Issue

Vol. 13 (2021)

Cryogenic Exfoliation of 2D Stanene Nanosheets for Cancer Theranostics

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-021-00619-1
Jiang Ouyang
The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
Ling Zhang
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
Leijiao Li
School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
Wei Chen
Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Zhongmin Tang
Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Xiaoyuan Ji
Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Chan Feng
Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Na Tao
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
Na Kong
Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Tianfeng Chen
The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
You‑Nian Liu
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
Wei Tao
Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA

Corresponding Author: Wei Tao

wtao@bwh.harvard.edu

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 13 (2021), Article Number: 90

Abstract

Stanene (Sn)-based materials have been extensively applied in industrial production and daily life, but their potential biomedical application remains largely unexplored, which is due to the absence of the appropriate and effective methods for fabricating Sn-based biomaterials. Herein, we explored a new approach combining cryogenic exfoliation and liquid-phase exfoliation to successfully manufacture two-dimensional (2D) Sn nanosheets (SnNSs). The obtained SnNSs exhibited a typical sheet-like structure with an average size of ~ 100 nm and a thickness of ~ 5.1 nm. After PEGylation, the resulting PEGylated SnNSs (SnNSs@PEG) exhibited good stability, superior biocompatibility, and excellent photothermal performance, which could serve as robust photothermal agents for multi-modal imaging (fluorescence/photoacoustic/photothermal imaging)-guided photothermal elimination of cancer. Furthermore, we also used first-principles density functional theory calculations to investigate the photothermal mechanism of SnNSs, revealing that the free electrons in upper and lower layers of SnNSs contribute to the conversion of the photo to thermal. This work not only introduces a new approach to fabricate 2D SnNSs but also establishes the SnNSs-based nanomedicines for photonic cancer theranostics. This new type of SnNSs with great potential in the field of nanomedicines may spur a wave of developing Sn-based biological materials to benefit biomedical applications.


Highlights:


1 2D Sn nanosheets (SnNSs) were prepared through the combination of cryogenic exfoliation and liquid-phase exfoliation.
2 The functionalized 2D SnNSs have good stability, superior biocompatibility, high photothermal conversion efficiency, and multimode imaging capability.

