High-Performance Solid-State Supercapacitors Fabricated by Pencil Drawing and Polypyrrole Depositing on Paper Substrate
Corresponding Author: Yihua Gao
Nano-Micro Letters,
Vol. 7 No. 3 (2015), Article Number: 276-281
Abstract
A solid-state powerful supercapacitor (SC) is fabricated with a substrate of Xerox paper. Its current collector based on a foldable electronic circuit is developed by simply pencil drawing. Thin graphite sheets on paper provide effective channels for electron transmission with a low resistance of 95 Ω sq−1. The conductive organic material of polypyrrole coated on thin graphite sheets acts as the electrode material of the device. The as-fabricated SC exhibits a high specific capacitance of 52.9 F cm−3 at a scan rate of 1 mV s−1. An energy storage unit fabricated by three full-charged series SCs can drive a commercial light-emitting diode robustly. This work demonstrated a simple, versatile and cost-effective method for paper-based devices.
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References
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M.C. Barr, J.A. Rowehl, R.R. Lunt, J. Xu, A. Wang, C.M. Boyce, S.G. Im, V. Bulovic, K.K. Gleason, Direct monolithic integration of organic photovoltaic circuits on unmodified paper. Adv. Mater. 23(31), 3499–3505 (2011). doi:10.1002/adma.201101263
J. Kawahara, P.A. Ersman, K. Katoh, M. Berggren, Fast-switching printed organic electrochemical transistors including electronic vias through plastic and paper substrates. IEEE T. Electron Dev. 60(6), 2052–2056 (2013). doi:10.1109/TED.2013.2258923
B. Yoon, D.Y. Ham, O. Yarimaga, H. An, C.W. Lee, J.M. Kim, Inkjet printing of conjugated polymer precursors on paper substrates for colorimetric sensing and flexible electrothermochromic display. Adv. Mater. 23(46), 5492–5497 (2011). doi:10.1002/adma.201103471
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L.B. Hu, J.W. Choi, Y. Yang, S. Jeong, F. La Mantia, L.F. Cui, Y. Cui, Highly conductive paper for energy-storage devices. PNAS 106(51), 21490–21494 (2009). doi:10.1073/pnas.0908858106
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E. Frackowiak, F. Béguin, Carbon materials for the electrochemical storage of energy in capacitors. Carbon 39(6), 937–950 (2001). doi:10.1016/S0008-6223(00)00183-4
D.N. Futaba, K. Hata, T. Yamada, T. Hiraoka, Y. Hayamizu, Y. Kakudate, O. Tanaike, H. Hatori, M. Yumura, S. Iijima, Shape-engineerable and highly densely packed single-walled carbon nanotubes and their application as super-capacitor electrodes. Nat. Mater. 5(12), 987–994 (2006). doi:10.1038/nmat1782
K.H. An, W.S. Kim, Y.S. Park, J.-M. Moon, D.J. Bae, S.C. Lim, Y.S. Lee, Y.H. Lee, Electrochemical properties of high-power supercapacitors using single-walled carbon nanotube electrodes. Adv. Funct. Mater. 11(5), 387–392 (2001). doi:10.1002/1616-3028(200110)11:5<387:AID-ADFM387>3.0.CO;2-G
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Y. Zhu, S. Murali, W. Cai, X. Li, J.W. Suk, J.R. Potts, R.S. Ruoff, Graphene and graphene oxide: synthesis, properties, and applications. Adv. Mater. 22(35), 3906–3924 (2010). doi:10.1002/adma.201001068
H.J. Choi, S.M. Jung, J.M. Seo, D.W. Chang, L.M. Dai, J.B. Baek, Graphene for energy conversion and storage in fuel cells and supercapacitors. Nano Energy 1(4), 534–551 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2012.05.001
K. Zhang, L.L. Zhang, X.S. Zhao, J.S. Wu, Graphene/polyaniline nanofiber composites as supercapacitor electrodes. Chem. Mater. 22(4), 1392–1401 (2010). doi:10.1021/cm902876u
Q. Wu, Y.X. Xu, Z.Y. Yao, A.R. Liu, G.Q. Shi, Supercapacitors based on flexible graphene/polyaniline nanofiber composite films. ACS Nano 4(4), 1963–1970 (2010). doi:10.1021/nn1000035
D.W. Wang, F. Li, J.P. Zhao, W.C. Ren, Z.G. Chen, J. Tan, Z.S. Wu, I. Gentle, G.Q. Lu, H.M. Cheng, Fabrication of graphene/polyaniline composite paper via in situ anodic electropolymerization for high-performance flexible electrode. ACS Nano 3(7), 1745–1752 (2009). doi:10.1021/nn900297m
Y. Wang, Z.Q. Shi, Y. Huang, Y.F. Ma, C.Y. Wang, M.M. Chen, Y.S. Chen, Supercapacitor devices based on graphene materials. J. Phys. C 113(30), 13103–13107 (2009). doi:10.1021/jp902214f
Y. Huang, Y. Huang, W.J. Meng, M.S. Zhu, H.T. Xue, C. Lee, C.Y. Zhi, Enhanced tolerance to stretch-induced performance degradation of stretchable MnO2-based supercapacitors. ACS Appl. Mater. Inter. 7, 2569–2574 (2015). doi:10.1021/am507588p
Y. Huang, J.Y. Tao, W.J. Meng, M.S. Zhu, Y. Huang, Y.Q. Fu, Y.H. Gao, C.Y. Zhi, Super-high rate stretchable polypyrrole-based supercapacitors with excellent cycling stability. Nano Energy 11, 518–525 (2015). doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2014.10.031
R.A. Davoglio, S.R. Biaggio, N. Bocchi, R.C. Rocha, Flexible and high surface area composites of carbon fiber, polypyrrole, and poly(dmct) for supercapacitor electrodes. Electrochim. Acta 93, 93–100 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2013.01.062
X.H. Lu, G.M. Wang, T. Zhai, M.H. Yu, S.L. Xie, Y.C. Ling, C.L. Liang, Y.X. Tong, Y. Li, Stabilized tin nanowire arrays for high-performance and flexible supercapacitors. Nano Lett. 12(10), 5376–5381 (2012). doi:10.1021/nl302761z
A.C. Ferrari, J.C. Meyer, V. Scardaci, C. Casiraghi, M. Lazzeri, F. Mauri, S. Piscanec, D. Jiang, K.S. Novoselov, S. Roth, A.K. Geim, Raman spectrum of graphene and graphene layers. Phys. Rev. Lett. (2006). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.187401
L.Y. Yuan, B. Yao, B. Hu, K.F. Huo, W. Chen, J. Zhou, Polypyrrole-coated paper for flexible solid-state energy storage. Energy Environ. Sci. 6(2), 470–476 (2013). doi:10.1039/c2ee23977a