Issue

Vol. 17 (2025)

Solution-Processed Thin Film Transparent Photovoltaics: Present Challenges and Future Development

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-024-01547-6
Tianle Liu
UM-SJTU Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
Munerah M. S. Almutairi
School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, Wales, UK
Jie Ma
UM-SJTU Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
Aisling Stewart
School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, Wales, UK
Zhaohui Xing
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
Mengxia Liu
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
Bo Hou
School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, Wales, UK
Yuljae Cho
UM-SJTU Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Yuljae Cho

yuljae.cho@sjtu.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 17 (2025), Article Number: 49

Abstract

Electrical energy is essential for modern society to sustain economic growths. The soaring demand for the electrical energy, together with an awareness of the environmental impact of fossil fuels, has been driving a shift towards the utilization of solar energy. However, traditional solar energy solutions often require extensive spaces for a panel installation, limiting their practicality in a dense urban environment. To overcome the spatial constraint, researchers have developed transparent photovoltaics (TPV), enabling windows and facades in vehicles and buildings to generate electric energy. Current TPV advancements are focused on improving both transparency and power output to rival commercially available silicon solar panels. In this review, we first briefly introduce wavelength- and non-wavelength-selective strategies to achieve transparency. Figures of merit and theoretical limits of TPVs are discussed to comprehensively understand the status of current TPV technology. Then we highlight recent progress in different types of TPVs, with a particular focus on solution-processed thin-film photovoltaics (PVs), including colloidal quantum dot PVs, metal halide perovskite PVs and organic PVs. The applications of TPVs are also reviewed, with emphasis on agrivoltaics, smart windows and facades. Finally, current challenges and future opportunities in TPV research are pointed out.


Highlights:
1 Recent advancement in solution-processed thin film transparent photovoltaics (TPVs) is summarized, including perovskites, organics, and colloidal quantum dots.
2 Pros and cons of the emerging TPVs are analyzed according to the materials characteristics and the application requirements on the aesthetics and energy generation.
3 Promising TPV applications are discussed with emphasis on agrivoltaics, smart windows and facades.

Keywords

Transparent semiconductors Solution-processable transparent solar cell Emerging solar cell materials Building-integrated photovoltaics
Liu, Tianle, Munerah M. S. Almutairi, Jie Ma, Aisling Stewart, Zhaohui Xing, Mengxia Liu, Bo Hou, and Yuljae Cho. 2024. “Solution-Processed Thin Film Transparent Photovoltaics: Present Challenges and Future Development”. Nano-Micro Letters 17 (October):49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-024-01547-6.
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