Issue

Vol. 15 (2023)

The Critical Role of Fillers in Composite Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01051-3
Xueying Yang
College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People’s Republic of China
Jiaxiang Liu
College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People’s Republic of China
Nanbiao Pei
College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People’s Republic of China
Zhiqiang Chen
College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People’s Republic of China
Ruiyang Li
State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State‑Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Power Source Technology for New Energy Vehicle, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
Lijun Fu
College of Energy, Nanjing Technical University, Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China
Peng Zhang
College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People’s Republic of China
Jinbao Zhao
State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State‑Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Power Source Technology for New Energy Vehicle, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Jinbao Zhao

jbzhao@xmu.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 15 (2023), Article Number: 74

Abstract

With excellent energy densities and highly safe performance, solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs) have been hailed as promising energy storage devices. Solid-state electrolyte is the core component of SSLBs and plays an essential role in the safety and electrochemical performance of the cells. Composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) are considered as one of the most promising candidates among all solid-state electrolytes due to their excellent comprehensive performance. In this review, we briefly introduce the components of CPEs, such as the polymer matrix and the species of fillers, as well as the integration of fillers in the polymers. In particular, we focus on the two major obstacles that affect the development of CPEs: the low ionic conductivity of the electrolyte and high interfacial impedance. We provide insight into the factors influencing ionic conductivity, in terms of macroscopic and microscopic aspects, including the aggregated structure of the polymer, ion migration rate and carrier concentration. In addition, we also discuss the electrode–electrolyte interface and summarize methods for improving this interface. It is expected that this review will provide feasible solutions for modifying CPEs through further understanding of the ion conduction mechanism in CPEs and for improving the compatibility of the electrode–electrolyte interface.


Highlights:


1 The mechanism of the change in lithium-ion transport behavior caused by the incorporation of inorganic fillers into the polymer matrix is reviewed.
2 The intrinsic factors of inorganic fillers to enhance the ionic conductivity of composite polymer electrolyte (CPEs) are investigated in depth.
3 The contribution of inorganic fillers to inhibit dendrite growth and side reactions in CPEs is summarized.

Keywords

Composite polymer electrolytes Fillers Ionic conductivity Electrode–electrolyte interface
Yang, Xueying, Jiaxiang Liu, Nanbiao Pei, Zhiqiang Chen, Ruiyang Li, Lijun Fu, Peng Zhang, and Jinbao Zhao. 2023. “The Critical Role of Fillers in Composite Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery”. Nano-Micro Letters 15 (March):74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01051-3.
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
References
  1. J. Wang, S. Guo, Z. Li, W. Kou, J. Zhu et al., Highly conductive thin composite solid electrolyte with vertical Li7La3Zr2O12 sheet arrays for high-energy-density all-solid-state lithium battery. Chem. Eng. J. 450(1), 137994 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.137994
  2. F. Ye, X. Zhang, K. Liao, Q. Lu, X. Zou et al., A smart lithiophilic polymer filler in gel polymer electrolyte enables stable and dendrite-free Li metal anode. J. Mater. Chem. A 8(19), 9733–9742 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TA02499F
  3. Z. Ding, Q. Tang, Y. Liu, P. Yao, C. Liu et al., Integrate multifunctional ionic sieve lithiated X zeolite-ionic liquid electrolyte for solid-state lithium metal batteries with ultralong lifespan. Chem. Eng. J. 433(2), 133522 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.133522
  4. Y. Yang, H. Zhou, J. Xie, L. Bao, T. Li et al., Organic fast ion-conductor with ordered Li-ion conductive nano-pathways and high ionic conductivity for electrochemical energy storage. J. Energy Chem. 66, 647–656 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2021.09.011
  5. X. Li, Y. Wang, K. Xi, W. Yu, J. Feng et al., Quasi-solid-state ion-conducting arrays composite electrolytes with fast ion transport vertical-aligned interfaces for all-weather practical lithium-metal batteries. Nano-Micro Lett. 14(1), 210 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-022-00952-z
  6. X.Y. Li, C.X. Zhao, B.Q. Li, J.Q. Huang, Q. Zhang, Advances on composite cathodes for lithium-sulfur batteries. J. Electrochem. 28(12), 2219013 (2022). https://doi.org/10.13208/j.electrochem.2219013
  7. W. Zha, W. Li, Y. Ruan, J. Wang, Z. Wen, In situ fabricated ceramic/polymer hybrid electrolyte with vertically aligned structure for solid-state lithium batteries. Energy Storage Mater. 36, 171–178 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2020.12.028
  8. H. Duan, L. Li, K. Zou, Y. Deng, G. Chen, Cyclodextrin-integrated PEO-based composite solid electrolytes for high-rate and ultrastable all-solid-state lithium batteries. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 13(48), 57380–57391 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c18589
  9. S. Woo, B. Kang, Superior compatibilities of a LiSiCON-type oxide solid electrolyte enable high energy density all-solid-state batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 10, 23185–23194 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1039/D2TA05948G
  10. H. Choi, M. Kim, H. Lee, S. Jung, Y.-G. Lee et al., Unexpected pressure effects on sulfide-based polymer-in-ceramic solid electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries. Nano Energy 102, 107679 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.107679
  11. S. Liu, W. Liu, D. Ba, Y. Zhao, Y. Ye et al., Filler-integrated composite polymer electrolyte for solid-state lithium batteries. Adv. Mater. 35, 2110423 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202110423
