Issue

Vol. 17 (2025)

Engineering Bipolar Doping in a Janus Dual-Atom Catalyst for Photo-Enhanced Rechargeable Zn-Air Battery

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01707-2
Ning Liu
State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China
Yinwu Li
State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China
Wencai Liu
State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China
Zhanhao Liang
State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China
Bin Liao
State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China
Fang Yang
Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of High‑Performance Polymer‑Based Composites of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China
Ming Zhao
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, People’s Republic of China
Bo Yan
State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China
Xuchun Gui
State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China
Hong Bin Yang
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, People’s Republic of China
Dingshan Yu
Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of High‑Performance Polymer‑Based Composites of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China
Zhiping Zeng
State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China
Guowei Yang
State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Zhiping Zeng

zzhip8@mail.sysu.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 17 (2025), Article Number: 203

Abstract

Harnessing solar energy to enhance the rechargeable zinc–air batteries (RZABs) performance is a promising avenue toward sustainable energy storage and conversion. Simultaneously enhancing light-absorption capacity and carrier separation efficiency in nanomaterials, as well as improving electrical conductivity and configuration for electrocatalysis, presents a formidable challenge due to inherent trade-offs and interdependencies. Here, we have developed a Janus dual-atom catalyst (JDAC) with bifunctional centers for efficient charge separation and electrocatalytic performance through a bipolar doping strategy. The in situ X-ray absorption near-edge structure and Raman spectroscopy analyses demonstrated that the Ni and Fe centers in JDAC not only function as effective sites for oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction, respectively, but also serve as efficient hole and electron enrichment sites, effectively suppressing photoelectron recombination while enhancing photocurrent generation. As a result, the assembled JDAC-based light-assisted RZABs exhibited extraordinary stability at large current densities. This work delivers pivotal insight to design Janus dual-atom catalysts that efficiently convert solar energy into electric and chemical energy.


Highlights:
1 Janus dual-atom catalyst (JDAC) with bifunctional centers was synthesized via a single-step bipolar doping strategy to promote efficient charge separation and superior electrocatalytic performance.
2 The in situ X-ray absorption near-edge structure and Raman spectroscopy analyses demonstrated that Ni and Fe centers in JDAC function as effective sites for oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction, and effectively suppress photoelectron recombination while enhancing photocurrent generation.
3 The assembled JDAC-based light-assisted rechargeable zinc–air batteries exhibited extraordinary stability at large current densities (300 cycles at 50 mA cm−2, and 6000 cycles at 10 mA cm−2 under light illumination).

