Issue

Vol. 9 No. 4 (2017)

Synergistic Effects in CNTs-PdAu/Pt Trimetallic Nanoparticles with High Electrocatalytic Activity and Stability

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-017-0149-1
Xin-Lei Cai
Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
Chang-Hai Liu
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
Jie Liu
Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
Ying Lu
Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
Ya-Nan Zhong
Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
Kai-Qi Nie
Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
Jian-Long Xu
Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
Xu Gao
Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
Xu-Hui Sun
Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
Sui-Dong Wang
Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Sui-Dong Wang

wangsd@suda.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 9 No. 4 (2017), Article Number: 48

Abstract

We present a straightforward physical approach for synthesizing multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-PdAu/Pt trimetallic nanoparticles (NPs), which allows predesign and control of the metal compositional ratio by simply adjusting the sputtering targets and conditions. The small-sized CNTs-PdAu/Pt NPs (~3 nm, Pd/Au/Pt ratio of 3:1:2) act as nanocatalysts for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), showing excellent performance with electrocatalytic peak current of 4.4 A mg −1Pt and high stability over 7000 s. The electrocatalytic activity and stability of the PdAu/Pt trimetallic NPs are much superior to those of the corresponding Pd/Pt and Au/Pt bimetallic NPs, as well as a commercial Pt/C catalyst. Systematic investigation of the microscopic, crystalline, and electronic structure of the PdAu/Pt NPs reveals alloying and charge redistribution in the PdAu/Pt NPs, which are responsible for the promotion of the electrocatalytic performance.


Highlights:


1 CNTs-PdAu/Pt trimetallic nanoparticles (NPs, ~3 nm) were synthesized using a straightforward physical approach of RTILs-assisted sputtering deposition.
2 As a high-performance nanocatalyst for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), CNTs-PdAu/Pt NPs show an electrocatalytic peak current of up to 4.4 A mg −1Pt and high stability over 7000 s, which is much superior to those of Pt-based bimetallic NPs and a commercial Pt/C catalyst. The optimal atomic ratio of Pd/Au/Pt, which has the best catalytic performance, was found to be 3:1:2.
3 Synergistic effects arose from charge redistribution among Pd, Au, and Pt in CNTs-PdAu/Pt NPs may be responsible for the promotion of the electrocatalytic activity.