  12. Z. Cheng, T. Liu, B. Zhao, F. Shen, H. Jin et al., Recent advances in organic-inorganic composite solid electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium batteries. Energy Storage Mater. 34, 388–416 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2020.09.016
  13. G. Yang, Y. Song, L. Deng, Polyaddition enabled functional polymer/inorganic hybrid electrolytes for lithium metal batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 9(11), 6881–6889 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TA11730G
  14. X. Li, L. Cong, S. Ma, S. Shi, Y. Li et al., Low resistance and high stable solid–liquid electrolyte interphases enable high-voltage solid-state lithium metal batteries. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(20), 2010611 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202010611
  15. M. Liu, Z. Cheng, S. Ganapathy, C. Wang, L.A. Haverkate et al., Tandem interface and bulk li-ion transport in a hybrid solid electrolyte with microsized active filler. ACS Energy Lett. 4(9), 2336–2342 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.9b01371
  16. X. Zheng, J. Wu, X. Wang, Z. Yang, Cellulose-reinforced poly (cyclocarbonate-ether)-based composite polymer electrolyte and facile gel interfacial modification for solid-state lithium-ion batteries. Chem. Eng. J. 446(3), 137194 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.137194
  17. Y. Jin, X. Zong, X. Zhang, Z. Jia, H. Xie et al., Constructing 3D Li+-percolated transport network in composite polymer electrolytes for rechargeable quasi-solid-state lithium batteries. Energy Storage Mater. 49, 433–444 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2022.04.035
  18. X. Yu, A. Manthiram, A review of composite polymer-ceramic electrolytes for lithium batteries. Energy Storage Mater. 34, 282–300 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2020.10.006
  19. S. Su, J. Ma, L. Zhao, K. Lin, Q. Li et al., Progress and perspective of the cathode/electrolyte interface construction in all-solid-state lithium batteries. Carbon Energy 3(6), 866–894 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.129
  20. Z. Shen, Y. Cheng, S. Sun, X. Ke, L. Liu et al., The critical role of inorganic nanofillers in solid polymer composite electrolyte for i+ transportation. Carbon Energy 3(3), 482–508 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.108
  21. H. Chen, M. Zheng, S. Qian, H.Y. Ling, Z. Wu et al., Functional additives for solid polymer electrolytes in flexible and high-energy-density solid-state lithium-ion batteries. Carbon Energy 3(6), 929–956 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.146
  22. G. Zhang, J. Shu, L. Xu, X. Cai, W. Zou et al., Pancake-like MOF solid-state electrolytes with fast ion migration for high-performance sodium battery. Nano-Micro Lett. 13(1), 105 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-021-00628-0
  23. C. Liu, J. Wang, W. Kou, Z. Yang, P. Zhai et al., A flexible, ion-conducting solid electrolyte with vertically bicontinuous transfer channels toward high performance all-solid-state lithium batteries. Chem. Eng. J. 404, 126517 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.126517
  24. Z. Lu, L. Peng, Y. Rong, E. Wang, R. Shi et al., Enhanced electrochemical proterties and optimiazed Li+ transmission pathways of PEO/LLZTO-based composite electrolytes modified by supramolecular combination. Energy Environ. Mater. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/eem2.12498
  25. S. Li, S.Q. Zhang, L. Shen, Q. Liu, J.B. Ma et al., Progress and perspective of ceramic/polymer composite solid electrolytes for lithium batteries. Adv. Sci. 7(5), 1903088 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201903088
  26. C. Guo, L. He, Y.H. Yao, W.Z. Lin, Y.Z. Zhang et al., Bifunctional liquid metals allow electrical insulating phase change materials to dual-mode thermal manage the Li-ion batteries. Nano-Micro Lett. 14(1), 202 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-022-0094
  27. J.J. Xu, critical review on cathode–electrolyte interphase toward high-voltage cathodes for Li-ion batteries. Nano-Micro Lett. 14(1), 166 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-022-00917
  28. M. Du, Y. Sun, B. Liu, B. Chen, K. Liao et al., Smart construction of an intimate lithium | garnet interface for all-solid-state batteries by tuning the tension of molten lithium. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(31), 2101556 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202101556
  29. C. Guo, Y. Shen, P. Mao, K. Liao, M. Du et al., Grafting of lithiophilic and electron-blocking interlayer for garnet-based solid-state li metal batteries via one-step anhydrous poly-phosphoric acid post-treatment. Adv. Funct. Mater. 21(3), 2213443 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202213443
  30. G. DiMarco, M. Lanza, M. Pieruccini, Electrical conductivity in ionic complexes of poly(ethylene oxide). Solid State Ion. 89(1–2), 117–125 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2738(96)00032-X
  31. D. Baril, C. Michot, M. Armand, Electrochemistry of liquids vs. solids: polymer electrolytes. Solid State Ion. 94(1–4), 35–47 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2738(96)00614-5
  32. M. Armand, The history of polymer electrolytes. Solid State Ion. 69(3–4), 309–319 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2738(94)90419-7
  33. J. Lu, P. Jaumaux, T. Wang, C. Wang, G. Wang, Recent progress in quasi-solid and solid polymer electrolytes for multivalent metal-ion batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 9(43), 24175–24194 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1039/D1TA06606D
  34. L. Long, S. Wang, M. Xiao, Y. Meng, Polymer electrolytes for lithium polymer batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 4(26), 10038–10069 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TA02621D
  35. R. Tanaka, M. Sakurai, H. Sekiguchi, H. Mori, T. Murayama et al., Lithium ion conductivity in polyoxyethylene/polyethylenimine blends. Electrochim. Acta 46(10), 1709–1715 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-4686(00)00775-1
  36. Q. Zhou, J. Ma, S. Dong, X. Li, G. Cui, Intermolecular chemistry in solid polymer electrolytes for high-energy-density lithium batteries. Adv. Mater. 31(50), 1902029 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201902029