Keywords

Janus dual-atom catalyst Bifunctional center Bipolar doping Oxygen redox reaction Fuel cell
Liu, Ning, Yinwu Li, Wencai Liu, Zhanhao Liang, Bin Liao, Fang Yang, Ming Zhao, Bo Yan, Xuchun Gui, Hong Bin Yang, Dingshan Yu, Zhiping Zeng, and Guowei Yang. 2025. “Engineering Bipolar Doping in a Janus Dual-Atom Catalyst for Photo-Enhanced Rechargeable Zn-Air Battery”. Nano-Micro Letters 17 (March):203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01707-2.
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
References
  1. J. Qiao, Y. You, L. Kong, W. Feng, H. Zhang et al., Precisely constructing orbital-coupled Fe─Co dual-atom sites for high-energy-efficiency Zn-air/iodide hybrid batteries. Adv. Mater. 36, e2405533 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202405533
  2. H. Huang, D. Yu, F. Hu, S.C. Huang, J. Song et al., Clusters induced electron redistribution to tune oxygen reduction activity of transition metal single-atom for metal-air batteries. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 61, e202116068 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202116068
  3. W. Zha, Q. Ruan, L. Ma, M. Liu, H. Lin et al., Highly stable photo-assisted zinc-ion batteries via regulated photo-induced proton transfer. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 135, e202400621 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202400621
  4. V. Andrei, R.A. Jagt, M. Rahaman, L. Lari, V.K. Lazarov et al., Long-term solar water and CO2 splitting with photoelectrochemical BiOI-BiVO4 tandems. Nat. Mater. 21, 864–868 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-022-01262-w
  5. Z. Zhi, C. Qin, H. Zhang, Y. Xie, C. Zhang et al., Enhancing photoelectrochemical properties of α-Fe2O3 using Zr-doped HfO2 ferroelectric nanops. J. Alloys Compd. 995, 174851 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2024.174851
  6. H. Han, S.-I. Moon, S. Choi, E. Enkhtuvshin, S.J. Kim et al., Enhanced photoelectrochemical characteristic of TiO2 nanotubes via surface plasma treatment. Ceram. Int. 47, 30741 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.07.253
  7. H. Jiao, G. Sun, Y. Wang, Z. Zhang, Z. Wang et al., Defective TiO2 hollow nanospheres as photo-electrocatalysts for photo-assisted Li-O2 batteries. Chin. Chem. Lett. 33, 4008–4012 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2021.11.086
  8. H. Feng, C. Zhang, Z. Liu, J. Sang, S. Xue et al., A light-activated TiO2@In2Se3@Ag3PO4 cathode for high-performance Zn-Air batteries. Chem. Eng. J. 434, 134650 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.134650
  9. Z. Huang, Z. Chen, Z. Chen, C. Lv, H. Meng et al., Ni12P5 nanops as an efficient catalyst for hydrogen generation via electrolysis and photoelectrolysis. ACS Nano 8, 8121–8129 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/nn5022204
  10. J. Yang, Q. Zeng, B. Qin, J. Huang, X. Guo et al., Electropolymerization process dependent poly(1, 4-di(2-thienyl)benzene) based full spectrum activated photocathodes for efficient photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution. J. Electroanal. Chem. 903, 115712 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115712
  11. W. Fan, B. Zhang, X. Wang, W. Ma, D. Li et al., Efficient hydrogen peroxide synthesis by metal-free polyterthiophene via photoelectrocatalytic dioxygen reduction. Energy Environ. Sci. 13, 238–245 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/C9EE02247C
  12. X. Zou, Z. Sun, Y.H. Hu, G-C3N4-based photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting: a review. J. Mater. Chem. A 8, 21474–21502 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ta07345h
  13. Y. Teng, J. Zhao, Z.M. Ye, C.W. Tan, L.L. Ning et al., Covalent organic framework encapsulating layered oxide perovskite for efficient photosynthesis of H2O2. Adv. Energy Mater. 2404029 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202404029
  14. C. Shu, L. Fang, M. Yang, L. Zhong, X. Chen et al., Cutting COF-like C4N to give colloidal quantum dots: towards optical encryption and bidirectional sulfur chemistry via functional group and edge effects. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 61, e202114182 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202114182
  15. G.G. Bessegato, T.T. Guaraldo, J.F. de Brito, M.F. Brugnera, M.V.B. Zanoni, Achievements and trends in photoelectrocatalysis: from environmental to energy applications. Electrocatalysis 6, 415–441 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12678-015-0259-9
