al., Progress and perspectives of electrochemical CO2 reduction on copper in aqueous electrolyte. Chem. Rev. 119, 7610–7672 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00705
  13. M. Jouny, W. Luc, F. Jiao, General techno-economic analysis of CO2 electrolysis systems. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 57, 2165–2177 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03514
  14. Q. Lu, F. Jiao, Electrochemical CO2 reduction: electrocatalyst, reaction mechanism, and process engineering. Nano Energy 29, 439–456 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.04.009
  15. E. Vahidzadeh, S. Zeng, A.P. Manuel, S. Riddell, P. Kumar et al., Asymmetric multipole plasmon-mediated catalysis shifts the product selectivity of CO2 photoreduction toward C2+ products. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 13, 7248–7258 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c21067
  16. X. Wu, Y. Li, G. Zhang, H. Chen, J. Li et al., Photocatalytic CO2 conversion of M0.33WO3 directly from the air with high selectivity: insight into full spectrum-induced reaction mechanism. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141, 5267–5274 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b12928
  17. X. Li, J. Wang, X. Lv, Y. Yang, Y. Xu et al., Hetero-interfaces on Cu electrode for enhanced electrochemical conversion of CO2 to multi-carbon products. Nanomicro Lett. 14, 134 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-022-00879-5
  18. V.S.S. Mosali, X. Zhang, Y. Liang, L. Li, G. Puxty et al., CdS-enhanced ethanol selectivity in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction at sulfide-derived Cu–Cd. Chemsuschem 14, 2924–2934 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202100903
  19. D. Zang, Q. Li, G. Dai, M. Zeng, Y. Huang et al., Interface engineering of Mo8/Cu heterostructures toward highly selective electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into acetate. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 281, 119426 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.119426
  20. M.G. Méndez-Medrano, E. Kowalska, B. Ohtani, D. Bahena Uribe, C. Colbeau-Justin et al., Heterojunction of CuO nanoclusters with TiO2 for photo-oxidation of organic compounds and for hydrogen production. J. Chem. Phys. 153, 034705 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0015277
  21. Y. Song, M. Ichimura, H2O2 treatment of electrochemically deposited Cu2O thin films for enhancing optical absorption. Int. J. Photoenergy 2013, 738063 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/738063
  22. C.-F. Li, R.-T. Guo, Z.-R. Zhang, T. Wu, W.-G. Pan, Converting CO2 into value-added products by Cu2O-based catalysts: from photocatalysis, electrocatalysis to photoelectrocatalysis. Small 19, 2207875 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202207875
  23. W. Wang, L. Wang, W. Su, Y. Xing, Photocatalytic CO2 reduction over copper-based materials: a review. J. CO2 Util. 61, 102056 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102056
  24. D.D. Zhu, J.L. Liu, S.Z. Qiao, Recent advances in inorganic heterogeneous electrocatalysts for reduction of carbon dioxide. Adv. Mater. 28, 3423–3452 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201504766
  25. Y. Lum, T. Cheng, W.A. Goddard 3rd., J.W. Ager, Electrochemical CO reduction builds solvent water into oxygenate products. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 140, 9337–9340 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b03986
  26. Y.Y. Birdja, E. Pérez-Gallent, M.C. Figueiredo, A.J. Göttle, F. Calle-Vallejo et al., Advances and challenges in understanding the electrocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to fuels. Nat. Energy 4, 732–745 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-019-0450-y
  27. W. Wang, C. Deng, S. Xie, Y. Li, W. Zhang et al., Photocatalytic C–C coupling from carbon dioxide reduction on copper oxide with mixed-valence copper(I)/copper(II). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 143, 2984–2993 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.1c00206
  28. F. Chang, M. Xiao, R. Miao, Y. Liu, M. Ren et al., Copper-based catalysts for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction to multicarbon products. Electrochem. Energy Rev. 5, 4 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41918-022-00139-5
  29. M.K. Birhanu, M.-C. Tsai, A.W. Kahsay, C.-T. Chen, T.S. Zeleke et al., Copper and copper-based bimetallic catalysts for carbon dioxide electroreduction. Adv. Mater. Interfaces 5, 1800919 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201800919
  30. A. Bagger, W. Ju, A.S. Varela, P. Strasser, J. Rossmeisl, Electrochemical CO2 reduction: a classification problem. ChemPhysChem 18, 3266–3273 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201700736
  31. O. Zoubir, L. Atourki, H. Ait Ahsaine, A. BaQais, Current state of copper-based bimetallic materials for electrochemical CO2 reduction: a review. RSC Adv. 12, 30056–30075 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RA05385C
  32. W. Fu, Z. Liu, T. Wang, J. Liang, S. Duan et al., Promoting C2+ production from electrochemical CO2 reduction on shape-controlled cuprous oxide nanocrystals with high-index facets. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 8, 15223–15229 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c04873
  33. B. Liu, X. Yao, Z. Zhang, C. Li, J. Zhang et al., Synthesis of Cu2O nanostructures with tunable crystal facets for electrochemical CO2 reduction to alcohols. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 13, 39165–39177 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c03850