  37. P.W. Majewski, M. Gopinadhan, W.S. Jang, J.L. Lutkenhaus, C.O. Osuji, Anisotropic ionic conductivity in block copolymer membranes by magnetic field alignment. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132(49), 17516–17522 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja107309p
  38. S. Srivastava, J.L. Schaefer, Z.C. Yang, Z.Y. Tu, L.A. Archer, 25th anniversary : polymer–p composites: phase stability and applications in electrochemical energy storage. Adv. Mater. 26(2), 201–233 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201303070
  39. E. Staunton, Y.G. Andreev, P.G. Bruce, Factors influencing the conductivity of crystalline polymer electrolytes. Faraday Discuss. 134, 143–156 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1039/B601945E
  40. Z. Gadjourova, D. Martín y Marero, K.H. Andersen, Y.G. Andreev, P.G. Bruce, Structures of the polymer electrolyte complexes PEO6:LiXF6 (X = P, Sb), determined from neutron powder diffraction data. Chem. Mater. 13(4), 1282–1285 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1021/cm000949k
  41. Z. Gadjourova, Y.G. Andreev, D.P. Tunstall, P.G. Bruce, Ionic conductivity in crystalline polymer electrolytes. Nature 412(6846), 520–523 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1038/35087538
  42. D. Zhou, D. Shanmukaraj, A. Tkacheva, M. Armand, G. Wang, Polymer electrolytes for lithium-based batteries: advances and prospects. Chem 5(9), 2326–2352 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2019.05.009
  43. P.W. Majewski, M. Gopinadhan, W.S. Jang, J.L. Lutkenhaus, C.O. Osuji, Structural and electrochemical properties of succinonitrile-based gel polymer electrolytes: role of ionic liquid addition. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132(49), 17516–17522 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja107309p
  44. D. Zhou, Y.B. He, R.L. Liu, M. Liu, H.D. Du et al., In situ synthesis of a hierarchical all-solid-state electrolyte based on nitrile materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 5(15), 1500353 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201500353
  45. N. Terasawa, N. Ono, Y. Hayakawa, K. Mukai, T. Koga et al., Effect of hexafluoropropylene on the performance of poly (vinylidene fluoride) polymer actuators based on single-walled carbon nanotube–ionic liquid gel. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 160(1), 161–167 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2011.07.027
  46. S.C. Yu, L. Chen, Y.W. Chen, Y.F. Tong, Microporous gel electrolytes based on amphiphilic poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) for lithium batteries. Appl. Surf. Sci. 258(11), 4983–4989 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.01.146
  47. D. Devaux, R. Bouchet, D. Gle, R. Denoyel, Mechanism of ion transport in PEO/LiTFSI complexes: effect of temperature, molecular weight and end groups. Solid State Ion. 227, 119–127 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2012.09.020
  48. V. Gregorio, N. Garcia, P. Tiemblo, Ionic conductivity enhancement in uhmw PEO gel electrolytes based on room-temperature ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. 4(4), 2860–2870 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.2c00104
  49. M.S. Cho, B. Shin, S.D. Choi, Y. Lee, K.G. Song, Gel polymer electrolyte nanocomposites PEGDA with Mg–Al layered double hydroxides. Electrochim. Acta 50(2–3), 331–334 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2004.03.050
  50. R.X. He, M. Echeverri, D. Ward, Y. Zhu, T. Kyu, Highly conductive solvent-free polymer electrolyte membrane for lithium-ion batteries: effect of prepolymer molecular weight. J. Membr. Sci. 498, 208–217 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2015.10.008
  51. H. Wang, Y. Yang, T. Zhang, Tape-casting method of hybrid solid electrolytes with a residual active solvent of tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 6, 2031 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.2c03935
  52. J. Li, S. Dong, C. Wang, Z. Hu, Z. Zhang et al., A study on the interfacial stability of the cathode/polycarbonate interface: implication of overcharge and transition metal redox. J. Mater. Chem. A 6(25), 11846–11852 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TA02975J
  53. X. Huang, D.H. Xu, W.Y. Chen, H.Z. Yin, C.C. Zhang et al., Preparation, characterization and properties of poly(propylene carbonate)/poly(methyl methacrylate)-coated polyethylene gel polymer electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries. J. Electroanal. Chem. 804, 133–139 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.09.050
  54. P.C. Barbosa, L.C. Rodrigues, M.M. Silva, M.J. Smith, A.J. Parola et al., Solid-state electrochromic devices using pTMC/PEO blends as polymer electrolytes. Electrochim. Acta 55(4), 1495–1502 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2009.03.031
  55. R. Kumar, S.S. Sekhon, Effect of molecular weight of PMMA on the conductivity and viscosity behavior of polymer gel electrolytes containing NH4CF3SO3. Ionics 14, 509–514 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-008-0209-0
  56. H.L. He, X.B. Wang, W.J. Liu, Effects of PEGDMA on a PET non-woven fabric embedded PAN lithium-ion power battery separator. Solid State Ion. 294, 31–36 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2016.06.019
  57. O. Ismail, Peleg and Weibull models for water absorption of copolymer gels crosslinked on polyethylene glycol dimethacrylates. Res. Chem. Intermed. 40, 1327–1335 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-013-1041-3
  58. N.S. Choi, J.K. Park, New polymer electrolytes based on PVC/PMMA blend for plastic lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim. Acta 46, 10–11 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-4686(00)00739-8
  59. S. Rajendran, M.S. Song, M.S. Park, J.H. Kim, J.Y. Lee, Lithium ion conduction in PVC–LiN(CF3SO2)2 electrolytes gelled with PVdF. Mater. Lett. 59(18), 2347–2351 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2005.03.023
  60. S. Rajendran, R. Shanker Babu, P. Sivakumar, Investigations on PVC/PAN composite polymer electrolytes. J. Membr. Sci. 315, 67–73 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2008.02.007
  61. Y.W. Chen-Yang, H.C. Chen, F.J. Lin, C.C. Chen, Polyacrylonitrile electrolytes: 1. A novel high-conductivity composite polymer electrolyte based on PAN, LiClO4 and α-Al2O3. Solid State Ion. 150(3–4), 327–335 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2738(02)00457-5