  16. S. Xue, H. Tang, M. Shen, X. Liang, X. Li et al., Establishing multiple-order built-in electric fields within heterojunctions to achieve photocarrier spatial separation. Adv. Mater. 36, 2311937 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202311937
  17. G. Yan, X. Sun, Y. Zhang, H. Li, H. Huang et al., Metal-free 2D/2D van der waals heterojunction based on covalent organic frameworks for highly efficient solar energy catalysis. Nano-Micro Lett. 15, 132 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01100-x
  18. W. Jin, C.-Y. Yang, R. Pau, Q. Wang, E.K. Tekelenburg et al., Photocatalytic doping of organic semiconductors. Nature 630, 96–101 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07400-5
  19. T. Xu, Y. Xie, S. Qi, H. Zhang, W. Ma et al., Simultaneous defect passivation and co-catalyst engineering leads to superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution on metal halide perovskites. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 63, e202409945 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202409945
  20. S. Hou, X. Gao, X. Lv, Y. Zhao, X. Yin et al., Decade milestone advancement of defect-engineered g-C3N4 for solar catalytic applications. Nano-Micro Lett. 16, 70 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01297-x
  21. S. Liang, L.-N. Song, X.-X. Wang, Y.-F. Wang, J.-Y. Wu et al., Fluid-induced piezoelectric field enhancing photo-assisted Zn-air batteries based on a Fe@P(V-T) microhelical cathode. Adv. Mater. 36, e2407718 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202407718
  22. Z. Yu, D. Zhang, Y. Wang, F. Liu, F. She et al., Spin manipulation of heterogeneous molecular electrocatalysts by an integrated magnetic field for efficient oxygen redox reactions. Adv. Mater. 36, e2408461 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202408461
  23. Z.-H. Xue, D. Luan, H. Zhang, X.W. David Lou, Single-atom catalysts for photocatalytic energy conversion. Joule 6, 92–133 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2021.12.011
  24. C.X. Zhao, X. Liu, J.N. Liu, J. Wang, X. Wan et al., Inductive effect on single-atom sites. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 145, 27531 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.3c09190
  25. K. He, Z. Huang, C. Chen, C. Qiu, Y.L. Zhong et al., Exploring the roles of single atom in hydrogen peroxide photosynthesis. Nano-Micro Lett. 16, 23 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01231-1
  26. R. Liu, Y. Chen, H. Yu, M. Položij, Y. Guo et al., Linkage-engineered donor–acceptor covalent organic frameworks for optimal photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide from water and air. Nat. Catal. 7, 195–206 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-023-01102-3
  27. M. Janeta, J.X. Heidlas, O. Daugulis, M. Brookhart, 2, 4, 6-triphenylpyridinium: a bulky, highly electron-withdrawing substituent that enhances properties of nickel(II) ethylene polymerization catalysts. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 60, 4566–4569 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202013854
  28. N. Panangattu Dharmarajan, M. Fawaz, C. Sathish, S.N. Talapaneni, K. Ramadass et al., Insights into atomic level π-electron modulations in supramolecular carbon nitride nanoarchitectonics for sustainable green hydrogen production. Adv. Energy Mater. 14, 2400686 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202400686
  29. S. Hong, W. Lee, Y.J. Hwang, S. Song, S. Choi et al., Role of defect density in the TiOx protective layer of the n-Si photoanode for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting. J. Mater. Chem. A 11, 3987–3999 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1039/D2TA07082K
  30. J. Ding, Z. Teng, X. Su, K. Kato, Y. Liu et al., Asymmetrically coordinated cobalt single atom on carbon nitride for highly selective photocatalytic oxidation of CH4 to CH3OH. Chem 9, 1017–1035 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2023.02.011
  31. D. Li, H. Li, Q. Wen, C. Gao, F. Song et al., Investigation on photo-assisted Fenton-like mechanism of single-atom Mn–N–Fe–N–Ni charge transfer bridge across six-membered cavity of graphitic carbon nitride. Adv. Funct. Mater. 34, 2313631 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202313631
  32. W. Liu, L. Cao, W. Cheng, Y. Cao, X. Liu et al., Single-site active cobalt-based photocatalyst with a long carrier lifetime for spontaneous overall water splitting. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 56, 9312–9317 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201704358
