Issue

Vol. 16 (2024)

Enhancing Green Ammonia Electrosynthesis Through Tuning Sn Vacancies in Sn-Based MXene/MAX Hybrids

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01303-2
Xinyu Dai
Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials of Liaoning Province, College of Chemistry, Institute of Clean Energy Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People’s Republic of China
Zhen‑Yi Du
State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People’s Republic of China
Ying Sun
Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials of Liaoning Province, College of Chemistry, Institute of Clean Energy Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People’s Republic of China
Ping Chen
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People’s Republic of China
Xiaoguang Duan
School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
Junjun Zhang
State Key Laboratory of High‑Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
Hui Li
School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
Yang Fu
School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
Baohua Jia
School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
Lei Zhang
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China
Wenhui Fang
College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
Jieshan Qiu
College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
Tianyi Ma
School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia

Corresponding Author: Tianyi Ma

tianyi.ma@rmit.edu.au

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 16 (2024), Article Number: 89

Abstract

Renewable energy driven N2 electroreduction with air as nitrogen source holds great promise for realizing scalable green ammonia production. However, relevant out-lab research is still in its infancy. Herein, a novel Sn-based MXene/MAX hybrid with abundant Sn vacancies, Sn@Ti2CTX/Ti2SnC–V, was synthesized by controlled etching Sn@Ti2SnC MAX phase and demonstrated as an efficient electrocatalyst for electrocatalytic N2 reduction. Due to the synergistic effect of MXene/MAX heterostructure, the existence of Sn vacancies and the highly dispersed Sn active sites, the obtained Sn@Ti2CTX/Ti2SnC–V exhibits an optimal NH3 yield of 28.4 µg h−1 mgcat−1 with an excellent FE of 15.57% at − 0.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in 0.1 M Na2SO4, as well as an ultra-long durability. Noticeably, this catalyst represents a satisfactory NH3 yield rate of 10.53 µg h−1 mg−1 in the home-made simulation device, where commercial electrochemical photovoltaic cell was employed as power source, air and ultrapure water as feed stock. The as-proposed strategy represents great potential toward ammonia production in terms of financial cost according to the systematic technical economic analysis. This work is of significance for large-scale green ammonia production.


Highlights:
1 Sn-based MAX/MXene hybrids with abundant Sn vacancies, Sn@Ti2CTX/Ti2SnC–V, fabricated by controlled etching method, are demonstrated to be an excellent electrocatalyst for N2 electroreduction.
2 An economic “NH3 farm” has been developed based on Sn@Ti2CTX/Ti2SnC–V electrode, demonstrated by a commercial electrochemical photovoltaic cell, which may open a novel avenue for solar energy-driven synthesis of ammonia directly from air and water.
3 The potential of the “NH3 farm” was demonstrated by a systematic technical economic analysis.

Keywords

Green ammonia synthesis N2 electroreduction Renewable energy Sn MXene/MAX hybrid
Dai, Xinyu, Zhen‑Yi Du, Ying Sun, Ping Chen, Xiaoguang Duan, Junjun Zhang, Hui Li, Yang Fu, Baohua Jia, Lei Zhang, Wenhui Fang, Jieshan Qiu, and Tianyi Ma. 2024. “Enhancing Green Ammonia Electrosynthesis Through Tuning Sn Vacancies in Sn-Based MXene/MAX Hybrids”. Nano-Micro Letters 16 (January):89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01303-2.
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