  34. X. Yuan, S. Chen, D. Cheng, L. Li, W. Zhu et al., Controllable Cu0-Cu+ sites for electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 60, 15344–15347 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202105118
  35. K. Yang, Z. Yang, C. Zhang, Y. Gu, J. Wei et al., Recent advances in CdS-based photocatalysts for CO2 photocatalytic conversion. Chem. Eng. J. 418, 129344 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.129344
  36. M.Q. Yang, M. Gao, M. Hong, G.W. Ho, Visible-to-NIR photon harvesting: progressive engineering of catalysts for solar-powered environmental purification and fuel production. Adv. Mater. 30, e1802894 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201802894
  37. X. Zhang, F. Han, B. Shi, S. Farsinezhad, G.P. Dechaine et al., Photocatalytic conversion of diluted CO2 into light hydrocarbons using periodically modulated multiwalled nanotube arrays. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 51, 12732–12735 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201205619
  38. S. Yan, J. Wang, H. Gao, N. Wang, H. Yu et al., An ion-exchange phase transformation to ZnGa2O4 nanocube towards efficient solar fuel synthesis. Adv. Funct. Mater. 23, 758–763 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201202042
  39. L. Chen, M. Sun, J. Meng, B. Chu, X. Xie et al., Control of charge transfer direction by spatial engineering of redox active centers for boosting photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Appl. Surf. Sci. 637, 157948 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2023.157948
  40. S. Verma, X. Lu, S. Ma, R.I. Masel, P.J.A. Kenis, The effect of electrolyte composition on the electroreduction of CO2 to CO on Ag based gas diffusion electrodes. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 18, 7075–7084 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cp05665a
  41. C.M. Gabardo, A. Seifitokaldani, J.P. Edwards, C.-T. Dinh, T. Burdyny et al., Combined high alkalinity and pressurization enable efficient CO2 electroreduction to CO. Energy Environ. Sci. 11, 2531–2539 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE01684D
  42. J. Wicks, M.L. Jue, V.A. Beck, J.S. Oakdale, N.A. Dudukovic et al., 3D-printable fluoropolymer gas diffusion layers for CO2 electroreduction. Adv. Mater. 33, e2003855 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202003855
  43. F.P. García de Arquer, C.-T. Dinh, A. Ozden, J. Wicks, C. McCallum et al., CO2 electrolysis to multicarbon products at activities greater than 1 A cm–2. Science 367, 661–666 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aay4217
  44. G. Díaz-Sainz, M. Alvarez-Guerra, A. Irabien, Continuous electroreduction of CO2 towards formate in gas-phase operation at high current densities with an anion exchange membrane. J. CO2 Util. 56, 101822 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101822
  45. W. Lee, Y.E. Kim, M.H. Youn, S.K. Jeong, K.T. Park, Catholyte-free electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to formate. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 57, 6883–6887 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201803501
  46. H.-K. Lim, H. Shin, W.A. Goddard 3rd., Y.J. Hwang, B.K. Min et al., Embedding covalency into metal catalysts for efficient electrochemical conversion of CO2. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136, 11355–11361 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja503782w
  47. K.A. Adegoke, R.O. Adegoke, A.O. Ibrahim, S.A. Adegoke, O.S. Bello, Electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 to hydrocarbon and alcohol products: realities and prospects of Cu-based materials. Sustain. Mater. Technol. 25, e00200 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2020.e00200
  48. U.J. Etim, C. Zhang, Z. Zhong, Impacts of the catalyst structures on CO2 activation on catalyst surfaces. Nanomaterials 11, 3265 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11123265
  49. X. Chang, T. Wang, J. Gong, CO2 photo-reduction: insights into CO2 activation and reaction on surfaces of photocatalysts. Energy Environ. Sci. 9, 2177–2196 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1039/C6EE00383D
  50. Megha, K. Mondal, A. Banerjee, T.K. Ghanty, Adsorption and activation of CO2 on Zrn (n = 2–7) clusters. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 22, 16877–16886 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/d0cp02505d
  51. S.N. Habisreutinger, L. Schmidt-Mende, J.K. Stolarczyk, Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 on TiO2 and other semiconductors. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52, 7372–7408 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201207199
  52. J. Li, S.U. Abbas, H. Wang, Z. Zhang, W. Hu, Recent advances in interface engineering for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction. Nano-Micro Lett. 13, 216 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-021-00738-9
  53. W. Tu, Y. Zhou, Z. Zou, Photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into renewable hydrocarbon fuels: state-of-the-art accomplishment, challenges, and prospects. Adv. Mater. 26, 4607–4626 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201400087
  54. J. Fu, K. Jiang, X. Qiu, J. Yu, M. Liu, Product selectivity of photocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions. Mater. Today 32, 222–243 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2019.06.009
  55. S. Samanta, R. Srivastava, Catalytic conversion of CO2 to chemicals and fuels. Mater. Adv. 1, 1506–1545 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/D0MA00293C
