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Vol. 14 (2022)

Fabricating Na/In/C Composite Anode with Natrophilic Na–In Alloy Enables Superior Na Ion Deposition in the EC/PC Electrolyte

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-021-00756-7
Hui Wang
Key Laboratory of Material Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People’s Republic of China
Yan Wu
Department of Chemistry, Center of Super‑Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, People’s Republic of China
Ye Wang
Key Laboratory of Material Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People’s Republic of China
Tingting Xu
Key Laboratory of Material Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People’s Republic of China
Dezhi Kong
Key Laboratory of Material Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People’s Republic of China
Yang Jiang
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
Di Wu
Key Laboratory of Material Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People’s Republic of China
Yongbing Tang
Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
Xinjian Li
Key Laboratory of Material Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People’s Republic of China
Chun‑Sing Lee
Department of Chemistry, Center of Super‑Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Chun‑Sing Lee

apcslee@cityu.edu.hk

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 14 (2022), Article Number: 23

Abstract

In conventional ethylene carbonate (EC)/propylene carbonate (PC) electrolyte, sodium metal reacts spontaneously and deleteriously with solvent molecules. This significantly limits the practical feasibility of high-voltage sodium metal batteries based on Na metal chemistry. Herein, we present a sodium metal alloy strategy via introducing NaIn and Na2In phases in a Na/In/C composite, aiming at boosting Na ion deposition stability in the common EC/PC electrolyte. Symmetric cells with Na/In/C electrodes achieve an impressive long-term cycling capability at 1 mA cm−2 (> 870 h) and 5 mA cm−2 (> 560 h), respectively, with a capacity of 1 mAh cm−2. In situ optical microscopy clearly unravels a stable Na ion dynamic deposition process on the Na/In/C composite electrode surface, attributing to a dendrite-free and smooth morphology. Furthermore, theoretical simulations reveal intrinsic mechanism for the reversible Na ion deposition behavior with the composite Na/In/C electrode. Upon pairing with a high-voltage NaVPOF cathode, Na/In/C anode illustrates a better suitability in SMBs. This work promises an alternative alloying strategy for enhancing Na metal interfacial stability in the common EC/PC electrolyte for their future applications.


Highlights:


1 Na/In/C composite anode tailored with natrophilic NaIn and Na2In phases was constructed via a facile molten metal immersion method.
2 Long-term Na ion plating/stripping stability in the common ethylene carbonate/propylene carbonate electrolyte was achieved with Na/In/C anode.
3 Na ion deposition reversibility of Na/In/C anode was analyzed by in situ microscope, ab initial molecular dynamics and finite element simulations.

Keywords

EC/PC electrolyte Sodium metal batteries Na/In/C electrode Dendrite-free and smooth morphology Theoretical simulations
Wang, Hui, Yan Wu, Ye Wang, Tingting Xu, Dezhi Kong, Yang Jiang, Di Wu, Yongbing Tang, Xinjian Li, and Chun‑Sing Lee. 2021. “Fabricating Na/In/C Composite Anode With Natrophilic Na–In Alloy Enables Superior Na Ion Deposition in the EC/PC Electrolyte”. Nano-Micro Letters 14 (December):23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-021-00756-7.
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