Issue

Vol. 14 (2022)

Electrochemical Proton Storage: From Fundamental Understanding to Materials to Devices

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-022-00864-y
Tiezhu Xu
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, People’s Republic of China
Di Wang
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, People’s Republic of China
Zhiwei Li
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, People’s Republic of China
Ziyang Chen
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, People’s Republic of China
Jinhui Zhang
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, People’s Republic of China
Tingsong Hu
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, People’s Republic of China
Xiaogang Zhang
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, People’s Republic of China
Laifa Shen
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, People’s Republic of China

Corresponding Author: Laifa Shen

lfshen@nuaa.edu.cn

Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 14 (2022), Article Number: 126

Abstract

Simultaneously improving the energy density and power density of electrochemical energy storage systems is the ultimate goal of electrochemical energy storage technology. An effective strategy to achieve this goal is to take advantage of the high capacity and rapid kinetics of electrochemical proton storage to break through the power limit of batteries and the energy limit of capacitors. This article aims to review the research progress on the physicochemical properties, electrochemical performance, and reaction mechanisms of electrode materials for electrochemical proton storage. According to the different charge storage mechanisms, the surface redox, intercalation, and conversion materials are classified and introduced in detail, where the influence of crystal water and other nanostructures on the migration kinetics of protons is clarified. Several reported advanced full cell devices are summarized to promote the commercialization of electrochemical proton storage. Finally, this review provides a framework for research directions of charge storage mechanism, basic principles of material structure design, construction strategies of full cell device, and goals of practical application for electrochemical proton storage.


Highlights:


1 Fundamental principles and advantages of electrochemical proton storage are briefly reviewed.
2 Research progresses and strategies to promote the development of electrochemical proton storage based on various charge storage mechanisms, electrode materials, and devices are discussed and summarized.
3 Challenges and perspectives of the next-generation electrochemical proton storage technology are discussed.

