Issue

Vol. 14 (2022)

From Bench to the Clinic: The Path to Translation of Nanotechnology-Enabled mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-021-00771-8
Diana O. Lopez‑Cantu
Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Xichi Wang
Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Hector Carrasco‑Magallanes
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Samson Afewerki
Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Xingcai Zhang
John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Joseph V. Bonventre
Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Guillermo U. Ruiz‑Esparza
Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA

Corresponding Author: Guillermo U. Ruiz‑Esparza

gruizeh@bwh.harvard.edu

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 14 (2022), Article Number: 41

Abstract

During the last decades, the use of nanotechnology in medicine has effectively been translated to the design of drug delivery systems, nanostructured tissues, diagnostic platforms, and novel nanomaterials against several human diseases and infectious pathogens. Nanotechnology-enabled vaccines have been positioned as solutions to mitigate the pandemic outbreak caused by the novel pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. To fast-track the development of vaccines, unprecedented industrial and academic collaborations emerged around the world, resulting in the clinical translation of effective vaccines in less than one year. In this article, we provide an overview of the path to translation from the bench to the clinic of nanotechnology-enabled messenger ribonucleic acid vaccines and examine in detail the types of delivery systems used, their mechanisms of action, obtained results during each phase of their clinical development and their regulatory approval process. We also analyze how nanotechnology is impacting global health and economy during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.


Highlights:


1 Pfizer–BioNTech’s and Moderna’s nanotechnology-enabled mRNA vaccines are the first of its kind to be approved for human use.
2 The COVID-19 pandemic has changed our lives and although SARS-CoV-2 has caused irreversible health, social and economic damage, continuous and extensive efforts world-wide were essential to reduce its deleterious effects.

Keywords

Nanovaccines mRNA Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19
Lopez‑Cantu, Diana O., Xichi Wang, Hector Carrasco‑Magallanes, Samson Afewerki, Xingcai Zhang, Joseph V. Bonventre, and Guillermo U. Ruiz‑Esparza. 2022. “From Bench to the Clinic: The Path to Translation of Nanotechnology-Enabled MRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines”. Nano-Micro Letters 14 (January):41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-021-00771-8.
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