  62. P. Carol, P. Ramakrishnan, B. John, G. Cheruvally, Preparation and characterization of electrospun poly(acrylonitrile) fibrous membrane based gel polymer electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries. J. Power Sources 196(23), 10156–10162 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.08.037
  63. S.S. Sekhon, F.P. Singh, Ionic conductivity of PVdF-based polymer gel electrolytes. Solid State Ion. 152, 169–174 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2738(02)00296-5
  64. S.W. Choi, J.R. Kim, Y.R. Ahn, S.M. Jo, E.J. Cairns, Characterization of electrospun PVdF fiber-based polymer electrolytes. Chem. Mater. 19(1), 104–115 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1021/cm060223
  65. R. Chen, W. Qu, X. Guo, L. Li, F. Wu, The pursuit of solid-state electrolytes for lithium batteries: from comprehensive insight to emerging horizons. Mater. Horiz. 3(6), 487–516 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1039/c6mh00218h
  66. S. Hua, J.L. Li, M.X. Jing, F. Chen, B.W. Ju et al., Effects of surface lithiated TiO2 nanorods on room-temperature properties of polymer solid electrolytes. Int. J. Energy Res. 44(8), 6452–6462 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/er.5379
  67. J. Li, M. Jing, R. Li, L. Li, Z. Huang et al., Al2O3 fiber-reinforced polymer solid electrolyte films with excellent lithium-ion transport properties for high-voltage solid-state lithium batteries. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. 4(10), 7144–7151 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.2c01034
  68. C. Wang, T. Yang, W. Zhang, H. Huang, Y. Gan et al., Hydrogen bonding enhanced SiO2/PEO composite electrolytes for solid-state lithium batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 10(7), 3400–3408 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1039/D1TA10607D
  69. H. Xu, M. Jing, J. Li, Z. Huang, T. Wang et al., Safety-enhanced flexible polypropylene oxide–ZrO2 composite solid electrolyte film with high room-temperature ionic conductivity. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 9(33), 11118–11126 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c02886
  70. A. Jagadeesan, M. Sasikumar, R. Jeevani, H.A. Therese, N. Ananth et al., Fabrication of BaTiO3 ceramic filler incorporated PVC-PEMA based blend nanocomposite gel polymer electrolytes for Li ion battery applications. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. 30(18), 17181–17194 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-019-02065-7
  71. S. Hua, M.X. Jing, C. Han, H. Yang, H. Chen et al., A novel titania nanorods-filled composite solid electrolyte with improved room temperature performance for solid-state Li-ion battery. Int. J. Energy Res. 43(13), 7296–7305 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/er.4758
  72. P.N. Didwal, Y.N. Singhbabu, R. Verma, B.J. Sung, G.H. Lee et al., An advanced solid polymer electrolyte composed of poly(propylene carbonate) and mesoporous silica nanops for use in all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries. Energy Storage Mater. 37, 476–490 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2021.02.034
  73. H. Zhan, M. Wu, R. Wang, S. Wu, H. Li et al., Excellent performances of composite polymer electrolytes with porous vinyl-functionalized SiO2 nanops for lithium metal batteries. Polymers 13(15), 2468 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13152468
  74. O. Sheng, C. Jin, J. Luo, H. Yuan, H. Huang et al., Mg2B2O5 nanowire enabled multifunctional solid-state electrolytes with high ionic conductivity, excellent mechanical properties, and flame-retardant performance. Nano Lett. 18(5), 3104–3112 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00659
  75. T. Feng, Y. Hu, L. Xu, J. Huang, S. Hu et al., Improving the cyclability of solid polymer electrolyte with porous V2O5 nanotube filler. Mater. Today Energy 28, 101062 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtener.2022.101062
  76. A.E. Abdelmaoula, L. Du, L. Xu, Y. Cheng, A.A. Mahdy et al., Biomimetic brain-like nanostructures for solid polymer electrolytes with fast ion transport. Sci. China Mater. 65(6), 1476–1484 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-021-1940-2
  77. X. Ao, X. Wang, J. Tan, S. Zhang, C. Su et al., Nanocomposite with fast Li+ conducting percolation network: solid polymer electrolyte with Li+ non-conducting filler. Nano Energy 79, 105475 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105475
  78. Y. Li, Z. Sun, D. Liu, Y. Gao, Y. Wang et al., A composite solid polymer electrolyte incorporating MnO2 nanosheets with reinforced mechanical properties and electrochemical stability for lithium metal batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 8(4), 2021–2032 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/C9TA11542K
  79. Z. Lei, J. Shen, W. Zhang, Q. Wang, J. Wang et al., Exploring porous zeolitic imidazolate frame Work-8 (ZIF-8) as an efficient filler for high-performance poly (ethyleneoxide)-based solid polymer electrolytes. Nano Res. 13(8), 2259–2267 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-020-2845-2
  80. S.V. Ganesan, K.K. Mothilal, T.K. Ganesan, The role of zirconium oxide as nano-filler on the conductivity, morphology, and thermal stability of poly (methyl methacrylate)–poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)-based plasticized composite solid polymer electrolytes. Ionics 24(12), 3845–3860 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-018-2529-z
  81. W. Bao, L. Zhao, H. Zhao, L. Su, X. Cai et al., Vapor phase infiltration of ZnO quantum dots for all-solid-state PEO-based lithium batteries. Energy Storage Mater. 43, 258–265 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2021.09.010
  82. X. Wu, K. Chen, Z. Yao, J. Hu, M. Huang et al., Metal organic framework reinforced polymer electrolyte with high cation transference number to enable dendrite-free solid state Li metal conversion batteries. J. Power Sources 501, 229946 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229946
  83. Y. Zhang, X.H. Wang, W. Feng, Y.C. Zhen, P.Y. Zhao et al., The effects of the size and content of BaTiO3 nanops on solid polymer electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries. J. Solid State Electrochem. 23(3), 749–758 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-018-04175-4
  84. G. Liang, J. Xu, W. Xu, X. Shen, Z. Bai et al., Nonisothermal crystallization behaviors and conductive properties of PEO-based solid polymer electrolytes containing yttrium oxide nanops. Polym. Eng. Sci. 51(12), 2526–2534 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.22030