  56. Megha, A. Banerjee, T.K. Ghanty, Role of metcar on the adsorption and activation of carbon dioxide: a DFT study. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 23, 5559–5570 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1039/d0cp05756h
  57. J. Jia, C. Qian, Y. Dong, Y.F. Li, H. Wang et al., Heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 by metal oxides: defect engineering–perfecting imperfection. Chem. Soc. Rev. 46, 4631–4644 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CS00026J
  58. A.K. Mishra, A. Roldan, N.H. de Leeuw, CuO surfaces and CO2 activation: a dispersion-corrected DFT+U study. J. Phys. Chem. C 120, 2198–2214 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b10431
  59. J. Lee, D.C. Sorescu, X. Deng, Electron-induced dissociation of CO2 on TiO2(110). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 10066–10069 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja204077e
  60. W. Chu, Q. Zheng, O.V. Prezhdo, J. Zhao, CO2 photoreduction on metal oxide surface is driven by transient capture of hot electrons: Ab initio quantum dynamics simulation. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 142, 3214–3221 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b13280
  61. S. Huygh, A. Bogaerts, E.C. Neyts, How oxygen vacancies activate CO2 dissociation on TiO2 anatase (001). J. Phys. Chem. C 120, 21659–21669 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b07459
  62. Z. Cheng, B.J. Sherman, C.S. Lo, Carbon dioxide activation and dissociation on ceria (110): a density functional theory study. J. Chem. Phys. 138, 014702 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4773248
  63. P. Gao, S. Li, X. Bu, S. Dang, Z. Liu et al., Direct conversion of CO2 into liquid fuels with high selectivity over a bifunctional catalyst. Nat. Chem. 9, 1019–1024 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.2794
  64. L. Liu, W. Fan, X. Zhao, H. Sun, P. Li et al., Surface dependence of CO2 adsorption on Zn2GeO4. Langmuir 28, 10415–10424 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1021/la301679h
  65. H. Chen, T. Fan, Y. Ji, CO2 reduction mechanism on the Cu2O(110) surface: a first-principles study. ChemPhysChem 24, e202300047 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.202300047
  66. L.I. Bendavid, E.A. Carter, CO2 adsorption on Cu2O(111): a DFT+U and DFT-D study. J. Phys. Chem. C 117, 26048–26059 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp407468t
  67. Z. Gu, N. Yang, P. Han, M. Kuang, B. Mei et al., Oxygen vacancy tuning toward efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2H4. Small Methods 3, 1800449 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.201800449
  68. C. Hiragond, S. Ali, S. Sorcar, Su-Il In, Hierarchical nanostructured photocatalysts for CO2 photoreduction. Catalysts 9, 370 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9040370
  69. H. Molavi, A. Eskandari, A. Shojaei, S.A. Mousavi, Enhancing CO2/N2 adsorption selectivity via post-synthetic modification of NH2-UiO-66(Zr). Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 257, 193–201 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2017.08.043
  70. X. Ma, L. Li, R. Chen, C. Wang, H. Li et al., Heteroatom-doped nanoporous carbon derived from MOF-5 for CO2 capture. Appl. Surf. Sci. 435, 494–502 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.11.069
  71. R. Zhao, P. Ding, P. Wei, L. Zhang, Q. Liu et al., Recent progress in electrocatalytic methanation of CO2 at ambient conditions. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31, 2009449 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202009449
  72. J.T. Feaster, C. Shi, E.R. Cave, T. Hatsukade, D.N. Abram et al., Understanding selectivity for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to formic acid and carbon monoxide on metal electrodes. ACS Catal. 7, 4822–4827 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.7b00687
  73. J. Santatiwongchai, K. Faungnawakij, P. Hirunsit, Comprehensive mechanism of CO2 electroreduction toward ethylene and ethanol: the solvent effect from explicit water–Cu(100) interface models. ACS Catal. 11, 9688–9701 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.1c01486
  74. A.J. Garza, A.T. Bell, M. Head-Gordon, Mechanism of CO2 reduction at copper surfaces: pathways to C2 products. ACS Catal. 8, 1490–1499 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.7b03477
  75. Z. Sun, T. Ma, H. Tao, Q. Fan, B. Han, Fundamentals and challenges of electrochemical CO2 reduction using two-dimensional materials. Chem 3, 560–587 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2017.09.009
  76. S. Pablo-García, F.L.P. Veenstra, L.R.L. Ting, R. García-Muelas, F. Dattila et al., Mechanistic routes toward C3 products in copper-catalysed CO2 electroreduction. Catal. Sci. Technol. 12, 409–417 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1039/d1cy01423d
  77. G.M. Tomboc, S. Choi, T. Kwon, Y.J. Hwang, K. Lee, Potential link between Cu surface and selective CO2 electroreduction: perspective on future electrocatalyst designs. Adv. Mater. 32, e1908398 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201908398
  78. N.J. Azhari, N. Nurdini, S. Mardiana, T. Ilmi, A.T.N. Fajar et al., Zeolite-based catalyst for direct conversion of CO2 to C2+ hydrocarbon: a review. J. CO2 Util. 59, 101969 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2022.101969
  79. L. Liao, G. Xie, X. Xie, N. Zhang, Advances in modulating the activity and selectivity of photocatalytic CO2 reduction to multicarbon products. J. Phys. Chem. C 127, 2766–2781 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c08963