  33. M. Tamtaji, M.G. Kim, Z. Li, S. Cai, J. Wang et al., High-throughput screening of dual atom catalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions and rechargeable zinc-air battery. Nano Energy 126, 109634 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.109634
  34. J. Song, Y. Chen, H. Huang, J. Wang, S.C. Huang et al., Heterointerface engineering of hierarchically assembling layered double hydroxides on cobalt selenide as efficient trifunctional electrocatalysts for water splitting and zinc-air battery. Adv. Sci. 9, 2104522 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202104522
  35. C. Hu, G. Xing, W. Han, Y. Hao, C. Zhang et al., Inhibiting demetalation of Fe─N─C via Mn sites for efficient oxygen reduction reaction in zinc-air batteries. Adv. Mater. 36, e2405763 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202405763
  36. S. Li, G. Xing, S. Zhao, J. Peng, L. Zhao et al., Fe-N Co-doped carbon nanofibers with Fe3C decoration for water activation induced oxygen reduction reaction. Natl. Sci. Rev. 11, nwae193 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwae193
  37. W. Kohn, L.J. Sham, Self-consistent equations including exchange and correlation effects. Phys. Rev. 140, A1133–A1138 (1965). https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.140.a1133
  38. P. Hohenberg, W. Kohn, Inhomogeneous electron gas. Phys. Rev. 136, B864–B871 (1964). https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.136.b864
  39. M.J. Frisch, G.W. Trucks, H.B. Schlegel, G.E. Scuseria, M.A. Robb et al., Gaussian 16, Revision C.01 (Gaussian Inc., Wallingford, 2016)
  40. C. Adamo, V. Barone, Toward reliable density functional methods without adjustable parameters: the PBE0 model. J. Chem. Phys. 110, 6158–6170 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.478522
  41. F. Weigend, R. Ahlrichs, Balanced basis sets of split valence, triple Zeta valence and quadruple Zeta valence quality for H to Rn: Design and assessment of accuracy. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 7, 3297–3305 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1039/b508541a
  42. F. Weigend, Accurate coulomb-fitting basis sets for H to Rn. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 8, 1057–1065 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1039/b515623h
  43. S. Grimme, J. Antony, S. Ehrlich, H. Krieg, A consistent and accurate ab initio parametrization of density functional dispersion correction (DFT-D) for the 94 elements H-Pu. J. Chem. Phys. 132, 154104 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3382344
  44. CYLview20: Legault, C Y Université de Sherbrooke, 2020. http://www.cylview.org
  45. IQmol, http://wwwiqmol.org/
  46. C. Tang, H.F. Wang, X. Chen, B.Q. Li, T.Z. Hou et al., Adv. Mater. 28, 6845 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201601406
  47. Z. Fang, Y. Li, J. Li, C. Shu, L. Zhong et al., Capturing visible light in low-band-gap C4N-derived responsive bifunctional air electrodes for solar energy conversion and storage. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 60, 17615–17621 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202104790
  48. S.A. Chala, K. Lakshmanan, W.-H. Huang, A.W. Kahsay, C.-Y. Chang et al., Cooperative dual single atom Ni/Cu catalyst for highly selective CO2-to-ethanol reduction. Appl. Catal. B Environ. Energy 358, 124420 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.124420
  49. L. Meng, S. Ren, C. Ma, Y. Yu, Y. Lou et al., Synthesis of a 2D nitrogen-rich π-conjugated microporous polymer for high performance lithium-ion batteries. Chem. Commun. 55, 9491–9494 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/C9CC04036F
  50. Y. Li, C. Mo, J. Li, D. Yu, Pyrazine–nitrogen–rich exfoliated C4N nanosheets as efficient metal–free polymeric catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction. J. Energy Chem. 49, 243–247 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2020.02.046
  51. X. Zhang, H. Su, P. Cui, Y. Cao, Z. Teng et al., Developing Ni single-atom sites in carbon nitride for efficient photocatalytic H2O2 production. Nat. Commun. 14, 7115 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42887-y
  52. H.B. Yang, J. Miao, S.F. Hung, J. Chen, H.B. Tao et al., Identification of catalytic sites for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution in N-doped graphene materials: development of highly efficient metal-free bifunctional electrocatalyst. Sci. Adv. 2, e1501122 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501122
  53. R. Ren, G. Liu, J.Y. Kim, R.E.A. Ardhi, M.X. Tran et al., Photoactive g-C3N4/CuZIF-67 bifunctional electrocatalyst with staggered p-n heterojunction for rechargeable Zn-air batteries. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 306, 121096 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2022.121096