  85. Q. Zhu, X. Wang, J.D. Miller, Advanced nanoclay-based nanocomposite solid polymer electrolyte for lithium iron phosphate batteries. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11(9), 8954–8960 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b13735
  86. S. Chen, J. Wang, Z. Zhang, L. Wu, L. Yao et al., In-situ preparation of poly (ethylene oxide)/Li3PS4 hybrid polymer electrolyte with good nanofiller distribution for rechargeable solid-state lithium batteries. J. Power Sources 387, 72–80 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.03.016
  87. Y. Zhao, C. Wu, G. Peng, X. Chen, X. Yao et al., A new solid polymer electrolyte incorporating Li10GeP2S12 into a polyethylene oxide matrix for all-solid-state lithium batteries. J. Power Sources 301, 47–53 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.09.111
  88. K. Liu, R. Zhang, J. Sun, M. Wu, T. Zhao, Polyoxyethylene (PEO)|PEO–perovskite|PEO composite electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11(50), 46930–46937 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b16936
  89. P. Sivaraj, K.P. Abhilash, B. Nalini, P. Perumal, P.C. Selvin et al., Free-standing, high Li-ion conducting hybrid PAN/PVdF/LiClO4/Li0.5La0.5TiO3 nanocomposite solid polymer electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries. J. Solid State Electrochem. 25(30), 905–917 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-020-04858-x
  90. P. Sivaraj, K.P. Abhilash, B. Nalini, P. Perumal, K. Somasundaram et al., Performance enhancement of PVDF/LiCIO4 based nanocomposite solid polymer electrolytes via incorporation of Li0.5La0.5TiO3 nano filler for all-solid-state batteries. Macromol. Res. 28(8), 739–750 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13233-020-8096-y
  91. H. Zhuang, W. Ma, J. Xie, X. Liu, B. Li et al., Solvent-free synthesis of PEO/Garnet composite electrolyte for high-safety all-solid-state lithium batteries. J. Alloy. Compd. 860, 157915 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.157915
  92. E.C. Self, Z.D. Hood, T. Brahmbhatt, F.M. Delnick, H.M. Meyer et al., Solvent-mediated synthesis of amorphous Li3PS4/Polyethylene oxide composite solid electrolytes with high Li+ conductivity. Chem. Mater. 32(20), 8789–8797 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c01990
  93. L. Liu, L. Chu, B. Jiang, M. Li, Li1.4Al0.4Ti1.6(PO4)3 Nanop-reinforced solid polymer electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium batteries. Solid State Ion. 331, 89–95 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2019.01.007
  94. J. Lu, Y. Li, W. Huang, Study on structure and electrical properties of PVDF/Li3/8Sr7/16Zr1/4Ta3/4O3 composite solid polymer electrolytes for quasi-solid-state Li battery. Mater. Res. Bull. 153, 111880 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2022.111880
  95. C. Li, Y. Huang, X. Liu, C. Chen, X. Feng et al., Composite solid electrolyte with Li+ conducting 3d porous garnet-type framework for all-solid-state lithium batteries. Mater. Chem. Front. 6(12), 1672–1680 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1039/d1qm01589c
  96. J. Li, K.J. Zhu, Z.R. Yao, G.M. Qian, J. Zhang et al., A promising composite solid electrolyte incorporating LLZO into PEO/PVDF matrix for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries. Ionics 26(3), 1101–1108 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-019-03320-x
  97. Y. Zhao, Z. Huang, S. Chen, B. Chen, J. Yang et al., A promising PEO/LAGP hybrid electrolyte prepared by a simple method for all-solid-state lithium batteries. Solid State Ion. 295, 65–71 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2016.07.013
  98. X. Zhu, K. Wang, Y. Xu, G. Zhang, S. Li et al., Strategies to boost ionic conductivity and interface compatibility of inorganic-organic solid composite electrolytes. Energy Storage Mater. 36, 291–308 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2021.01.002
  99. T. Ye, L. Li, Y. Zhang, Recent progress in solid electrolytes for energy storage devices. Adv. Funct. Mater. 30(29), 2000077 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202000077
  100. Y. Li, Y. Qin, J. Zhao, M. Ma, M. Zhang et al., Boosting the ion mobility in solid polymer electrolytes using hollow polymer nanospheres as an additive. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 14(16), 18360–18372 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c00244
  101. Z. Huang, W. Pang, P. Liang, Z. Jin, N. Grundish et al., A dopamine modified Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12/PEO solid-state electrolyte: enhanced thermal and electrochemical properties. J. Mater. Chem. A 7(27), 16425–16436 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta03395e
  102. D.C. Lin, W. Liu, Y.Y. Liu, H.R. Lee, P.C. Hsu et al., High ionic conductivity of composite solid polymer electrolyte via in situ synthesis of monodispersed SiO2 nanospheres in poly(ethylene oxide). Nano-Micro Lett. 16(1), 459–465 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04117
  103. L. Chen, Y. Li, S.P. Li, L.Z. Fan, C.W. Nan et al., PEO/Garnet composite electrolytes for solid-state lithium batteries: from “ceramic-in-polymer” to “polymer-in-ceramic.” Nano Energy 46, 176–184 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.12.037
  104. F. Croce, L. Persi, B. Scrosati, F. Serraino-Fiory, E. Plichta et al., Role of the ceramic fillers in enhancing the transport properties of composite polymer electrolytes. Electrochim. Acta 46(16), 2457–2461 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1016/-4686(01)00458-3
  105. W. Liu, N. Liu, J. Sun, P.-C. Hsu, Y. Li et al., ionic conductivity enhancement of polymer electrolytes with ceramic nanowire fillers. Nano Lett. 15(4), 2740–2745 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00600
  106. H. Chen, D. Adekoya, L. Hencz, J. Ma, S. Chen et al., Stable seamless interfaces and rapid ionic conductivity of Ca-CeO2/LiTFSI/PEO composite electrolyte for high-rate and high-voltage all-solid-state battery. Adv. Energy Mater. 10(21), 2000049 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202000049
  107. Y. Shi, B. Li, Q. Zhu, K. Shen, W. Tang et al., MXene-based mesoporous nanosheets toward superior lithium ion conductors. Adv. Energy Mater. 10(9), 1903534 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201903534
  108. R. Rojaee, S. Cavallo, S. Mogurampelly, B.K. Wheatle, V. Yurkiv et al., Highly-cyclable room-temperature phosphorene polymer electrolyte composites for Li metal batteries. Adv. Funct. Mater. 30(32), 1910749 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201910749