  80. M.E. Aguirre, R. Zhou, A.J. Eugene, M.I. Guzman, M.A. Grela, Cu2O/TiO2 heterostructures for CO2 reduction through a direct Z-scheme: protecting Cu2O from photocorrosion. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 217, 485–493 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.05.058
  81. S. Rej, M. Bisetto, A. Naldoni, P. Fornasiero, Well-defined Cu2O photocatalysts for solar fuels and chemicals. J. Mater. Chem. A 9, 5915–5951 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TA10181H
  82. L. Yu, G. Li, X. Zhang, X. Ba, G. Shi et al., Enhanced activity and stability of carbon-decorated cuprous oxide mesoporous nanorods for CO2 reduction in artificial photosynthesis. ACS Catal. 6, 6444–6454 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.6b01455
  83. H. Huo, D. Liu, H. Feng, Z. Tian, X. Liu et al., Double-shelled Cu2O/MnOx mesoporous hollow structure for CO2 photoreduction with enhanced stability and activity. Nanoscale 12, 13912–13917 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/D0NR02944K
  84. L. Cui, L. Hu, Q. Shen, X. Liu, H. Jia et al., Three-dimensional porous Cu2O with dendrite for efficient photocatalytic reduction of CO2 under visible light. Appl. Surf. Sci. 581, 152343 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.152343
  85. S. Wang, X. Bai, Q. Li, Y. Ouyang, L. Shi et al., Selective visible-light driven highly efficient photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to C2H5OH by two-dimensional Cu2S monolayers. Nanoscale Horiz. 6, 661–668 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1039/d1nh00196e
  86. H. Park, H.-H. Ou, A.J. Colussi, M.R. Hoffmann, Artificial photosynthesis of C1–C3 hydrocarbons from water and CO2 on titanate nanotubes decorated with nanop elemental copper and CdS quantum dots. J. Phys. Chem. A 119, 4658–4666 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp511329d
  87. P. Li, L. Liu, W. An, H. Wang, H. Guo et al., Ultrathin porous g-C3N4 nanosheets modified with AuCu alloy nanops and C–C coupling photothermal catalytic reduction of CO2 to ethanol. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 266, 118618 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.118618
  88. Y. Yu, X.-A. Dong, P. Chen, Q. Geng, H. Wang et al., Synergistic effect of Cu single atoms and Au–Cu alloy nanops on TiO2 for efficient CO2 photoreduction. ACS Nano 15, 14453–14464 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.1c03961
  89. S. Sorcar, Y. Hwang, J. Lee, H. Kim, K.M. Grimes et al., CO2, water, and sunlight to hydrocarbon fuels: a sustained sunlight to fuel (Joule-to-Joule) photoconversion efficiency of 1%. Energy Environ. Sci. 12, 2685–2696 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/C9EE00734B
  90. Y. Zhang, B. Xia, J. Ran, K. Davey, S.Z. Qiao, Atomic-level reactive sites for semiconductor-based photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Adv. Energy Mater. 10, 1903879 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201903879
  91. J. Zhang, S. Yuan, J. Lin, Cd1–xZnxS nanorod solid solutions with sulfur vacancies as effective electron traps for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. J. Phys. Chem. C 125, 25600–25607 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c08457
  92. P. Xia, M. Antonietti, B. Zhu, T. Heil, J. Yu et al., Designing defective crystalline carbon nitride to enable selective CO2 photoreduction in the gas phase. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29, 1900093 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201900093
  93. J. Wang, C. Yang, L. Mao, X. Cai, Z. Geng et al., Regulating the metallic Cu–Ga bond by S vacancy for improved photocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2H4. Adv. Funct. Mater. 33, 2213901 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202213901
  94. C. Gao, J. Low, R. Long, T. Kong, J. Zhu et al., Heterogeneous single-atom photocatalysts: fundamentals and applications. Chem. Rev. 120, 12175–12216 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00840
  95. M.B. Gawande, K. Ariga, Y. Yamauchi, Single-atom catalysts. Small 17, 2101584 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202101584
  96. Y. Xia, M. Sayed, L. Zhang, B. Cheng, J. Yu, Single-atom heterogeneous photocatalysts. Chem. Catal. 1, 1173–1214 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.checat.2021.08.009
  97. C.B. Hiragond, N.S. Powar, J. Lee, S.-I. In, Single-atom catalysts (SACs) for photocatalytic CO2 reduction with H2O: activity, product selectivity, stability, and surface chemistry. Small 18, 2201428 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202201428
  98. A. Zhang, M. Zhou, S. Liu, M. Chai, S. Jiang, Synthesis of single-atom catalysts through top-down atomization approaches. Front. Catal. 1, 754167 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3389/fctls.2021.754167
  99. X. Tan, H. Li, S. Yang, Single-atom catalysts-enabled reductive upgrading of CO2. ChemCatChem 13, 4859–4877 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.202100966
  100. W. Xie, K. Li, X.-H. Liu, X. Zhang, H. Huang, P-mediated Cu–N4 sites in carbon nitride realizing CO2 photoreduction to C2 H4 with selectivity modulation. Adv. Mater. 35, e2208132 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202208132
  101. G. Wang, C.-T. He, R. Huang, J. Mao, D. Wang et al., Photoinduction of Cu single atoms decorated on UiO-66-NH2 for enhanced photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to liquid fuels. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 142, 19339–19345 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c09599
