Issue

Vol. 15 (2023)

Bioresource Upgrade for Sustainable Energy, Environment, and Biomedicine

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-022-00993-4
Fanghua Li
Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
Yiwei Li
School of Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
K. S. Novoselov
Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
Feng Liang
Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
Jiashen Meng
School of Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Shih‑Hsin Ho
State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People’s Republic of China
Tong Zhao
State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People’s Republic of China
Hui Zhou
Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
Awais Ahmad
Departamento de Quimica Organica, Universidad de Cordoba, Edificio Marie Curie (C‑3), Ctra Nnal IV‑A, Km 396, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
Yinlong Zhu
Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
Liangxing Hu
School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
Dongxiao Ji
Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
Litao Jia
State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People’s Republic of China
Rui Liu
State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People’s Republic of China
Seeram Ramakrishna
Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
Xingcai Zhang
John A Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

Corresponding Author: Xingcai Zhang

xingcai@mit.edu

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 15 (2023), Article Number: 35

Abstract

We conceptualize bioresource upgrade for sustainable energy, environment, and biomedicine with a focus on circular economy, sustainability, and carbon neutrality using high availability and low utilization biomass (HALUB). We acme energy-efficient technologies for sustainable energy and material recovery and applications. The technologies of thermochemical conversion (TC), biochemical conversion (BC), electrochemical conversion (EC), and photochemical conversion (PTC) are summarized for HALUB. Microalgal biomass could contribute to a biofuel HHV of 35.72 MJ Kg−1 and total benefit of 749 $/ton biomass via TC. Specific surface area of biochar reached 3000 m2 g−1 via pyrolytic carbonization of waste bean dregs. Lignocellulosic biomass can be effectively converted into bio-stimulants and biofertilizers via BC with a high conversion efficiency of more than 90%. Besides, lignocellulosic biomass can contribute to a current density of 672 mA m−2 via EC. Bioresource can be 100% selectively synthesized via electrocatalysis through EC and PTC. Machine learning, techno-economic analysis, and life cycle analysis are essential to various upgrading approaches of HALUB. Sustainable biomaterials, sustainable living materials and technologies for biomedical and multifunctional applications like nano-catalysis, microfluidic and micro/nanomotors beyond are also highlighted. New techniques and systems for the complete conversion and utilization of HALUB for new energy and materials are further discussed.


Highlights:


1 Machine learning, techno-economic analysis, and life cycle analysis are imperative for various conversion approaches of high availability and low utilization biomass (HALUB).
2 The conversion of HALUB to sustainable energy and materials has a positive consequence on mitigating climate change and building a green future.
3 Microfluidic and micro/nanomotors-powered sustainable materials are of high potential for advanced applications.

Keywords

High availability low utilization biomass (HALUB) Circular economy Machine learning Energy-efficient conversion Nano-catalysis
Li, Fanghua, Yiwei Li, K. S. Novoselov, Feng Liang, Jiashen Meng, Shih‑Hsin Ho, Tong Zhao, Hui Zhou, Awais Ahmad, Yinlong Zhu, Liangxing Hu, Dongxiao Ji, Litao Jia, Rui Liu, Seeram Ramakrishna, and Xingcai Zhang. 2023. “Bioresource Upgrade for Sustainable Energy, Environment, and Biomedicine”. Nano-Micro Letters 15 (January):35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-022-00993-4.
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