  109. W.J. Tang, S. Tang, C.J. Zhang, Q.T. Ma, Q. Xiang et al., Simultaneously enhancing the thermal stability, mechanical modulus, and electrochemical performance of solid polymer electrolytes by incorporating 2D sheets. Adv. Energy Mater. 8(24), 1800866 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201800866
  110. W. Liu, S.W. Lee, D. Lin, F. Shi, S. Wang et al., Enhancing ionic conductivity in composite polymer electrolytes with well-aligned ceramic nanowires. Nat. Energy 2(5), 17035 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2017.35
  111. H. Zhai, P. Xu, M. Ning, Q. Cheng, J. Mandal et al., A flexible solid composite electrolyte with vertically aligned and connected ion-conducting nanops for lithium batteries. Nano Lett. 17(5), 3182–3187 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00715
  112. X. Zhang, J. Xie, F. Shi, D. Lin, Y. Liu et al., Vertically aligned and continuous nanoscale ceramic–polymer interfaces in composite solid polymer electrolytes for enhanced ionic conductivity. Nano Lett. 18(6), 3829–3838 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01111
  113. J. Dai, K. Fu, Y. Gong, J. Song, C. Chen et al., Flexible solid-state electrolyte with aligned nanostructures derived from wood. ACS Mater. Lett. 1(3), 354–361 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.9b00189
  114. K. Fu, Y. Gong, J. Dai, A. Gong, X. Han et al., Flexible, solid-state, ion-conducting membrane with 3D garnet nanofiber networks for lithium batteries. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 113(26), 7094–7099 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600422113
  115. D. Lin, P.Y. Yuen, Y. Liu, W. Liu, N. Liu et al., A silica-aerogel-reinforced composite polymer electrolyte with high ionic conductivity and high modulus. Adv. Mater. 30(32), e1802661 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201802661
  116. S. Zekoll, C. Marriner-Edwards, A.K.O. Hekselman, J. Kasemchainan, C. Kuss et al., Hybrid electrolytes with 3D bicontinuous ordered ceramic and polymer microchannels for all-solid-state batteries. Energy Environ. Sci. 11(1), 185–201 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ee02723k
  117. J. Bae, Y.T. Li, J. Zhang, X.Y. Zhou, F. Zhao et al., A 3D nanostructured hydrogel-framework-derived high-performance composite polymer lithium-ion electrolyte. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 57(8), 2096–2100 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201710841
  118. C.H. Ahn, J.J. Kim, W.S. Yang, H.K. Cho, Multiple functional biomolecule-based metal-organic-framework-reinforced polyethylene oxide composite electrolytes for high-performance solid-state lithium batteries. J. Power Sources 557, 232528 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.232528
  119. X.Y. Zhou, B. Zhang, F.F. Huang, F.K. Li, Z.S. Ma et al., MOF for dendrite-free all-solid-state lithium metal batteries by synergistic effect of hydrogen bond and electrostatic interaction. Nano Energy 108, 108221 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2023.108221
  120. S. Chen, Y. Wu, S. Niu, Z. Wei, Y. Wu et al., Interface manipulation of composite solid polymer electrolyte with polydopamine to construct durable and fast Li+ conduction pathways. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 6, 1989 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.2c03911
  121. C. Hu, Y. Shen, M. Shen, X. Liu, H. Chen et al., Superionic conductors via bulk interfacial conduction. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 142(42), 18035–18041 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c07060
  122. J. Zhang, N. Zhao, M. Zhang, Y. Li, P.K. Chu et al., Flexible and ion-conducting membrane electrolytes for solid-state lithium batteries: dispersion of garnet nanops in insulating polyethylene oxide. Nano Energy 28, 447–454 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.09.002
  123. J. Xu, G. Ma, N. Wang, S. Zhao, J. Zhou, Borderline metal centers on nonporous metal-organic framework nanowire boost fast li-ion interfacial transport of composite polymer electrolyte. Small 18(40), 2204163 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202204163
  124. W. Wang, E. Yi, A.J. Fici, R.M. Laine, J. Kieffer, Lithium ion conducting poly (ethylene oxide)-based solid electrolytes containing active or passive ceramic nanops. J. Phys. Chem. C 121(5), 2563–2573 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b11136
  125. J. Feng, L. Wang, Y. Chen, P. Wang, H. Zhang et al., PEO based polymer-ceramic hybrid solid electrolytes: a review. Nano Converg. 8(1), 2 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40580-020-00252-5
  126. Q. Yang, A. Wang, J. Luo, W. Tang, Improving ionic conductivity of polymer-based solid electrolytes for lithium metal batteries. Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 43, 202–215 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjche.2021.07.008
  127. Z. Xue, D. He, X. Xie, Poly (ethylene oxide)-based electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 3(38), 19218–19253 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ta03471j
  128. H. Huo, B. Wu, T. Zhang, X. Zheng, L. Ge et al., Anion-immobilized polymer electrolyte achieved by cationic metal-organic framework filler for dendrite-free solid-state batteries. Energy Storage Mater. 18, 59–67 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2019.01.007
  129. H. Chen, H. Tu, C. Hu, Y. Liu, D. Dong et al., Cationic covalent organic framework nanosheets for fast Li-ion conduction. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 140(3), 896–899 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b12292
  130. W. Liu, D. Lin, J. Sun, G. Zhou, Y. Cui, Improved lithium ionic conductivity in composite polymer electrolytes with oxide-ion conducting nanowires. ACS Nano 10(12), 11407–11413 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b06797
  131. L. Tian, A. Li, Q. Huang, Y. Zhang, D. Long, Homogenously dispersed ultrasmall niobium(v) oxide nanops enabling improved ionic conductivity and interfacial compatibility of composite polymer electrolyte. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 586, 855–865 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2020.11.010
  132. C.H. Park, D.W. Kim, J. Prakash, Y.K. Sun, Electrochemical stability and conductivity enhancement of composite polymer electrolytes. Solid State Ion. 159(1), 111–119 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2738(03)00025-0