  102. R. Xu, D.-H. Si, S.-S. Zhao, Q.-J. Wu, X.-S. Wang et al., Tandem photocatalysis of CO2 to C2H4 via a synergistic rhenium-(I) bipyridine/copper-porphyrinic triazine framework. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 145, 8261–8270 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.3c02370
  103. N. Li, B. Wang, Y. Si, F. Xue, J. Zhou et al., Toward high-value hydrocarbon generation by photocatalytic reduction of CO2 in water vapor. ACS Catal. 9, 5590–5602 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.9b00223
  104. H. Shi, H. Wang, Y. Zhou, J. Li, P. Zhai et al., Atomically dispersed indium-copper dual-metal active sites promoting C–C coupling for CO2 photoreduction to ethanol. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 61, e202208904 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202208904
  105. T. Wang, L. Chen, C. Chen, M. Huang, Y. Huang et al., Engineering catalytic interfaces in Cuδ+/CeO2–TiO2 photocatalysts for synergistically boosting CO2 reduction to ethylene. ACS Nano 16, 2306–2318 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.1c08505
  106. D. Zeng, H. Wang, X. Zhu, H. Cao, W. Wang et al., Photocatalytic conversion of CO2 to acetic acid by CuPt/WO3: chloride enhanced C–C coupling mechanism. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 323, 122177 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2022.122177
  107. Y. Shen, C. Ren, L. Zheng, X. Xu, R. Long et al., Room-temperature photosynthesis of propane from CO2 with Cu single atoms on vacancy-rich TiO2. Nat. Commun. 14, 1117 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36778-5
  108. J.J. Plata, J. Graciani, J. Evans, J.A. Rodriguez, J.F. Sanz, Cu deposited on CeOx-modified TiO2(110): synergistic effects at the metal–oxide interface and the mechanism of the WGS reaction. ACS Catal. 6, 4608–4615 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.6b00948
  109. J. Yang, Y. Huang, H. Qi, C. Zeng, Q. Jiang et al., Modulating the strong metal-support interaction of single-atom catalysts via vicinal structure decoration. Nat. Commun. 13, 4244 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31966-1
  110. T. Pu, W. Zhang, M. Zhu, Engineering heterogeneous catalysis with strong metal–support interactions: characterization, theory and manipulation. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 62, e202212278 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202212278
  111. S. Yu, P.K. Jain, Plasmonic photosynthesis of C1–C3 hydrocarbons from carbon dioxide assisted by an ionic liquid. Nat. Commun. 10, 2022 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10084-5
  112. H. Zhang, X. Chang, J.G. Chen, W.A. Goddard 3rd., B. Xu et al., Computational and experimental demonstrations of one-pot tandem catalysis for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction to methane. Nat. Commun. 10, 3340 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11292-9
  113. D.-L. Meng, M.-D. Zhang, D.-H. Si, M.-J. Mao, Y. Hou et al., Highly selective tandem electroreduction of CO2 to ethylene over atomically isolated nickel-nitrogen site/copper nanop catalysts. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 60, 25485–25492 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202111136
  114. T. Zhang, J.C. Bui, Z. Li, A.T. Bell, A.Z. Weber et al., Highly selective and productive reduction of carbon dioxide to multicarbon products via in situ CO management using segmented tandem electrodes. Nat. Catal. 5, 202–211 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-022-00751-0
  115. F. Zhang, Y.-H. Li, M.-Y. Qi, Z.-R. Tang, Y.-J. Xu, Boosting the activity and stability of Ag-Cu2O/ZnO nanorods for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 268, 118380 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.118380
  116. Z. Jiang, W. Wan, H. Li, S. Yuan, H. Zhao, P.K. Wong, A hierarchical Z-scheme α-Fe2O3/g-C3N4 hybrid for enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Adv. Mater. 30(10), 1706108 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201706108
  117. B. Wang, J. Zhao, H. Chen, Y.-X. Weng, H. Tang et al., Unique Z-scheme carbonized polymer dots/Bi4O5Br2 hybrids for efficiently boosting photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 293, 120182 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2021.120182
  118. C.-Y. Wu, C.-J. Lee, Y.-H. Yu, H.-W. Tsao, Y.-H. Su et al., Efficacious CO2 photoconversion to C2 and C3 hydrocarbons on upright SnS–SnS2 heterojunction nanosheet frameworks. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 13, 4984–4992 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c18420
  119. I. Shown, H.C. Hsu, Y.C. Chang, C.H. Lin, P.K. Roy et al., Highly efficient visible light photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to hydrocarbon fuels by Cu-nanop decorated graphene oxide. Nano Lett. 14, 6097–6103 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/nl503609v
  120. H. Ge, B. Zhang, H. Liang, M. Zhang, K. Fang et al., Photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into light olefins over TiO2 nanotube confined Cu clusters with high ratio of Cu+. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 263, 118133 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.118133
  121. L. Zhang, T. Liu, T. Liu, S. Hussain, Q. Li et al., Improving photocatalytic performance of defective titania for carbon dioxide photoreduction by Cu cocatalyst with SCN- ion modification. Chem. Eng. J. 463, 142358 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.142358
  122. A.E. Nogueira, G.T.S.T. Silva, J.A. Oliveira, O.F. Lopes, J.A. Torres et al., CuO decoration controls Nb2O5 photocatalyst selectivity in CO2 reduction. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 3, 7629–7636 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.0c01047