Keywords

Electrochemical proton storage Rapid kinetics Charge storage mechanism Material design Device construction
Xu, Tiezhu, Di Wang, Zhiwei Li, Ziyang Chen, Jinhui Zhang, Tingsong Hu, Xiaogang Zhang, and Laifa Shen. 2022. “Electrochemical Proton Storage: From Fundamental Understanding to Materials to Devices”. Nano-Micro Letters 14 (June):126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-022-00864-y.
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
References
  1. B. Dunn, H. Kamath, J.M. Tarascon, Electrical energy storage for the grid: a battery of choices. Science 334(6058), 928–935 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1212741
  2. Y. Gogotsi, P. Simon, True performance metrics in electrochemical energy storage. Science 334(6058), 917–918 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1213003
  3. Z. Li, B.Y. Guan, J.T. Zhang, X.W. Lou, A compact nanoconfined sulfur cathode for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries. Joule 1(3), 576–587 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2017.06.003
  4. Y.J. Liu, X.Y. Tao, Y. Wang, C. Jiang, C. Ma et al., Self-assembled monolayers direct a LiF-rich interphase toward long-life lithium metal batteries. Science 375(6582), 739–745 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abn1818
  5. D.Q. Cao, X.X. Shen, A.P. Wang, F.J. Yu, Y.P. Wu et al., Threshold potentials for fast kinetics during mediated redox catalysis of insulators in Li-O2 and Li-S batteries. Nat. Catal. 5, 193–201 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-022-00752-z
  6. X. Gao, Y. Chen, L.R. Johnson, Z.P. Jovanov, P.G. Bruce, A rechargeable lithium-oxygen battery with dual mediators stabilizing the carbon cathode. Nat. Energy 2(9), 17118 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2017.118
  7. D. Wang, J. Yang, P. He, H. Zhou, A low-charge-overpotential lithium-CO2 cell based on a binary molten salt electrolyte. Energy Environ. Sci. 14(7), 4107–4114 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ee00068c
  8. K. Baek, W.C. Jeon, S. Woo, J.C. Kim, J.G. Lee et al., Synergistic effect of quinary molten salts and ruthenium catalyst for high-power-density lithium-carbon dioxide cell. Nat. Commun. 11, 456 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-14121-1
  9. E. Fan, L. Li, Z. Wang, J. Lin, Y. Huang et al., Sustainable recycling technology for Li-ion batteries and beyond: challenges and future prospects. Chem. Rev. 120(14), 7020–7063 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00535
  10. C. Delmas, Sodium and sodium-ion batteries: 50 years of research. Adv. Energy Mater. 8(17), 1703137 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201703137
  11. T. Hosaka, K. Kubota, A.S. Hameed, S. Komaba, Research development on K-ion batteries. Chem. Rev. 120(14), 6358–6466 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00463
  12. C. Zhong, B. Liu, J. Ding, X. Liu, Y. Zhong et al., Decoupling electrolytes towards stable and high-energy rechargeable aqueous zinc-manganese dioxide batteries. Nat. Energy 5(6), 440–449 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-020-0584-y
  13. A. Du, Z. Zhang, H. Qu, Z. Cui, L. Qiao et al., An efficient organic magnesium borate-based electrolyte with non-nucleophilic characteristics for magnesium-sulfur battery. Energy Environ. Sci. 10(12), 2616–2625 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ee02304a
  14. M.C. Lin, M. Gong, B. Lu, Y. Wu, D.Y. Wang et al., An ultrafast rechargeable aluminium-ion battery. Nature 520(7547), 325–328 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14340
  15. S. Dong, W. Shin, H. Jiang, X. Wu, Z. Li et al., Ultra-fast NH4+ storage: strong H bonding between NH4+ and bi-layered V2O5. Chem 5(6), 1537–1551 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2019.03.009
  16. G. Liang, Y. Wang, Z. Huang, F. Mo, X. Li et al., Initiating hexagonal MoO3 for superb-stable and fast NH4+ storage based on hydrogen bond chemistry. Adv. Mater. 32(14), 1907802 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201907802
  17. X. Wu, Y. Qi, J.J. Hong, Z. Li, A.S. Hernandez et al., Rocking-chair ammonium-ion battery: a highly reversible aqueous energy storage system. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 56(42), 13026–13030 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201707473
  18. M. Salanne, B. Rotenberg, K. Naoi, K. Kaneko, P.L. Taberna et al., Efficient storage mechanisms for building better supercapacitors. Nat. Energy 1(6), 16070 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2016.70
  19. P. Simon, Y. Gogotsi, Perspectives for electrochemical capacitors and related devices. Nat. Mater. 19(11), 1151–1163 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-020-0747-z
  20. Y. Xu, X. Wu, X. Ji, The renaissance of proton batteries. Small Struct. 2(5), 2000113 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/sstr.202000113
