Issue

Vol. 18 (2026)

Electrospun Nanofiber-Based Ceramic Aerogels: Synergistic Strategies for Design and Functionalization

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01864-4
Panpan Li
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
Xuan Zhang
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
Ying Li
Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, People’s Republic of China
Cunyi Zhao
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
Jianyong Yu
Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, People’s Republic of China
Yang Si
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Yang Si

yangsi@dhu.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 18 (2026), Article Number: 23

Abstract

Ceramic aerogels (CAs) have emerged as a significant research frontier across various applications due to their lightweight, high porosity, and easily tunable structural characteristics. However, the intrinsic weak interactions among the constituent nanoparticles, coupled with the limited toughness of traditional CAs, make them susceptible to structural collapse or even catastrophic failure when exposed to complex mechanical external forces. Unlike 0D building units, 1D ceramic nanofibers (CNFs) possess a high aspect ratio and exceptional flexibility simultaneously, which are desirable building blocks for elastic CAs. This review presents the recent progress in electrospun ceramic nanofibrous aerogels (ECNFAs) that are constructed using ECNFs as building blocks, focusing on the various preparation methods and corresponding structural characteristics, strategies for optimizing mechanical performance, and a wide range of applications. The methods for preparing ECNFs and ECNFAs with diverse structures were initially explored, followed by the implementation of optimization strategies for enhancing ECNFAs, emphasizing the improvement of reinforcing the ECNFs, establishing the bonding effects between ECNFs, and designing the aggregate structures of the aerogels. Moreover, the applications of ECNFAs across various fields are also discussed. Finally, it highlights the existing challenges and potential opportunities for ECNFAs to achieve superior properties and realize promising prospects.


Highlights:
1 This review provides comprehensive fabrication methods for the manufacturing of electrospun ceramic nanofibrous aerogels and offers professional guidance for materials development in this field.
2 The optimization strategies for electrospun ceramic nanofibrous aerogels (ECNFAs)’ mechanical properties have been provided, highlighting multi-scale design from nano-building blocks to nanofiber aggregate structure design.
3 This review systematically introduces the diverse roles of ECNFAs in specific application scenarios and application-specific mechanisms and provides transformative solutions for advanced engineering applications.

Keywords

Electrospinning nanofibers Ceramic aerogels Mechanical properties
Li, Panpan, Xuan Zhang, Ying Li, Cunyi Zhao, Jianyong Yu, and Yang Si. 2025. “Electrospun Nanofiber-Based Ceramic Aerogels: Synergistic Strategies for Design and Functionalization”. Nano-Micro Letters 18 (August):23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01864-4.
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