Keywords

Stanene Two-dimensional Cryogenic exfoliation Cancer theranostics Nanomedicine
Ouyang, Jiang, Ling Zhang, Leijiao Li, Wei Chen, Zhongmin Tang, Xiaoyuan Ji, Chan Feng, Na Tao, Na Kong, Tianfeng Chen, You‑Nian Liu, and Wei Tao. 2021. “Cryogenic Exfoliation of 2D Stanene Nanosheets for Cancer Theranostics”. Nano-Micro Letters 13 (March):90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-021-00619-1.
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
References
  1. F.H. Nielsen, H.H. Sandstead, Are nickel, vanadium, silicon, fluorine, and tin essential for man? A Rev. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 27, 515–520 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/27.5.515
  2. S.A. Sadeek, M.S. Refat, H.A. Hashem, Complexation and thermogravimetric investigation on tin (ii) and tin (iv) with norfloxacin as antibacterial agent. J. Coord. Chem. 59, 759–775 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1080/00958970500404534
  3. B.S. Rathore, G. Sharma, D. Pathania, V.K. Gupta, Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of cellulose acetate–tin (IV) phosphate nanocomposite. Carbohydr. Polym. 103, 221–227 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.12.011
  4. A.K. Gain, L. Zhang, M.Z. Quadir, Thermal aging effects on microstructures and mechanical properties of an environmentally friendly eutectic tin-copper solder alloy. Mater. Des. 110, 275–283 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.08.007
  5. M. Ozaki, Y. Katsuki, J. Liu, T. Handa, R. Nishikubo et al., Solvent-coordinated tin halide complexes as purified precursors for tin-based perovskites. ACS Omega 2, 7016–7021 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.7b01292
  6. S.J. Risch, Food packaging history and innovations. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 57, 8089–8092 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1021/jf900040r
  7. A. McSweeney, The Tin trade and medieval ceramics: tracing the sources of tin and its influence on mediterranean ceramics production. Al-Masaq 23, 155–169 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1080/09503110.2011.617061
  8. W. Mertz, The newer essential trace elements, chromium, tin, vanadium, nickel and silicon. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 33, 307–313 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1079/PNS19740054
  9. M. Kanisawa, H.A. Schroeder, Life term studies on the effects of arsenic, germanium, tin, and vanadium on spontaneous tumors in mice. Cancer Res. 27, 1192–1195 (1967)
  10. A.J. Crowe, Antitumour Activity of Tin Compounds (Springer, NewYork, 1994), pp. 147–179
  11. H.A. Schroeder, J.J. Balassa, Arsenic, germanium, tin and vanadium in mice: effects on growth, survival and tissue levels. J. Nutr. 92, 245–252 (1967). https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/92.2.245
  12. R.K. Bhavadharani, V. Nagarajan, R. Chandiramouli, Density functional study on the binding properties of nucleobases to stanane nanosheet. Appl. Surf. Sci. 462, 831–839 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.066
  13. S. Schäfer, U. Femfert, Tin—a toxic heavy metal? A review of the literature. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 4, 57–69 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-2300(84)90006-0
  14. K. Narasimhan, L.B. Wingard, Site-specific immobilization of flavin adenine dinucleotide on indium/tin oxide electrodes through flavin adenine amino group. Appl. Biochem. Biotech. 11, 221–232 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02798478
  15. Z. Tang, N. Kong, J. Ouyang, C. Feng, N.Y. Kim et al., Phosphorus science-oriented design and synthesis of multifunctional nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Matter 2, 297–322 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2019.12.007
  16. X. Zhou, L. Gan, W. Tian, Q. Zhang, S. Jin et al., Ultrathin SnSe2 flakes grown by chemical vapor deposition for high-performance photodetectors. Adv. Mater. 27, 8035–8041 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201503873
  17. J.S. Liu, X.H. Li, Y.X. Guo, A. Qyyum, Z.J. Shi et al., SnSe2 nanosheets for subpicosecond harmonic mode-locked pulse generation. Small 15, 1902811 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201902811
  18. M. Gao, Z. Wang, H. Zheng, L. Wang, S. Xu et al., Two-dimensional tin selenide (SnSe) nanosheets capable of mimicking key dehydrogenases in cellular metabolism. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 132, 3647–3652 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201913035
  19. K. Patel, G. Solanki, K. Patel, V. Pathak, P. Chauhan, Investigation of optical, electrical and optoelectronic properties of SnSe crystals. Eur. Phys. J. B 92, 1–11 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2019-100306-8
  20. Z. Tang, P. Zhao, D. Ni, Y. Liu, M. Zhang et al., Pyroelectric nanoplatform for NIR-II-triggered photothermal therapy with simultaneous pyroelectric dynamic therapy. Mater. Horiz. 5, 946–952 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/C8MH00627J
  21. A.S. Pawbake, S.R. Jadkar, D.J. Late, High performance humidity sensor and photodetector based on SnSe nanorods. Mater. Res. Express 3, 105038 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/3/10/105038
