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Vol. 12 (2020)

Stabilising Cobalt Sulphide Nanocapsules with Nitrogen-Doped Carbon for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Storage

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-020-0391-9
Yilan Wu
School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
Rohit R. Gaddam
School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
Chao Zhang
School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
Hao Lu
School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
Chao Wang
Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, People’s Republic of China
Dmitri Golberg
School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
Xiu Song Zhao
School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia

Corresponding Author: Xiu Song Zhao

george.zhao@uq.edu.au

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 12 (2020), Article Number: 48

Abstract

Conversion-type anode materials with a high charge storage capability generally suffer from large volume expansion, poor electron conductivity, and sluggish metal ion transport kinetics. The electrode material described in this paper, namely cobalt sulphide nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon cages (Co9S8@NC), can circumvent these problems. This electrode material exhibited a reversible sodium-ion storage capacity of 705 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 with an extraordinary rate capability and good cycling stability. Mechanistic study using the in situ transmission electron microscope technique revealed that the volumetric expansion of the Co9S8 nanoparticles is buffered by the carbon cages, enabling a stable electrode–electrolyte interface. In addition, the carbon shell with high-content doped nitrogen significantly enhances the electron conductivity of the Co9S8@NC electrode material and provides doping-induced active sites to accommodate sodium ions. By integrating the Co9S8@NC as negative electrode with a cellulose-derived porous hard carbon/graphene oxide composite as positive electrode and 1 M NaPF6 in diglyme as the electrolyte, the sodium-ion capacitor full cell can achieve energy densities of 101.4 and 45.8 Wh kg−1 at power densities of 200 and 10,000 W kg−1, respectively.


Highlights:


1 Cobalt sulphide nanoparticles are encapsulated in nitrogen-rich carbon cages via a simple and scalable method.
2 Insight into sodium storage mechanism is systematically studied via in situ TEM and XRD techniques.
3 The sodium-ion capacitor device achieved high energy densities of 101.4 and 45.8 Wh kg−1 at power densities of 200 and 10,000 W kg−1, respectively, holding promise for practical applications.

Keywords

Cobalt sulphide Nitrogen-doped carbon Core–shell structure Sodium-ion capacitors
Wu, Yilan, Rohit R. Gaddam, Chao Zhang, Hao Lu, Chao Wang, Dmitri Golberg, and Xiu Song Zhao. 2020. “Stabilising Cobalt Sulphide Nanocapsules With Nitrogen-Doped Carbon for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Storage”. Nano-Micro Letters 12 (February):48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-020-0391-9.
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