Keywords

CNTs PdAu/Pt Trimetallic nanoparticles Methanol oxidation reaction Electrocatalytic activity Synergistic effects
Cai, Xin-Lei, Chang-Hai Liu, Jie Liu, Ying Lu, Ya-Nan Zhong, Kai-Qi Nie, Jian-Long Xu, Xu Gao, Xu-Hui Sun, and Sui-Dong Wang. 2017. “Synergistic Effects in CNTs-PdAu/Pt Trimetallic Nanoparticles With High Electrocatalytic Activity and Stability”. Nano-Micro Letters 9 (4):48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-017-0149-1.
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
References
  1. P. Liu, Y. Zhao, R. Qin, S. Mo, G. Chen et al., Photochemical route for synthesizing atomically dispersed palladium catalysts. Science 352(6287), 797–800 (2016). doi:10.1126/science.aaf5251
  2. Y. Zhang, X. Cui, F. Shi, Y. Deng, Nano-gold catalysis in fine chemical synthesis. Chem. Rev. 112(4), 2467–2505 (2011). doi:10.1021/cr200260m
  3. N. Cheng, S. Stambula, D. Wang, M.N. Banis, J. Liu et al., Platinum single-atom and cluster catalysis of the hydrogen evolution reaction. Nat. Commun. 7, 13638 (2016). doi:10.1038/ncomms13638
  4. L. He, Y. Liu, J. Liu, Y. Xiong, J. Zheng, Y. Liu, Z. Tang, Core–shell noble-metal@metal-organic-framework nanoparticles with highly selective sensing property. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52(13), 3741–3745 (2013). doi:10.1002/anie.201209903
  5. T. Zheng, S. Bott, Q. Huo, Techniques for accurate sizing of gold nanoparticles using dynamic light scattering with particular application to chemical and biological sensing based on aggregate formation. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8(33), 21585–21594 (2016). doi:10.1021/acsami.6b06903
  6. R.R. Arvizo, S. Bhattacharyya, R.A. Kudgus, K. Giri, R. Bhattacharya, P. Mukherjee, Intrinsic therapeutic applications of noble metal nanoparticles: past, present and future. Chem. Soc. Rev. 41(7), 2943–2970 (2012). doi:10.1039/c2cs15355f
  7. F. Wang, Y.-C. Wang, S. Dou, M.-H. Xiong, T.-M. Sun, J. Wang, Doxorubicin-tethered responsive gold nanoparticles facilitate intracellular drug delivery for overcoming multidrug resistance in cancer cells. ACS Nano 5(5), 3679–3692 (2011). doi:10.1021/nn200007z
  8. Z. Zeng, C. Tan, X. Huang, S. Bao, H. Zhang, Growth of noble metal nanoparticles on single-layer TiS2 and TaS2 nanosheets for hydrogen evolution reaction. Energy Environ. Sci. 7(2), 797–803 (2014). doi:10.1039/C3EE42620C
  9. T. Li, H.-J. You, M.-W. Xu, X.-P. Song, J.-X. Fang, Electrocatalytic properties of hollow coral-like platinum mesocrystals. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 4(12), 6942–6948 (2012). doi:10.1021/am302103e
  10. B. Wu, D. Hu, Y. Kuang, B. Liu, X. Zhang, J. Chen, Functionalization of carbon nanotubes by an ionic-liquid polymer: dispersion of Pt and PtRu nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes and their electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 48(26), 4751–4754 (2009). doi:10.1002/anie.200900899
  11. N. Kakati, J. Maiti, S.H. Lee, S.H. Jee, B. Viswanathan, Y.S. Yoon, Anode catalysts for direct methanol fuel cells in acidic media: Do we have any alternative for Pt or Pt–Ru? Chem. Rev. 114(24), 12397–12429 (2014). doi:10.1021/cr400389f
  12. H.-J. You, J.-X. Fang, Particle-mediated nucleation and growth of solution-synthesized metal nanocrystals: a new story beyond the LaMer curve. Nano Today 11(2), 145–167 (2016). doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2016.04.003
  13. F. Gao, D.W. Goodman, Pd-Au bimetallic catalysts: understanding alloy effects from planar models and (supported) nanoparticles. Chem. Soc. Rev. 41(24), 8009–8020 (2012). doi:10.1039/c2cs35160a
  14. J.-B. Chang, C.-H. Liu, J. Liu, Y.-Y. Zhou, X. Gao, S.-D. Wang, Green-chemistry compatible approach to TiO2-supported PdAu bimetallic nanoparticles for solvent-free 1-phenylethanol oxidation under mild conditions. Nano-Micro Lett. 7(3), 307–315 (2015). doi:10.1007/s40820-015-0044-6
