Issue

Vol. 13 (2021)

Cryogenic Exfoliation of 2D Stanene Nanosheets for Cancer Theranostics

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-021-00619-1
Jiang Ouyang
The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
Ling Zhang
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
Leijiao Li
School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
Wei Chen
Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Zhongmin Tang
Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Xiaoyuan Ji
Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Chan Feng
Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Na Tao
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
Na Kong
Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Tianfeng Chen
The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
You‑Nian Liu
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
Wei Tao
Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA

Corresponding Author: Wei Tao

wtao@bwh.harvard.edu

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 13 (2021), Article Number: 90

Abstract

Stanene (Sn)-based materials have been extensively applied in industrial production and daily life, but their potential biomedical application remains largely unexplored, which is due to the absence of the appropriate and effective methods for fabricating Sn-based biomaterials. Herein, we explored a new approach combining cryogenic exfoliation and liquid-phase exfoliation to successfully manufacture two-dimensional (2D) Sn nanosheets (SnNSs). The obtained SnNSs exhibited a typical sheet-like structure with an average size of ~ 100 nm and a thickness of ~ 5.1 nm. After PEGylation, the resulting PEGylated SnNSs (SnNSs@PEG) exhibited good stability, superior biocompatibility, and excellent photothermal performance, which could serve as robust photothermal agents for multi-modal imaging (fluorescence/photoacoustic/photothermal imaging)-guided photothermal elimination of cancer. Furthermore, we also used first-principles density functional theory calculations to investigate the photothermal mechanism of SnNSs, revealing that the free electrons in upper and lower layers of SnNSs contribute to the conversion of the photo to thermal. This work not only introduces a new approach to fabricate 2D SnNSs but also establishes the SnNSs-based nanomedicines for photonic cancer theranostics. This new type of SnNSs with great potential in the field of nanomedicines may spur a wave of developing Sn-based biological materials to benefit biomedical applications.


Highlights:


1 2D Sn nanosheets (SnNSs) were prepared through the combination of cryogenic exfoliation and liquid-phase exfoliation.
2 The functionalized 2D SnNSs have good stability, superior biocompatibility, high photothermal conversion efficiency, and multimode imaging capability.

Keywords

Stanene Two-dimensional Cryogenic exfoliation Cancer theranostics Nanomedicine
Ouyang, Jiang, Ling Zhang, Leijiao Li, Wei Chen, Zhongmin Tang, Xiaoyuan Ji, Chan Feng, Na Tao, Na Kong, Tianfeng Chen, You‑Nian Liu, and Wei Tao. 2021. “Cryogenic Exfoliation of 2D Stanene Nanosheets for Cancer Theranostics”. Nano-Micro Letters 13 (March):90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-021-00619-1.
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