  123. H. Du, X. Gao, Q. Ma, X. Yang, T.-S. Zhao, Cu/PCN metal-semiconductor heterojunction by thermal reduction for photoreaction of CO2-aerated H2O to CH3OH and C2H5OH. ACS Omega 7, 16817–16826 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c01827
  124. H. Du, Q. Ma, X. Gao, T.-S. Zhao, Cu/ZnV2O4 heterojunction interface promoted methanol and ethanol generation from CO2 and H2O under UV–vis light irradiation. ACS Omega 7, 7278–7286 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c07108
  125. S. Xie, Y. Li, B. Sheng, W. Zhang, W. Wang et al., Self-reconstruction of paddle-wheel copper-node to facilitate the photocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethane. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 310, 121320 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2022.121320
  126. N. Li, X. Liu, J. Zhou, W. Chen, M. Liu, Encapsulating CuO quantum dots in MIL-125(Ti) coupled with g-C3N4 for efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Chem. Eng. J. 399, 125782 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.125782
  127. X. Yu, V.V. Ordomsky, A.Y. Khodakov, Selective deposition of cobalt and copper oxides on BiVO4 facets for enhancement of CO2 photocatalytic reduction to hydrocarbons. ChemCatChem 12, 740–749 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201901115
  128. J. Cai, Y. Xiao, Y. Tursun, A. Abulizi, Z-type heterojunction of Cu2O-modified layered BiOI composites with superior photocatalytic performance for CO2 reduction. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 149, 106891 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2022.106891
  129. D. Kim, C.S. Kley, Y. Li, P. Yang, Copper nanop ensembles for selective electroreduction of CO2 to C2–C3 products. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 114, 10560–10565 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1711493114
  130. B. Yang, L. Chen, S. Xue, H. Sun, K. Feng et al., Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to alcohols by modulating the molecular geometry and Cu coordination in bicentric copper complexes. Nat. Commun. 13, 5122 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32740-z
  131. C.W. Li, M.W. Kanan, CO2 reduction at low overpotential on Cu electrodes resulting from the reduction of thick Cu2O films. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 7231–7234 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja3010978
  132. Y. Song, R. Peng, D.K. Hensley, P.V. Bonnesen, L. Liang et al., High-selectivity electrochemical conversion of CO2 to ethanol using a copper nanop/N-doped graphene electrode. ChemistrySelect 1, 6055–6061 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.201601169
  133. C. Reller, R. Krause, E. Volkova, B. Schmid, S. Neubauer et al., Selective electroreduction of CO2 toward ethylene on nano dendritic copper catalysts at high current density. Adv. Energy Mater. 7, 1602114 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201602114
  134. D. Ren, Y. Deng, A.D. Handoko, C.S. Chen, S. Malkhandi et al., Selective electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene and ethanol on copper(I) oxide catalysts. ACS Catal. 5, 2814–2821 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/cs502128q
  135. K.P. Kuhl, E.R. Cave, D.N. Abram, T.F. Jaramillo, New insights into the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide on metallic copper surfaces. Energy Environ. Sci. 5, 7050–7059 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1039/C2EE21234J
  136. K.L. Bae, J. Kim, C.K. Lim, K.M. Nam, H. Song, Colloidal zinc oxide-copper(I) oxide nanocatalysts for selective aqueous photocatalytic carbon dioxide conversion into methane. Nat. Commun. 8, 1156 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01165-4
  137. A.S. Varela, M. Kroschel, T. Reier, P. Strasser, Controlling the selectivity of CO2 electroreduction on copper: the effect of the electrolyte concentration and the importance of the local pH. Catal. Today 260, 8–13 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2015.06.009
  138. C.T. Dinh, T. Burdyny, M.G. Kibria, A. Seifitokaldani, C.M. Gabardo et al., CO2 electroreduction to ethylene via hydroxide-mediated copper catalysis at an abrupt interface. Science 360, 783–787 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aas9100
  139. K.D. Yang, W.R. Ko, J.H. Lee, S.J. Kim, H. Lee et al., Morphology-directed selective production of ethylene or ethane from CO2 on a Cu mesopore electrode. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 56, 796–800 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201610432
  140. A.S. Varela, W. Ju, T. Reier, P. Strasser, Tuning the catalytic activity and selectivity of Cu for CO2 electroreduction in the presence of halides. ACS Catal. 6, 2136–2144 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5b02550
  141. Y. Lum, B. Yue, P. Lobaccaro, A.T. Bell, J.W. Ager, Optimizing C–C coupling on oxide-derived copper catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction. J. Phys. Chem. C 121, 14191–14203 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b03673
  142. W. Luo, X. Nie, M.J. Janik, A. Asthagiri, Facet dependence of CO2 reduction paths on Cu electrodes. ACS Catal. 6, 219–229 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5b01967
  143. T. Cheng, H. Xiao, W.A. Goddard 3rd., Full atomistic reaction mechanism with kinetics for CO reduction on Cu(100) from ab initio molecular dynamics free-energy calculations at 298 K. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 114, 1795–1800 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1612106114