  21. X. Wu, J.J. Hong, W. Shin, L. Ma, T. Liu et al., Diffusion-free Grotthuss topochemistry for high-rate and long-life proton batteries. Nat. Energy 4(2), 123–130 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-018-0309-7
  22. C. Knight, G.A. Voth, The curious case of the hydrated proton. Acc. Chem. Res. 45(1), 101–109 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1021/ar200140h
  23. C.T. Wolke, J.A. Fournier, L.C. Dzugan, M.R. Fagiani, T.T. Odbadrakh et al., Spectroscopic snapshots of the proton-transfer mechanism in water. Science 354(6316), 1131–1135 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf8425
  24. S.M.S.E. Adabifiroozjaei, Y. Yao, P. Koshy, S. Lim, R. Webster et al., Proton-assisted creation of controllable volumetric oxygen vacancies in ultrathin CeO2–x for pseudocapacitive energy storage applications. Nat. Commun. 10, 2594 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10621-2
  25. D.W. Lim, M. Sadakiyo, H. Kitagawa, Proton transfer in hydrogen-bonded degenerate systems of water and ammonia in metal-organic frameworks. Chem. Sci. 10(1), 16–33 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/c8sc04475a
  26. Z. Chen, Y. Peng, F. Liu, Z. Le, J. Zhu et al., Hierarchical nanostructured WO3 with biomimetic proton channels and mixed ionic-electronic conductivity for electrochemical energy storage. Nano Lett. 15(10), 6802–6808 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02642
  27. M.R. Lukatskaya, S. Kota, Z. Lin, M.Q. Zhao, N. Shpigel et al., Ultra-high-rate pseudocapacitive energy storage in two-dimensional transition metal carbides. Nat. Energy 2(8), 17105 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2017.105
  28. X. Wang, Y. Xie, K. Tang, C. Wang, C. Yan, Redox chemistry of molybdenum trioxide for ultrafast hydrogen-ion storage. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 57(36), 11569–11573 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201803664
  29. D.P. Dubal, N.R. Chodankar, S. Qiao, Tungsten nitride nanodots embedded phosphorous modified carbon fabric as flexible and robust electrode for asymmetric pseudocapacitor. Small 15(1), 1804104 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201804104
  30. Z. Wu, L. Jiang, W. Tian, Y. Wang, Y. Jiang et al., Novel sub-5 nm layered niobium phosphate nanosheets for high-voltage, cation-intercalation typed electrochemical energy storage in wearable pseudocapacitors. Adv. Energy Mater. 9(20), 1900111 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201900111
  31. G. Liang, F. Mo, X. Ji, C. Zhi, Non-metallic charge carriers for aqueous batteries. Nat. Rev. Mater. 6(2), 109–123 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-020-00241-4
  32. D.L. Chao, W.H. Zhou, F.X. Xie, C. Ye, H. Li et al., Roadmap for advanced aqueous batteries: from design of materials to applications. Sci. Adv. 6(21), eaba4098 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba4098
  33. Z. Guo, J. Huang, X. Dong, Y. Xia, L. Yan et al., An organic/inorganic electrode-based hydronium-ion battery. Nat. Commun. 11, 959 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14748-5
  34. J. Huang, S. Peng, J. Gu, G. Chen, J. Gao et al., Self-powered integrated system of a strain sensor and flexible all-solid-state supercapacitor by using a high performance ionic organohydrogel. Mater. Horiz. 7(8), 2085–2096 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/d0mh00100g
  35. H. Jiang, W. Shin, L. Ma, J.J. Hong, Z. Wei et al., A high-rate aqueous proton battery delivering power below − 78 °C via an unfrozen phosphoric acid. Adv. Energy Mater. 10(28), 2000968 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202000968
  36. C. Lu, X. Chen, All-temperature flexible supercapacitors enabled by antifreezing and thermally stable hydrogel electrolyte. Nano Lett. 20(3), 1907–1914 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b05148
  37. C. Strietzel, M. Sterby, H. Huang, M. Stromme, R. Emanuelsson et al., An aqueous conducting redox-polymer-based proton battery that can withstand rapid constant-voltage charging and sub-zero temperatures. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 59(24), 9631–9638 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202001191
  38. X. Wu, S. Qiu, Y. Xu, L. Ma, X. Bi et al., Hydrous nickel-iron turnbull’s blue as a high-rate and low-temperature proton electrode. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12(8), 9201–9208 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b20320
  39. J. Xu, X. Hu, X. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Ju et al., Low-temperature pseudocapacitive energy storage in Ti3C2Tx MXene. Energy Stor. Mater. 33, 382–389 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2020.08.029
