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Vol. 16 (2024)

Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Modules Enabled by Solid–Liquid Two-Step Film Formation

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-024-01408-2
Juan Zhang
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3‑Bunkyocho, Hirosaki 036‑8561, Japan
Xiaofei Ji
The Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
Xiaoting Wang
The Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
Liujiang Zhang
Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, People’s Republic of China
Leyu Bi
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, People’s Republic of China
Zhenhuang Su
Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, People’s Republic of China
Xingyu Gao
Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, People’s Republic of China
Wenjun Zhang
Hangzhou Zhongneng Photoelectricity Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, People’s Republic of China
Lei Shi
Hangzhou Zhongneng Photoelectricity Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, People’s Republic of China
Guoqing Guan
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3‑Bunkyocho, Hirosaki 036‑8561, Japan
Abuliti Abudula
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3‑Bunkyocho, Hirosaki 036‑8561, Japan
Xiaogang Hao
College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People’s Republic of China
Liyou Yang
JINNENG Clean Energy Technology Ltd., Jinzhong 030300, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
Qiang Fu
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, People’s Republic of China
Alex K.‑Y Jen
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, People’s Republic of China
Linfeng Lu
The Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Alex K.‑Y Jen

alexjen@cityu.edu.hk

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 16 (2024), Article Number: 190

Abstract

A considerable efficiency gap exists between large-area perovskite solar modules and small-area perovskite solar cells. The control of forming uniform and large-area film and perovskite crystallization is still the main obstacle restricting the efficiency of PSMs. In this work, we adopted a solid–liquid two-step film formation technique, which involved the evaporation of a lead iodide film and blade coating of an organic ammonium halide solution to prepare perovskite films. This method possesses the advantages of integrating vapor deposition and solution methods, which could apply to substrates with different roughness and avoid using toxic solvents to achieve a more uniform, large-area perovskite film. Furthermore, modification of the NiOx/perovskite buried interface and introduction of Urea additives were utilized to reduce interface recombination and regulate perovskite crystallization. As a result, a large-area perovskite film possessing larger grains, fewer pinholes, and reduced defects could be achieved. The inverted PSM with an active area of 61.56 cm2 (10 × 10 cm2 substrate) achieved a champion power conversion efficiency of 20.56% and significantly improved stability. This method suggests an innovative approach to resolving the uniformity issue associated with large-area film fabrication.


Highlights:
1 High-quality large-area perovskite films are prepared using a solid–liquid two-step film formation method combined with CsBr modification for the buried interface and Urea additive for perovskite crystallization.
2 The inverted perovskite solar modules’ performance is enhanced to 20.56% in 61.56 cm2 with improved stability.

Keywords

Inverted perovskite solar cells Perovskite solar modules Two-step film formation Crystallization Defect passivation
Zhang, Juan, Xiaofei Ji, Xiaoting Wang, Liujiang Zhang, Leyu Bi, Zhenhuang Su, Xingyu Gao, Wenjun Zhang, Lei Shi, Guoqing Guan, Abuliti Abudula, Xiaogang Hao, Liyou Yang, Qiang Fu, Alex K.‑Y Jen, and Linfeng Lu. 2024. “Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Modules Enabled by Solid–Liquid Two-Step Film Formation”. Nano-Micro Letters 16 (May):190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-024-01408-2.
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