  15. J. Luo, P.N. Njoki, Y. Lin, D. Mott, L. Wang, C.-J. Zhong, Characterization of carbon-supported AuPt nanoparticles for electrocatalytic methanol oxidation reaction. Langmuir 22(6), 2892–2898 (2006). doi:10.1021/la0529557
  16. H. Zhang, N. Toshima, Synthesis of Au/Pt bimetallic nanoparticles with a Pt-rich shell and their high catalytic activities for aerobic glucose oxidation. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 394, 166–176 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2012.11.059
  17. H.-J. You, F.-L. Zhang, Z. Liu, J.-X. Fang, Free-standing Pt–Au hollow nanourchins with enhanced activity and stability for catalytic methanol oxidation. ACS Catal. 4(9), 2829–2835 (2014). doi:10.1021/cs500390s
  18. H. Zhang, M. Jin, Y. Xia, Enhancing the catalytic and electrocatalytic properties of Pt-based catalysts by forming bimetallic nanocrystals with Pd. Chem. Soc. Rev. 41(24), 8035–8049 (2012). doi:10.1039/c2cs35173k
  19. H.-J. You, W.-J. Wang, S.-C. Yang, A universal rule for organic ligand exchange. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6(21), 19035–19040 (2014). doi:10.1021/am504918z
  20. L. Wang, Y. Nemoto, Y. Yamauchi, Direct synthesis of spatially-controlled Pt-on-Pd bimetallic nanodendrites with superior electrocatalytic activity. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133(25), 9674–9677 (2011). doi:10.1021/ja202655j
  21. K. Sasaki, H. Naohara, Y. Choi, Y. Cai, W.-F. Chen, P. Liu, R.R. Adzic, Highly stable Pt monolayer on PdAu nanoparticle electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. Nat. Commun. 3, 1115 (2012). doi:10.1038/ncomms2124
  22. S.W. Kang, Y.W. Lee, Y. Park, B.-S. Choi, J.W. Hong, K.-H. Park, S.W. Han, One-pot synthesis of trimetallic Au@PdPt core–shell nanoparticles with high catalytic performance. ACS Nano 7(9), 7945–7955 (2013). doi:10.1021/nn403027j
  23. L. Zhang, R. Iyyamperumal, D.F. Yancey, R.M. Crooks, G. Henkelman, Design of Pt-shell nanoparticles with alloy cores for the oxygen reduction reaction. ACS Nano 7(10), 9168–9172 (2013). doi:10.1021/nn403788a
  24. H.-J. Zhang, Y.-N. Cao, L.-L. Lu, Z. Cheng, S.-W. Zhang, Trimetallic Au/Pt/Rh nanoparticles as highly active catalysts for aerobic glucose oxidation. Metall. Mater. Trans. B 46(1), 523–530 (2015). doi:10.1007/s11663-014-0219-425
  25. H.-J. Zhang, L.-L. Lu, Y.-N. Cao, S. Du, Z. Cheng, S.-W. Zhang, Fabrication of catalytically active Au/Pt/Pd trimetallic nanoparticles by rapid injection of NaBH4. Mater. Res. Bull. 49, 393–398 (2014). doi:10.1016/j.materresbull.2013.09.025
  26. H. Wender, L.F. de Oliveira, P. Migowski, A.F. Feil, E. Lissner, M.H. Prechtl, S.R. Teixeira, J. Dupont, Ionic liquid surface composition controls the size of gold nanoparticles prepared by sputtering deposition. J. Phys. Chem. C 114(27), 11764–11768 (2010). doi:10.1021/jp102231x
  27. C.-H. Liu, B.-H. Mao, J. Gao, S. Zhang, X. Gao, Z. Liu, S.-T. Lee, X.-H. Sun, S.-D. Wang, Size-controllable self-assembly of metal nanoparticles on carbon nanostructures in room-temperature ionic liquids by simple sputtering deposition. Carbon 50(8), 3008–3014 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2012.02.086
  28. C.-H. Liu, R.-H. Liu, Q.-J. Sun, J.-B. Chang, X. Gao, Y. Liu, S.-T. Lee, Z.-H. Kang, S.-D. Wang, Controlled synthesis and synergistic effects of graphene-supported PdAu bimetallic nanoparticles with tunable catalytic properties. Nanoscale 7(14), 6356–6362 (2015). doi:10.1039/C4NR06855F
  29. Y.-Y. Zhou, C.-H. Liu, J. Liu, X.-L. Cai, Y. Lu, H. Zhang, X.-H. Sun, S.-D. Wang, Self-decoration of PtNi alloy nanoparticles on multiwalled carbon nanotubes for highly efficient methanol electro-oxidation. Nano-Micro Lett. 8(4), 371–380 (2016). doi:10.1007/s40820-016-0096-2
  30. K. Yoshii, T. Tsuda, T. Arimura, A. Imanishi, T. Torimoto, S. Kuwabata, Platinum nanoparticle immobilization onto carbon nanotubes using Pt-sputtered room-temperature ionic liquid. RSC Adv. 2(22), 8262–8264 (2012). doi:10.1039/c2ra21243a
