Issue

Vol. 19 (2027)

Decoupling Ion–Dipole Interactions via Competitive Coordination for Durable Dendrite-Free Zinc Metal Batteries

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-026-02306-5
Bixian Chen
i‑Lab & CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano‑Tech and Nano‑Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
Xiaomin Cheng
i‑Lab & CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano‑Tech and Nano‑Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
Xiang Li
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Carbon Chemistry, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, People’s Republic of China
Qinghua Guan
i‑Lab & CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano‑Tech and Nano‑Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
Hao Li
Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), 89081 Ulm, Germany
Yongzheng Zhang
School of Textile & Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, People’s Republic of China
Shuang Cheng
i‑Lab & CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano‑Tech and Nano‑Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
Huihua Li
Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), 89081 Ulm, Germany
Yunjian Liu
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People’s Republic of China
Jing Zhang
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, People’s Republic of China
Hongzhen Lin
i‑Lab & CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano‑Tech and Nano‑Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
Jian Wang
Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), 89081 Ulm, Germany

Corresponding Author: Jian Wang

wangjian2014@sinano.ac.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 19 (2027), Article Number: 24

Abstract

The aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs) are famous for high-safety and high-energy-density, but limited by severe challenges around the Helmholtz plane layer such as the strong ion–dipole interactions between Zn2+ and H2O, resulting in slow desolvation processes and limited transport kinetics as well as corresponding higher barriers. To reconstruct the ion–dipole surroundings, the interface chemistry of employing a high permanent dipole moment of L-Carnosine (L-CN) has been proposed, weakening the interactions between Zn2+ and H2O to realize a crowded Zn2+-conductive structure, accelerating the desolvation kinetics. As revealed, the strong affinity between L-CN and Zn2+ enables the L-CN molecules to repulse H2O, reconfiguring the inner Helmholtz plane layer, thereby inhibiting the active water molecular to form hydrogen evolution reactions. Consequently, the Zn//Zn symmetric cells with Helmholtz plane modulation achieve a long lifespan up to 7000 h, a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.72%, and a high stabilization at high depth of discharge (85.4%). The assembled Zn//V2O5−x full cell with optimal electrolyte delivers the capacity of 289 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 1 A g−1 under an N/P ratio of 3.98. Impressively, the large-scale pouch cell with optimal electrolyte stabilizes for 200 cycles, offering the bright future of reconstructing Helmholtz plane for achieving high-performance AZMBs.


Highlights:
1 A competitive permanent dipole L-Carnosine (L-CN) is introduced to interact with Zn2+ in the Zn2+–H2O solvation shell and form Zn2+(L-CN)y(H2O)x structure, enhancing the desolvation kinetics of [Zn(H2O)6]2+ and diffusion kinetics of zinc ions/atoms.
2 The L-CN molecule forms a crowded Zn2+-conductive structure and remodels the inner Helmholtz plane layer with abundant Zn2+ flux, enabling durable dendrite-free Zn deposition.
3 The cells with optimal electrolyte stabilize for 7000 h, a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.72%, and even stabilize over 200 h under a high depth of discharge of 85.4%. The assembled Zn//V2O5−x full cell delivers the capacity of 289 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 1 A g−1 under an N/P ratio of 3.98.

Keywords

Aqueous zinc metal batteries Reconstructed Helmholtz plane Interface chemistry Ion–dipole interaction Zn dendrite inhibition
Chen, Bixian, Xiaomin Cheng, Xiang Li, Qinghua Guan, Hao Li, Yongzheng Zhang, Shuang Cheng, Huihua Li, Yunjian Liu, Jing Zhang, Hongzhen Lin, and Jian Wang. 2026. “Decoupling Ion–Dipole Interactions via Competitive Coordination for Durable Dendrite-Free Zinc Metal Batteries”. Nano-Micro Letters 19 (August):24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-026-02306-5.
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