  144. W. Tang, A.A. Peterson, A.S. Varela, Z.P. Jovanov, L. Bech et al., The importance of surface morphology in controlling the selectivity of polycrystalline copper for CO2 electroreduction. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 14, 76–81 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cp22700a
  145. A. Eilert, F. Cavalca, F.S. Roberts, J. Osterwalder, C. Liu et al., Subsurface oxygen in oxide-derived copper electrocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 8, 285–290 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02273
  146. R. Yang, J. Duan, P. Dong, Q. Wen, M. Wu et al., In situ halogen-ion leaching regulates multiple sites on tandem catalysts for efficient CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 61, e202116706 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202116706
  147. B. Deng, M. Huang, K. Li, X. Zhao, Q. Geng et al., Crystal plane is not the key factor for CO2-to-methane electrosynthesis on reconstructed Cu2O microps. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 61, 202114080 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202114080
  148. P. De Luna, R. Quintero-Bermudez, C.-T. Dinh, M.B. Ross, O.S. Bushuyev et al., Catalyst electro-redeposition controls morphology and oxidation state for selective carbon dioxide reduction. Nat. Catal. 1, 103–110 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-017-0018-9
  149. Y. Hori, I. Takahashi, O. Koga, N. Hoshi, Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide at various series of copper single crystal electrodes. J. Mol. Catal. A Chem. 199, 39–47 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1381-1169(03)00016-5
  150. F.S. Roberts, K.P. Kuhl, A. Nilsson, High selectivity for ethylene from carbon dioxide reduction over copper nanocube electrocatalysts. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 54, 5179–5182 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201412214
  151. A. Loiudice, P. Lobaccaro, E.A. Kamali, T. Thao, B.H. Huang et al., Tailoring copper nanocrystals towards C2 products in electrochemical CO2 reduction. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 128, 5883–5886 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201601582
  152. M. Ma, K. Djanashvili, W.A. Smith, Controllable hydrocarbon formation from the electrochemical reduction of CO2 over Cu nanowire arrays. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 55, 6680–6684 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201601282
  153. Z. Wang, G. Yang, Z. Zhang, M. Jin, Y. Yin, Selectivity on etching: creation of high-energy facets on copper nanocrystals for CO2 electrochemical reduction. ACS Nano 10, 4559–4564 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b00602
  154. H. Xiao, W.A. Goddard 3rd., T. Cheng, Y. Liu, Cu metal embedded in oxidized matrix catalyst to promote CO2 activation and CO dimerization for electrochemical reduction of CO2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 114, 6685–6688 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1702405114
  155. H. Mistry, A.S. Varela, C.S. Bonifacio, I. Zegkinoglou, I. Sinev et al., Highly selective plasma-activated copper catalysts for carbon dioxide reduction to ethylene. Nat. Commun. 7, 12123 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12123
  156. H. Jung, S.Y. Lee, C.W. Lee, M.K. Cho, D.H. Won et al., Electrochemical fragmentation of Cu2O nanops enhancing selective C–C coupling from CO2 reduction reaction. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141, 4624–4633 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b11237
  157. H. Xiao, T. Cheng, W.A. Goddard 3rd., Atomistic mechanisms underlying selectivities in C(1) and C(2) products from electrochemical reduction of CO on Cu(111). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139, 130–136 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b06846
  158. T. Burdyny, P.J. Graham, Y. Pang, C.-T. Dinh, M. Liu et al., Nanomorphology-enhanced gas-evolution intensifies CO2 reduction electrochemistry. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 5, 4031–4040 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b00023
  159. P. Wang, H. Yang, C. Tang, Y. Wu, Y. Zheng et al., Boosting electrocatalytic CO2-to-ethanol production via asymmetric C–C coupling. Nat. Commun. 13, 3754 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31427-9
  160. C.G. Morales-Guio, E.R. Cave, S. Nitopi, J.T. Feaster, L. Wang et al., Improved CO2 reduction activity towards C2+ alcohols on a tandem gold on copper electrocatalyst. Nat. Catal. 1, 764–771 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-018-0139-9
  161. W. Zhang, P. He, C. Wang, T. Ding, T. Chen et al., Operando evidence of Cu+ stabilization via a single-atom modifier for CO2 electroreduction. J. Mater. Chem. A 8, 25970–25977 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TA08369K
  162. W. Guo, S. Liu, X. Tan, R. Wu, X. Yan et al., Highly efficient CO2 electroreduction to methanol through atomically dispersed Sn coupled with defective CuO catalysts. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 60, 21979–21987 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202108635
  163. W. Li, L. Li, Q. Xia, S. Hong, L. Wang et al., Lowering C−C coupling barriers for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2H4 by jointly engineering single Bi atoms and oxygen vacancies on CuO. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 318, 121823 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2022.121823
