Issue

Vol. 16 (2024)

Electrolyte Design for Low-Temperature Li-Metal Batteries: Challenges and Prospects

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01245-9
Siyu Sun
Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, People’s Republic of China
Kehan Wang
State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
Zhanglian Hong
State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
Mingjia Zhi
State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
Kai Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
Jijian Xu
Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Jijian Xu

jijianxu@cityu.edu.hk

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 16 (2024), Article Number: 35

Abstract

Electrolyte design holds the greatest opportunity for the development of batteries that are capable of sub-zero temperature operation. To get the most energy storage out of the battery at low temperatures, improvements in electrolyte chemistry need to be coupled with optimized electrode materials and tailored electrolyte/electrode interphases. Herein, this review critically outlines electrolytes’ limiting factors, including reduced ionic conductivity, large de-solvation energy, sluggish charge transfer, and slow Li-ion transportation across the electrolyte/electrode interphases, which affect the low-temperature performance of Li-metal batteries. Detailed theoretical derivations that explain the explicit influence of temperature on battery performance are presented to deepen understanding. Emerging improvement strategies from the aspects of electrolyte design and electrolyte/electrode interphase engineering are summarized and rigorously compared. Perspectives on future research are proposed to guide the ongoing exploration for better low-temperature Li-metal batteries.


Highlights:
1 A critical assessment of electrolytes’ limiting factors, which affect the low-temperature performance of Li-metal batteries.
2 Summary of emerging strategies to improve low-temperature performance from the aspects of electrolyte design and electrolyte/electrode interphase engineering.
3 Perspectives and challenges on how to develop creative solutions in electrolytes and correlative materials for low-temperature operation.

Keywords

Solid electrolyte interphase Li metal Low temperature Electrolyte design Batteries
Sun, Siyu, Kehan Wang, Zhanglian Hong, Mingjia Zhi, Kai Zhang, and Jijian Xu. 2023. “Electrolyte Design for Low-Temperature Li-Metal Batteries: Challenges and Prospects”. Nano-Micro Letters 16 (November):35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01245-9.
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