  133. P. Zhai, N. Peng, Z. Sun, W. Wu, W. Kou et al., Thin Laminar composite solid electrolyte with high ionic conductivity and mechanical strength towards advanced all-solid-state lithium–sulfur battery. J. Mater. Chem. A 8(44), 23344–23353 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TA07630A
  134. W. Li, C. Sun, J. Jin, Y. Li, C. Chen et al., Realization of the Li+ domain diffusion effect via constructing molecular brushes on the LLZTO surface and its application in all-solid-state lithium batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 7(48), 27304–27312 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/C9TA10400C
  135. J. Zheng, Y.Y. Hu, New insights into the compositional dependence of Li-ion transport in polymer–ceramic composite electrolytes. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10(4), 4113–4120 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b17301
  136. K.Q. He, S.H.S. Cheng, J.Y. Hu, Y.Q. Zhang, H.W. Yang et al., In-situ intermolecular interaction in composite polymer electrolyte for ultralong life quasi-solid-state lithium metal batteries. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 60(21), 12116–12123 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202103403
  137. M.D. Tikekar, L.A. Archer, D.L. Koch, Stability analysis of electrodeposition across a structured electrolyte with immobilized anions. J. Electrochem. Soc. 161(6), A847 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1149/2.085405jes
  138. R. Xu, X.B. Cheng, C. Yan, X.Q. Zhang, Y. Xiao et al., Artificial interphases for highly stable lithium metal anode. Matter 1(2), 317–344 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2019.05.016
  139. J. Li, Y. Cai, H. Wu, Z. Yu, X. Yan et al., Polymers in lithium-ion and lithium metal batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 11(15), 2003239 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202003239
  140. Y. Wang, X. Li, Y. Qin, D. Zhang, Z. Song et al., Local electric field effect of montmorillonite in solid polymer electrolytes for lithium metal batteries. Nano Energy 90, 106490 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106490
  141. Y.M. Hu, N. Dunlap, S. Wan, S.L. Lu, S.F. Huang et al., Crystalline lithium imidazolate covalent organic frameworks with high Li-ion conductivity. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141(18), 7518–7525 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b02448
  142. D. Han, Z. Zhao, Z. Xu, H. Wang, Z. He et al., Metal organic frameworks enabled multifunctional poly(ethylene oxide)-based solid polymer electrolytes with high lithium-ion conductivity and excellent stability. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 5, 8973 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.2c01461
  143. L. Chen, W. Li, L.Z. Fan, C.W. Nan, Q. Zhang, Intercalated electrolyte with high transference number for dendrite-free solid-state lithium batteries. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(28), 1901047 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201901047
  144. P. Dhatarwal, R.J. Sengwa, Dielectric relaxation, Li-ion transport, electrochemical, and structural behaviour of PEO/PVDF/LiClO4/TiO2/PC-based plasticized nanocomposite solid polymer electrolyte films. Compos. Commun. 17, 182–191 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coco.2019.12.006
  145. Q. Zhang, K. Liu, F. Ding, X. Liu, Recent advances in solid polymer electrolytes for lithium batteries. Nano Res. 10(12), 4139–4174 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-017-1763-4
  146. S. Ai, S. Mazumdar, H. Li, Y. Cao, T. Li, Nano-silica doped composite polymer chitosan/poly (ethylene oxide)-based electrolyte with high electrochemical stability suitable for quasi solid-state lithium metal batteries. J. Electroanal. Chem. 895, 115464 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115464
  147. Q. Wang, J.F. Wu, Z.Y. Yu, X. Guo, Composite polymer electrolytes reinforced by two-dimensional layer-double-hydroxide nanosheets for dendrite-free lithium batteries. Solid State Ion. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2020.115275
  148. E. Zhao, Y. Guo, Y. Liu, S. Liu, G. Xu, Nanostructured zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 reinforced poly (ethylene oxide) composite electrolytes for all solid state lithium ion batteries. Appl. Surf. Sci. 573, 151489 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.151489
  149. X. Mei, Y. Wu, Y. Gao, Y. Zhu, S.H. Bo et al., A quantitative correlation between macromolecular crystallinity and ionic conductivity in polymer-ceramic composite solid electrolytes. Mater. Today Commun. 24, 101004 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.101004
  150. K. Yang, H. Su, M. Ding, Y. Li, B. Xue et al., The role of nickel–iron based layered double hydroxide on the crystallinity, electrochemical performance, and thermal and mechanical properties of the poly(ethylene-oxide) solid electrolyte. New J. Chem. 45(42), 19986–19995 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1039/D1NJ04467B
  151. Z. Wu, Z. Xie, A. Yoshida, J. Wang, T. Yu et al., Nickel phosphate nanorod-enhanced polyethylene oxide-based composite polymer electrolytes for solid-state lithium batteries. J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 565, 110–118 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2020.01.005
  152. X. Wang, H. Hua, X. Xie, P. Zhang, J. Zhao, Hydroxyl on the filler surface promotes Li+ conduction in PEO all-solid-state electrolyte. Solid State Ion. 372, 115768 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2021.115768
  153. J. Xi, X. Tang, Investigations on the enhancement mechanism of inorganic filler on ionic conductivity of PEO-based composite polymer electrolyte: the case of molecular sieves. Electrochim. Acta 51(22), 4765–4770 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2006.01.016
  154. M. Marzantowicz, F. Krok, J.R. Dygas, Z. Florjanczyk, E. Zygadlo-Monikowska, The influence of phase segregation on properties of semicrystalline PEO: LiTFSI electrolytes. Solid State Ion. 179(27–32), 1670–1678 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2007.11.035
  155. Y.W. Kim, W. Lee, B.K. Choi, Relation between glass transition and melting of peo-salt complexes. Electrochim. Acta 45(8–9), 1473–1477 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-4686(99)00362-X