  31. Y. Zhao, L. Fan, H. Zhong, Y. Li, S. Yang, Platinum nanoparticle clusters immobilized on multiwalled carbon nanotubes: electrodeposition and enhanced electrocatalytic activity for methanol oxidation. Adv. Funct. Mater. 17(9), 1537–1541 (2007). doi:10.1002/adfm.200600416
  32. Y. Shen, K. Xiao, J. Xi, X. Qiu, Comparison study of few-layered graphene supported platinum and platinum alloys for methanol and ethanol electro-oxidation. J. Power Sources 278, 235–244 (2015). doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.12.062
  33. L. Wang, Y. Yamauchi, Autoprogrammed synthesis of triple-layered Au@ Pd@Pt core-shell nanoparticles consisting of a Au@Pd bimetallic core and nanoporous Pt shell. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132(39), 13636–13638 (2010). doi:10.1021/ja105640p
  34. L. Wang, Y. Yamauchi, Strategic synthesis of trimetallic Au@ Pd@ Pt core–shell nanoparticles from poly (vinylpyrrolidone)-based aqueous solution toward highly active electrocatalysts. Chem. Mater. 23(9), 2457–2465 (2011). doi:10.1021/cm200382s
  35. S. Dutta, C. Ray, A.K. Sasmal, Y. Negishi, T. Pal, Fabrication of dog-bone shaped Au NR core–Pt/Pd shell trimetallic nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide nanosheets for excellent electrocatalysis. J. Mater. Chem. A 4(10), 3765–3776 (2016). doi:10.1039/C6TA00379F
  36. K. Okazaki, T. Kiyama, K. Hirahara, N. Tanaka, S. Kuwabata, T. Torimoto, Single-step synthesis of gold–silver alloy nanoparticles in ionic liquids by a sputter deposition technique. Chem. Commun. 6, 691–693 (2008). doi:10.1039/B714761A
  37. C.-H. Liu, X.-Q. Chen, Y.-F. Hu, T.-K. Sham, Q.-J. Sun, J.-B. Chang, X. Gao, X.-H. Sun, S.-D. Wang, One-pot environmentally friendly approach toward highly catalytically active bimetal-nanoparticle-graphene hybrids. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5(11), 5072–5079 (2013). doi:10.1021/am4008853
  38. X. Li, X. Hong, PdPt@Au core@shell nanoparticles: alloyed-core manipulation of CO electrocatalytic oxidation properties. Catal. Commun. 83, 70–73 (2016). doi:10.1016/j.catcom.2016.05.012
  39. H. Tada, F. Suzuki, S. Ito, T. Akita, K. Tanaka, T. Kawahara, H. Kobayashi, Au-core/Pt-shell bimetallic cluster-loaded TiO2. 1. Adsorption of organosulfur compound. J. Phys. Chem. B 106(34), 8714–8720 (2002). doi:10.1021/jp0202690
  40. E. Bus, J.A. van Bokhoven, Electronic, geometric structures of supported platinum, gold, and platinum-gold catalysts. J. Phys. Chem. C 111(27), 9761–9768 (2007). doi:10.1021/jp067414k
  41. X. Teng, M. Feygenson, Q. Wang, J. He, W. Du, A.I. Frenkel, W. Han, M. Aronson, Electronic and magnetic properties of ultrathin Au/Pt nanowires. Nano Lett. 9(9), 3177–3184 (2009). doi:10.1021/nl9013716
  42. P. Zhang, T. Sham, X-ray studies of the structure and electronic behavior of alkanethiolate-capped gold nanoparticles: the interplay of size and surface effects. Phys. Rev. Lett. 90(24), 245502 (2003). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.245502
  43. J.-J. Lv, J.-N. Zheng, Y.-Y. Wang, A.-J. Wang, L.-L. Chen, J.-J. Feng, A simple one-pot strategy to platinum–palladium@palladium core–shell nanostructures with high electrocatalytic activity. J. Power Sources 265, 231–238 (2014). doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.04.108
  44. H.-J. Zhang, L.-L. Lu, K. Kawashima, M. Okumura, M. Haruta, N. Toshima, Synthesis and catalytic activity of crown jewel-structured (IrPd)/Au trimetallic nanoclusters. Adv. Mater. 27(8), 1383–1388 (2015). doi:10.1002/adma.201404870
  45. Y. Xia, H.B. Wu, N. Li, Y. Yan, X.W. Lou, X. Wang, One-pot synthesis of Pt–Co alloy nanowire assemblies with tunable composition and enhanced electrocatalytic properties. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 54(12), 3797–3801 (2015). doi:10.1002/ange.201411544
Read More
Author biographies are not available.
Download this PDF file
PDF SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL
Statistic
Read Counter : 3825 Download : 2905

Most read articles by the same author(s)