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Vol. 15 (2023)

Boosting Lean Electrolyte Lithium–Sulfur Battery Performance with Transition Metals: A Comprehensive Review

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01137-y
Hui Pan
Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Zhibin Cheng
Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, People’s Republic of China
Zhenyu Zhou
Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Science Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Sijie Xie
Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Science Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Wei Zhang
Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Science Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Ning Han
Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Science Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Wei Guo
Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Science Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Jan Fransaer
Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Science Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Jiangshui Luo
Lab of Electrolytes and Phase Change Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
Andreu Cabot
Advanced Materials Department, Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Sant Adria del Besos, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
Michael Wübbenhorst
Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium

Corresponding Author: Michael Wübbenhorst

michael.wubbenhorst@kuleuven.be

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 15 (2023), Article Number: 165

Abstract

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have received widespread attention, and lean electrolyte Li–S batteries have attracted additional interest because of their higher energy densities. This review systematically analyzes the effect of the electrolyte-to-sulfur (E/S) ratios on battery energy density and the challenges for sulfur reduction reactions (SRR) under lean electrolyte conditions. Accordingly, we review the use of various polar transition metal sulfur hosts as corresponding solutions to facilitate SRR kinetics at low E/S ratios (< 10 µL mg−1), and the strengths and limitations of different transition metal compounds are presented and discussed from a fundamental perspective. Subsequently, three promising strategies for sulfur hosts that act as anchors and catalysts are proposed to boost lean electrolyte Li–S battery performance. Finally, an outlook is provided to guide future research on high energy density Li–S batteries.


Highlights:


1 This review systematically analyzes the effect of the electrolyte-to-sulfur ratios on battery energy density and the challenges for sulfur reduction reactions under lean electrolyte conditions.
2 The strengths and limitations of different transition metal compounds are systematically presented and discussed from a fundamental perspective.
3 Three promising strategies for sulfur hosts that act as anchors and catalysts are proposed to boost lean electrolyte Li–S battery performance.

Keywords

Transition metals Lean electrolyte Sulfur reduction reactions Li–S batteries
Pan, Hui, Zhibin Cheng, Zhenyu Zhou, Sijie Xie, Wei Zhang, Ning Han, Wei Guo, Jan Fransaer, Jiangshui Luo, Andreu Cabot, and Michael Wübbenhorst. 2023. “Boosting Lean Electrolyte Lithium–Sulfur Battery Performance With Transition Metals: A Comprehensive Review”. Nano-Micro Letters 15 (June):165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01137-y.
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