  22. S.K. Sahoo, K.-H. Wei, A perspective on recent advances in 2D stanene nanosheets. Adv. Mater. Interfaces 6, 1900752 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201900752
  23. F.-F. Zhu, W.-J. Chen, Y. Xu, C.-L. Gao, D.-D. Guan et al., Epitaxial growth of two-dimensional stanene. Nat. Mater. 14, 1020–1025 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4384
  24. C.-Z. Xu, Y.-H. Chan, P. Chen, X. Wang, D. Flötotto et al., Gapped electronic structure of epitaxial stanene on InSb (111). Phys. Rev. B 97, 035122 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.97.035122
  25. M. Liao, Y. Zang, Z. Guan, H. Li, Y. Gong et al., Superconductivity in few-layer stanene. Nat. Phys. 14, 344–348 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-017-0031-6
  26. J. Gou, L. Kong, H. Li, Q. Zhong, W. Li, K. Wu et al., Strain-induced band engineering in monolayer stanene on Sb (111). Phy. Rev. Mater. 1, 054004 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.1.054004
  27. H. Lin, W. Qiu, J. Liu, L. Yu, S. Gao et al., Silicene: wet-chemical exfoliation synthesis and biodegradable tumor nanomedicine. Adv. Mater. 31, 1903013 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201903013
  28. S. Saxena, R.P. Chaudhary, S. Shukla, Stanene: atomically thick free-standing layer of 2D hexagonal tin. Sci. Rep. 6, 31073 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep31073
  29. J. Ma, J. Gu, B. Li, S. Yang, Facile fabrication of 2D stanene nanosheets via a dealloying strategy for potassium storage. Chem. Commun. 55, 3983–3986 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/C9CC00332K
  30. J.K. Lyu, S.F. Zhang, C.W. Zhang, P.J. Wang, Stanene: a promising material for new electronic and spintronic applications. Ann. Phys. Berl. 531, 1900017 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.201900017
  31. B. Peng, H. Zhang, H. Shao, Y. Xu, X. Zhang et al., Low lattice thermal conductivity of stanene. Sci. Rep. 6, 20225 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20225
  32. M.A. Tarselli, Tin can. Nat. Chem. 9, 500–500 (2017)
  33. B. Cornelius, S. Treivish, Y. Rosenthal, M. Pecht, The phenomenon of tin pest: a review. Microelectron. Reliab. 7, 175–192 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2017.10.030
  34. M. Gilberg, History of tin pest: the museum disease. AICCM Bull. 17, 3–20 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1179/bac.1991.17.1-2.001
  35. W. Tao, N. Kong, X. Ji, Y. Zhang, A. Sharma et al., Emerging two-dimensional monoelemental materials (xenes) for biomedical applications. Chem. Soc. Rev. 48, 2891–2912 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CS00823J
  36. W. Chen, J. Ouyang, H. Liu, M. Chen, K. Zeng et al., Black phosphorus nanosheet-based drug delivery system for synergistic photodynamic/photothermal/chemotherapy of cancer. Adv. Mater. 29, 1603864 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201603864
  37. W. Chen, C. Liu, X. Ji, J. Joseph, Z. Tang et al., Stanene-based nanosheets for β-elemene delivery and ultrasound-mediated combination cancer therapy. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202016330
  38. X. Ji, Y. Kang, J. Ouyang, Y. Chen, D. Artzi et al., Synthesis of ultrathin biotite nanosheets as an intelligent theranostic platform for combination cancer therapy. Adv. Sci. 6, 1901211 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201901211
  39. C. Liu, J. Shin, S. Son, Y. Choe, N. Farokhzad et al., Pnictogens in medicinal chemistry: evolution from erstwhile drugs to emerging layered photonic nanomedicine. Chem. Soc. Rev. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1039/D0CS01175D
  40. J. Ouyang, X. Ji, X. Zhang, C. Feng, Z. Tang et al., In situ sprayed NIR-responsive, analgesic black phosphorus-based gel for diabetic ulcer treatment. PNAS 117, 28667–28677 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016268117
  41. K. Hu, L. Xie, Y. Zhang, M. Hanyu, Z. Yang et al., Marriage of black phosphorus and Cu2+ as effective photothermal agents for pet-guided combination cancer therapy. Nat. Commun. 11, 2778 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16513-0
  42. J. Ouyang, L. Deng, W. Chen, J. Sheng, Z. Liu et al., Two dimensional semiconductors for ultrasound-mediated cancer therapy: the case of black phosphorus nanosheets. Chem. Commun. 54, 2874–2877 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CC00392K
  43. W. Tao, X. Zhu, X. Yu, X. Zeng, Q. Xiao et al., Black phosphorus nanosheets as a robust delivery platform for cancer theranostics. Adv. Mater. 29, 1603276 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201603276
  44. N. Kong, X. Ji, J. Wang, X. Sun, G. Chen et al., ROS-mediated selective killing effect of black phosphorus: mechanistic understanding and its guidance for safe biomedical applications. Nano Lett. 20, 3943–3955 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01098
  45. W. Tao, X. Ji, X. Xu, M.A. Islam, Z. Li et al., Antimonene quantum dots: synthesis and application as near-infrared photothermal agents for effective cancer therapy. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 56, 11896–11900 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201703657
  46. W. Tao, X. Ji, X. Zhu, L. Li, J. Wang et al., Two-dimensional antimonene-based photonic nanomedicine for cancer theranostics. Adv. Mater. 30, 1802061 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201802061