  164. J. Feng, L. Wu, S. Liu, L. Xu, X. Song et al., Improving CO2-to-C2+ product electroreduction efficiency via atomic lanthanide dopant-induced tensile-strained CuOx catalysts. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 145, 9857–9866 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.3c02428
  165. A. Vasileff, C. Xu, Y. Jiao, Y. Zheng, S.-Z. Qiao, Surface and interface engineering in copper-based bimetallic materials for selective CO2 electroreduction. Chem 4, 1809–1831 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2018.05.001
  166. Z. Yang, F.E. Oropeza, K.H.L. Zhang, P-block metal-based (Sn, In, Bi, Pb) electrocatalysts for selective reduction of CO2 to formate. APL Mater. 8, 060901 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0004194
  167. D. Ren, B.S.-H. Ang, B.S. Yeo, Tuning the selectivity of carbon dioxide electroreduction toward ethanol on oxide-derived CuxZn catalysts. ACS Catal. 6, 8239–8247 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.6b02162
  168. Y. Feng, Z. Li, H. Liu, C. Dong, J. Wang et al., Laser-prepared CuZn alloy catalyst for selective electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene. Langmuir 34, 13544–13549 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02837
  169. J. Huang, M. Mensi, E. Oveisi, V. Mantella, R. Buonsanti, Structural sensitivities in bimetallic catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction revealed by Ag–Cu nanodimers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141, 2490–2499 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b12381
  170. T. Zhang, Z. Li, J. Zhang, J. Wu, Enhance CO2-to-C2+ products yield through spatial management of CO transport in Cu/ZnO tandem electrodes. J. Catal. 387, 163–169 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2020.05.002
  171. A.H.M. da Silva, S.J. Raaijman, C.S. Santana, J.M. Assaf, J.F. Gomes et al., Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2+ products on Cu and CuxZny electrodes: effects of chemical composition and surface morphology. J. Electroanal. Chem. 880, 114750 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114750
  172. J. Timoshenko, H.S. Jeon, I. Sinev, F.T. Haase, A. Herzog et al., Linking the evolution of catalytic properties and structural changes in copper–zinc nanocatalysts using operando EXAFS and neural-networks. Chem. Sci. 11, 3727–3736 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/D0SC00382D
  173. T.T.H. Hoang, S. Verma, S. Ma, T.T. Fister, J. Timoshenko et al., Nanoporous copper–silver alloys by additive-controlled electrodeposition for the selective electroreduction of CO2 to ethylene and ethanol. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 140, 5791–5797 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b01868
  174. D. Wei, Y. Wang, C.-L. Dong, Z. Zhang, X. Wang et al., Decrypting the controlled product selectivity over Ag–Cu bimetallic surface alloys for electrochemical CO2 reduction. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 62, e202217369 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202217369
  175. Y. Pan, R. Lin, Y. Chen, S. Liu, W. Zhu et al., Design of single-atom co-N5 catalytic site: a robust electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction with nearly 100% CO selectivity and remarkable stability. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 140, 4218–4221 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b00814
  176. H. Zhang, J. Li, S. Xi, Y. Du, X. Hai et al., A graphene-supported single-atom FeN5 catalytic site for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 58, 14871–14876 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201906079
  177. Y. Cai, J. Fu, Y. Zhou, Y.-C. Chang, Q. Min et al., Insights on forming N, O-coordinated Cu single-atom catalysts for electrochemical reduction CO2 to methane. Nat. Commun. 12, 586 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20769-x
  178. A. Guan, Z. Chen, Y. Quan, C. Peng, Z. Wang et al., Boosting CO2 electroreduction to CH4 via tuning neighboring single-copper sites. ACS Energy Lett. 5, 1044–1053 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c00018
  179. D.-H. Nam, O.S. Bushuyev, J. Li, P. De Luna, A. Seifitokaldani et al., Metal-organic frameworks mediate Cu coordination for selective CO2 electroreduction. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 140, 11378–11386 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b06407
  180. D. Karapinar, N.T. Huan, N. Ranjbar Sahraie, J. Li, D. Wakerley et al., Electroreduction of CO2 on single-site copper-nitrogen-doped carbon material: selective formation of ethanol and reversible restructuration of the metal sites. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 58, 15098–15103 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201907994
  181. H. Xu, D. Rebollar, H. He, L. Chong, Y. Liu et al., Highly selective electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethanol by metallic clusters dynamically formed from atomically dispersed copper. Nat. Energy 5, 623–632 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-020-0666-x
  182. Y. Liang, J. Zhao, Y. Yang, S.-F. Hung, J. Li et al., Stabilizing copper sites in coordination polymers toward efficient electrochemical C–C coupling. Nat. Commun. 14, 474 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-35993-4
  183. K. Zhao, X. Nie, H. Wang, S. Chen, X. Quan et al., Selective electroreduction of CO2 to acetone by single copper atoms anchored on N-doped porous carbon. Nat. Commun. 11, 2455 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16381-8
Read More
Author biographies are not available.
Download this PDF file
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 2367 Download : 1779

Most read articles by the same author(s)