  54. N. Kumar, K. Naveen, M. Kumar, T.C. Nagaiah, R. Sakla et al., Multifunctionality exploration of Ca2FeRuO6: an efficient trifunctional electrocatalyst toward OER/ORR/HER and photocatalyst for water splitting. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 4, 1323–1334 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.0c02579
  55. Z. Xiao, X. Lv, S. Liu, Q. Liu, F. Wang et al., Electronic band structure engineering of transition metal oxide-N, S-doped carbon catalysts for photoassisted oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution catalysis. Adv. Mater. Interfaces 9, 2101386 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202101386
  56. Y. Yang, B. Hu, W. Zhao, Q. Yang, F. Yang et al., Bridging N-doped graphene and carbon rich C3N4 layers for photo-promoted multi-functional electrocatalysts. Electrochim. Acta 317, 25–33 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2019.05.140
  57. S. Hu, J. Shi, R. Yan, S. Pang, Z. Zhang et al., Flexible rechargeable photo-assisted zinc-air batteries based on photo-active pTTh bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst. Energy Storage Mater. 65, 103139 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2023.103139
  58. S. Zheng, M. Chen, K. Chen, Y. Wu, J. Yu et al., Solar-light-responsive zinc-air battery with self-regulated charge-discharge performance based on photothermal effect. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 15, 2985–2995 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c19663
  59. H. Liao, X. Zhang, S. Niu, P. Tan, K. Chen et al., Dynamic dissolution and re-adsorption of molybdate ion in iron incorporated nickel-molybdenum oxyhydroxide for promoting oxygen evolution reaction. Appl. Catal. B Environ. Energy 307, 121150 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2022.121150
  60. J. Hu, S. Li, J. Chu, S. Niu, J. Wang et al., Understanding the phase-induced electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction activity on FeOOH nanostructures. ACS Catal. 9, 10705–10711 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.9b03876
  61. J. Zhong, Z. Liang, N. Liu, Y. Xiang, B. Yan et al., Engineering symmetry-breaking centers and d-orbital modulation in triatomic catalysts for zinc-air batteries. ACS Nano 18, 5258–5269 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.3c08839
  62. Z. Zeng, L.Y. Gan, H. Bin Yang, X. Su, J. Gao et al., Orbital coupling of hetero-diatomic nickel-iron site for bifunctional electrocatalysis of CO2 reduction and oxygen evolution. Nat. Commun. 12, 4088 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24052-5
  63. R. Ren, G. Liu, J. Y. Kim, R. E. A. Ardhi, M. X. Tran et al., Photoactive g-C3N4/CuZIF-67 bifunctional electrocatalyst with staggered p-n heterojunction for rechargeable Zn-air batteries. Appl. Catal. B. Environ. 306, 121096 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2022.121096
  64. H. Yang, B. Wang, H. Li, B. Ni, K. Wang et al., Trimetallic sulfide mesoporous nanospheres as superior electrocatalysts for rechargeable Zn-air batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 8 (34) 1801839–1801847 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201801839
  65. T. Wang, Z. Kou, S. Mu, J. Liu, D. He et al., 2D dual-metal zeolitic-imidazolate-framework-(ZIF)-derived bifunctional air electrodes with ultrahigh electrochemical properties for rechargeable zinc-air batteries. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28 1705048–1705056 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201705048
  66. J. Lv, S.C. Abbas, Y. Huang, Q. Liu, M. Wu et al., A photo-responsive bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions. Nano Energy 43, 130–137 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.11.020
  67. D. Zhu, Q. Zhao, G. Fan, S. Zhao, L. Wang, et al., Photoinduced oxygen reduction reaction boosts the output voltage of a zinc–air battery. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 58, 12460-12464 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201905954
  68. C. Zhao, J. Liu, B. Li, D. Ren, X. Chen et al. Multiscale construction of bifunctional electrocatalysts for long‐lifespan rechargeable zinc–air batteries. Adv. Funct. Mater. 30, 2003619 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202003619
Read More
Author biographies are not available.
Download this PDF file
PDF SUPPLEMENTARY FILE
Statistic
Read Counter : 1320 Download : 985

Most read articles by the same author(s)