  47. J. Ouyang, C. Feng, X. Ji, L. Li, H.K. Gutti et al., 2D monoelemental germanene quantum dots: synthesis as robust photothermal agents for photonic cancer nanomedicine. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 131, 13539–13544 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201908377
  48. C. Feng, J. Ouyang, Z. Tang, N. Kong, Y. Liu et al., Germanene-based theranostic materials for surgical adjuvant treatment: inhibiting tumor recurrence and wound infection. Matter 3, 127–144 (2020)
  49. S. Balendhran, S. Walia, H. Nili, S. Sriram, M. Bhaskaran, Elemental analogues of graphene: silicene, germanene, stanene, and phosphorene. Small 11, 640–652 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201402041
  50. T. Hartman, Z. Sofer, Beyond graphene: chemistry of group 14 graphene analogues: Silicene, germanene, and stanene. ACS Nano 13, 8566–8576 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b04466
  51. Z. Gu, P.B. Balbuena, Atomic oxygen absorption into pt-based alloy subsurfaces. J. Phy. Chem. C 112, 5057–5065 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp711875e
  52. G. Kresse, D. Joubert, From ultrasoft pseudopotentials to the projector augmented-wave method. Phy. Rev. B 59, 1758 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.59.1758
  53. J.T. Robinson, S.M. Tabakman, Y. Liang, H. Wang, H. Sanchez Casalongue et al., Ultrasmall reduced graphene oxide with high near-infrared absorbance for photothermal therapy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 6825–6831 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja2010175
  54. J. Zeng, D. Goldfeld, Y. Xia, A plasmon-assisted optofluidic (PAOF) system for measuring the photothermal conversion efficiencies of gold nanostructures and controlling an electrical switch. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 125, 4263–4267 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201210359
  55. Y. Liu, K. Ai, J. Liu, M. Deng, Y. He et al., Dopamine-melanin colloidal nanospheres: an efficient near-infrared photothermal therapeutic agent for in vivo cancer therapy. Adv. Mater. 25, 1353–1359 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201204683
  56. B. Li, Q. Wang, R. Zou, X. Liu, K. Xu et al., Cu7.2S4 nanocrystals: a novel photothermal agent with a 56.7% photothermal conversion efficiency for photothermal therapy of cancer cells. Nanoscale 6, 3274–3282 (2014)
  57. H. Shirai, M.T. Nguyen, Y. Ishida, T. Yonezawa, A new approach for additive-free room temperature sintering of conductive patterns using polymer-stabilized Sn nanoparticles. J. Mater. Chem. C 4, 2228–2234 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TC00161K
  58. Z. Wen, S. Cui, H. Kim, S. Mao, K. Yu et al., Binding Sn-based nanoparticles on graphene as the anode of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. J. Mater. Chem. 22, 3300–3306 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1039/C2JM14999K
  59. J. Wang, Y. Li, L. Deng, N. Wei, Y. Weng et al., High-performance photothermal conversion of narrow-bandgap Ti2O3 nanoparticles. Adv. Mater. 29, 1603730 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201603730
  60. Q. Zhu, K. Ye, W. Zhu, W. Xu, C. Zou et al., A hydrogenated metal oxide with full solar spectrum absorption for highly efficient photothermal water evaporation. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 11, 2502–2509 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00592
  61. X. Zhang, H. Xie, Z. Liu, C. Tan, Z. Luo et al., Black phosphorus quantum dots. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 54, 3653–3657 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201409400
  62. J. Xiaoyuan, K. Na, W. Junqing, L. Wenliang, X. Yuling et al., A novel top-down synthesis of ultrathin 2D boron nanosheets for multimodal imaging-guided cancer therapy. Adv. Mater. 30, 1803031 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201803031
  63. Z. Miao, D. Hu, D. Gao, L. Fan, Y. Ma et al., Tiny 2D silicon quantum sheets: a brain photonic nanoagent for orthotopic glioma theranostics. Sci. Bull. 66(2), 147–157 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2020.09.027
  64. Y. Du, Z. Chen, J.Y. Lee, P. Lin, F. Xia et al., Designed fabrication of mesoporous silica-templated self-assembled theranostic nanomedicines. Sci. China Chem. 64, 204–217 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-020-9869-4
  65. H. Liao, Z. Liang, N. Wang, M. Wei, Y. Chen et al., Dynamic supraparticles for the treatment of age-related diseases. Sci. Bull. 64, 1850–1874 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2019.08.003
  66. P. Lin, J. Lee, Y. Chen, F. Li, D. Ling, Nanotechnology enabled metal-ion-based disease diagnostics. Sci. Bull. 65, 1587–1589 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2020.06.006
  67. J. Ouyang, Y. Deng, W. Chen, Q. Xu, L. Wang et al., Marriage of artificial catalase and black phosphorus nanosheets for reinforced photodynamic antitumor therapy. J. Mater. Chem. B 6, 2057–2064 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TB00371H
Read More
Author biographies are not available.
Download this PDF file
PDF SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL
Statistic
Read Counter : 7253 Download : 5438

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>