Issue

Vol. 17 (2025)

Mechanisms and Mitigation Strategies of Gas Generation in Sodium-Ion Batteries

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01697-1
Xingyan Li
Graphene Composite Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
Xi Chen
Graphene Composite Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
Meng Li
GRINM (Guangdong) Research Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, Foshan 528051, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
Haoran Wei
Graphene Composite Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
Xuming Yang
Graphene Composite Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
Shenghua Ye
Graphene Composite Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
Liewu Li
Graphene Composite Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
Jing Chen
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People’s Republic of China
Xiangzhong Ren
Graphene Composite Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
Xiaoping Ouyang
Graphene Composite Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
Jianhong Liu
Graphene Composite Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
Xiangtong Meng
College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic‑Inorganic Composites, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
Jieshan Qiu
College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic‑Inorganic Composites, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
Biwei Xiao
GRINM (Guangdong) Research Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, Foshan 528051, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
Qianling Zhang
Graphene Composite Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Qianling Zhang

zhql@szu.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 17 (2025), Article Number: 177

Abstract

The transition to renewable energy sources has elevated the importance of SIBs (SIBs) as cost-effective alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for large-scale energy storage. This review examines the mechanisms of gas generation in SIBs, identifying sources from cathode materials, anode materials, and electrolytes, which pose safety risks like swelling, leakage, and explosions. Gases such as CO2, H2, and O2 primarily arise from the instability of cathode materials, side reactions between electrode and electrolyte, and electrolyte decomposition under high temperatures or voltages. Enhanced mitigation strategies, encompassing electrolyte design, buffer layer construction, and electrode material optimization, are deliberated upon. Accordingly, subsequent research endeavors should prioritize long-term high-precision gas detection to bolster the safety and performance of SIBs, thereby fortifying their commercial viability and furnishing dependable solutions for large-scale energy storage and electric vehicles.


Highlights:
1 The mechanisms and main sources of gas generation in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are discussed.
2 In order to effectively improve the safety of SIBs, various strategies to inhibit gas generation are proposed.
3 The future development direction to enhance the safety and performance of SIBs is emphasized.

Keywords

Sodium-ion batteries Gas evolution mechanism Inhibition strategies of gas generation High-performance sodium-ion battery roadmap
Li, Xingyan, Xi Chen, Meng Li, Haoran Wei, Xuming Yang, Shenghua Ye, Liewu Li, Jing Chen, Xiangzhong Ren, Xiaoping Ouyang, Jianhong Liu, Xiangtong Meng, Jieshan Qiu, Biwei Xiao, and Qianling Zhang. 2025. “Mechanisms and Mitigation Strategies of Gas Generation in Sodium-Ion Batteries”. Nano-Micro Letters 17 (March):177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01697-1.
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