  156. E. Lee, J.Y. Hong, G. Ungar, J. Jang, Crystallization of poly (ethylene oxide) embedded with surface-modified SiO2 nanops. Polym. Int. 62(7), 1112–1122 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.4402
  157. J. Xi, X. Qiu, J. Wang, Y. Bai, W. Zhu et al., Effect of molecular sieves ZSM-5 on the crystallization behavior of PEO-based composite polymer electrolyte. J. Power Sources 158(1), 627–634 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.10.010
  158. Y. Gao, B. Zhang, Probing the mechanically stable solid electrolyte interphase and the implications in design strategies. Adv. Mater. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202205421
  159. K. Qin, K. Holguin, M. Mohammadiroudbari, J. Huang, E.Y.S. Kim et al., Strategies in structure and electrolyte design for high-performance lithium metal batteries. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(15), 2009694 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202009694
  160. J. Sun, C. He, X. Yao, A. Song, Y. Li et al., Hierarchical composite-solid-electrolyte with high electrochemical stability and interfacial regulation for boosting ultra-stable lithium batteries. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(1), 2006381 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202006381
  161. Y. Wang, L. Wu, Z. Lin, M. Tang, P. Ding et al., Hydrogen bonds enhanced composite polymer electrolyte for high-voltage cathode of solid-state lithium battery. Nano Energy 96, 107105 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.107105
  162. L. Li, Y. Deng, H. Duan, Y. Qian, G. Chen, LiF and LiNO3 as synergistic additives for PEO-PVDF/LLZTO-based composite electrolyte towards high-voltage lithium batteries with dual-interfaces stability. J. Energy Chem. 65, 319–328 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2021.05.055
  163. H. Xu, W. Ye, Q. Wang, B. Han, J. Wang et al., An in situ photopolymerized composite solid electrolyte from halloysite nanotubes and comb-like polycaprolactone for high voltage lithium metal batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 9(15), 9826–9836 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1039/D1TA00745A
  164. L. Gao, N. Wu, N. Deng, Z. Li, J. Li et al., Optimized CeO2 nanowires with rich surface oxygen vacancies enable fast Li-Ion conduction in composite polymer electrolytes. Energy Environ. Mater. 6, e12272 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/eem2.12272
  165. T. Huang, W. Xiong, X. Ye, Z. Huang, Y. Feng et al., A cerium-doped nasicon chemically coupled poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene)-based polymer electrolyte for high-rate and high-voltage quasi-solid-state lithium metal batteries. J. Energy Chem. 73, 311–321 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2022.06.030
  166. X. Wang, K. Guo, Y. Xia, Y. Min, Q. Xu, Nonstoichiometric molybdenum trioxide adjustable energy barrier enabling ultralong-life all-solid-state lithium batteries. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 13(51), 60907–60920 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c19422
  167. H. Wu, H. Jia, C. Wang, J.G. Zhang, W. Xu, Recent progress in understanding solid electrolyte interphase on lithium metal anodes. Adv. Energy Mater. 11(5), 2003092 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202003092
  168. Z. Cao, Y. Zhang, Y. Cui, J. Gu, Z. Du et al., Harnessing the unique features of 2d materials toward dendrite-free metal anodes. Energy Environ. Mater. 5(1), 45–67 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/eem2.12165
  169. C.Z. Zhao, X.Q. Zhang, X.B. Cheng, R. Zhang, R. Xu et al., An anion-immobilized composite electrolyte for dendrite-free lithium metal anodes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (PNAS) 114(42), 11069–11074 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1708489114
  170. X. Yang, Q. Sun, C. Zhao, X. Gao, K. Adair et al., Self-healing electrostatic shield enabling uniform lithium deposition in all-solid-state lithium batteries. Energy Storage Mater. 22, 194–199 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2019.07.015
  171. Z. Li, S. Wang, J. Shi, Y. Liu, S. Zheng et al., A 3d interconnected metal-organic framework-derived solid-state electrolyte for dendrite-free lithium metal battery. Energy Storage Mater. 47, 262–270 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2022.02.014
  172. R. Fan, W. Liao, S. Fan, D. Chen, J. Tang et al., Regulating interfacial li-ion transport via an integrated corrugated 3d skeleton in solid composite electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries. Adv. Sci. 9(8), 2104506 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202104506
  173. Z. Guo, Y. Pang, S. Xia, F. Xu, J. Yang et al., Uniform and anisotropic solid electrolyte membrane enables superior solid-state Li metal batteries. Adv. Sci. 8(16), 2100899 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202100899
  174. N. Wu, Y. Li, A. Dolocan, W. Li, H. Xu et al., In situ formation of Li3P layer enables fast Li+ conduction across Li/solid polymer electrolyte interface. Adv. Funct. Mater. 30(22), 2000831 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202000831
  175. H. Huo, Y. Chen, J. Luo, X. Yang, X. Guo et al., Rational design of hierarchical “ceramic-in-polymer” and “polymer-in-ceramic” electrolytes for dendrite-free solid-state batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 9(17), 1804004 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201804004
  176. K. Liu, M. Wu, H. Jiang, Y. Lin, T. Zhao, An ultrathin, strong, flexible composite solid electrolyte for high-voltage lithium metal batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 8(36), 18802–18809 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ta05644h
  177. D. Li, L. Chen, T. Wang, L.Z. Fan, 3D fiber-network-reinforced bicontinuous composite solid electrolyte for dendrite-free lithium metal batteries. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10(8), 7069–7078 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b18123
  178. R. Li, S. Guo, L. Yu, L. Wang, D. Wu et al., Morphosynthesis of 3d macroporous garnet frameworks and perfusion of polymer-stabilized lithium salts for flexible solid-state hybrid electrolytes. Adv. Mater. Interfaces 6(10), 1900200 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201900200
Read More
Author biographies are not available.
Download this PDF file
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 4071 Download : 3081

Most read articles by the same author(s)