Issue

Vol. 17 (2025)

A Review of MAX Series Materials: From Diversity, Synthesis, Prediction, Properties Oriented to Functions

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01673-9
Jian Zhang
The Joint Laboratory of MAX/MXene Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, People’s Republic of China
Ru Jia
The Joint Laboratory of MAX/MXene Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, People’s Republic of China
Kar Ban Tan
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
Jiaming Li
The Joint Laboratory of MAX/MXene Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, People’s Republic of China
Shichong Xu
The Joint Laboratory of MAX/MXene Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, People’s Republic of China
Guobing Ying
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People’s Republic of China
Wenjuan Han
The Joint Laboratory of MAX/MXene Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, People’s Republic of China
Ming Lu
The Joint Laboratory of MAX/MXene Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Ming Lu

luming@jlnu.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 17 (2025), Article Number: 173

Abstract

MAX series materials, as non-van der Waals layered multi-element compounds, contribute remarkable regulated properties and functional dimension, combining the features of metal and ceramic materials due to their inherently laminated crystal structure that Mn+1Xn slabs are intercalated with A element layers. Oriented to the functional requirements of information, intelligence, electrification, and aerospace in the new era, how to accelerate MAX series materials into new quality productive forces? The systematic enhancement of knowledge about MAX series materials is intrinsic to understanding its low-dimensional geometric structure characteristics, and physical and chemical properties, revealing the correlation of composition, structure, and function and further realizing rational design based on simulation and prediction. Diversity also brings complexity to MAX materials research. This review provides substantial tabular information on (I) MAX’s research timeline from 1960 to the present, (II) structure diversity and classification convention, (III) synthesis route exploration, (IV) prediction based on theory and machine learning, (V) properties, and (VI) functional applications. Herein, the researchers can quickly locate research content and recognize connections and differences of MAX series materials. In addition, the research challenges for the future development of MAX series materials are highlighted.


Highlights:
1 Oriented to the understanding of MAX series materials, the research timeline, structure diversity, and synthesis are systematically reviewed.
2 The prediction, properties, and functional applications of MAX series materials are summarized.
3 This review emphasizes research challenges for the future development of MAX series materials.

Keywords

MAX materials Diversity Synthetic strategy Prediction Function
Zhang, Jian, Ru Jia, Kar Ban Tan, Jiaming Li, Shichong Xu, Guobing Ying, Wenjuan Han, and Ming Lu. 2025. “A Review of MAX Series Materials: From Diversity, Synthesis, Prediction, Properties Oriented to Functions”. Nano-Micro Letters 17 (March):173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01673-9.
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