  40. L. Yan, J. Huang, Z. Guo, X. Dong, Z. Wang et al., Solid-state proton battery operated at ultralow temperature. ACS Energy Lett. 5(2), 685–691 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c00109
  41. C. Choi, D.S. Ashby, D.M. Butts, R.H. DeBlock, Q. Wei et al., Achieving high energy density and high power density with pseudocapacitive materials. Nat. Rev. Mater. 5, 5–19 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-019-0142-z
  42. F. Liu, T. Wang, X. Liu, L.Z. Fan, Challenges and recent progress on key materials for rechargeable magnesium batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 11(2), 2000787 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202000787
  43. J.P. Zheng, P.J. Cygan, T.R. Jow, Hydrous ruthenium oxide as an electrode material for electrochemical capacitors. J. Electrochem. Soc. 142(8), 2699–2703 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2050077
  44. W. Dmowski, T. Egami, K.E. Swider-Lyons, C.T. Love, D.R. Rolison, Local atomic structure and conduction mechanism of nanocrystalline hydrous RuO2 from X-ray scattering. J. Phys. Chem. B 106(49), 12677–12683 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp026228l
  45. N. Yoshida, Y. Yamada, S. Nishimura, Y. Oba, M. Ohnuma et al., Unveiling the origin of unusual pseudocapacitance of RuO2·nH2O from its hierarchical nanostructure by small-angle X-ray scattering. J. Phys. Chem. C 117(23), 12003–12009 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp403402k
  46. V. Ozolins, F. Zhou, M. Asta, Ruthenia-based electrochemical supercapacitors: insights from first-principles calculations. Acc. Chem. Res. 46(5), 1084–1093 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1021/ar3002987
  47. Y. Liu, F. Zhou, V. Ozolins, Ab initio study of the charge-storage mechanisms in RuO2-based electrochemical ultracapacitors. J. Phys. Chem. C 116(1), 1450–1457 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp207616s
  48. C. Costentin, T.R. Porter, J.M. Saveant, How do pseudocapacitors store energy? Theoretical analysis and experimental illustration. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9(10), 8649–8658 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b14100
  49. A. Jadon, S. Prabhudev, G. Buvat, S.G. Patnaik, M. Djafari-Rouhani et al., Rethinking pseudocapacitance: a way to harness charge storage of crystalline RuO2. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 3(5), 4144–4148 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.0c00476
  50. H.A. Evans, Y. Wu, R. Seshadri, A.K. Cheetham, Perovskite-related ReO3-type structures. Nat. Rev. Mater. 5(3), 196–213 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-019-0160-x
  51. S. Tanisaki, Crystal structure of monoclinic tungsten trioxide at room temperature. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 15(4), 573–581 (1960). https://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.15.573
  52. S.H. Lee, R. Deshpande, P.A. Parilla, K.M. Jones, B. To et al., Crystalline WO3 nanops for highly improved electrochromic applications. Adv. Mater. 18(6), 763–766 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200501953
  53. J.D.E. McIntyre, S. Basu, W.F. Peck, W.L. Brown, W.M. Augustyniak, Cation insertion reactions of electrochromic tungsten and iridium oxide films. Phys. Rev. B 25(12), 7242–7254 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.25.7242
  54. P.G. Dickens, S. Crouch-Baker, M.T. Weller, Hydrogen insertion in oxides. Solid State Ion. 18–19, 89–97 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2738(86)90092-5
  55. S.J. Babinec, A quartz crystal microbalance analysis of ion insertion into WO3. Sol. Energy Mater Sol. Cells 25(3–4), 269–291 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1016/0927-0248(92)90073-x
  56. M.S. Whittingham, Hydrogen motion in oxides: from insulators to bronzes. Solid State Ion. 168(3–4), 255–263 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2003.08.056
  57. M. Zhu, W. Meng, Y. Huang, Y. Huang, C. Zhi, Proton-insertion-enhanced pseudocapacitance based on the assembly structure of tungsten oxide. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6(21), 18901–18910 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/am504756u
  58. J.B. Mitchell, W.C. Lo, A. Genc, J. LeBeau, V. Augustyn, Transition from battery to pseudocapacitor behavior via structural water in tungsten oxide. Chem. Mater. 29(9), 3928–3937 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b05485
  59. J. Besnardiere, B. Ma, A. Torres-Pardo, G. Wallez, H. Kabbour et al., Structure and electrochromism of two-dimensional octahedral molecular sieve h’-WO3. Nat. Commun. 10, 327 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07774-x
  60. W. Sun, M.T. Yeung, A.T. Lech, C.W. Lin, C. Lee et al., High surface area tunnels in hexagonal WO3. Nano Lett. 15(7), 4834–4838 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02013
  61. M. Zhu, Y. Huang, Y. Huang, Z. Pei, Q. Xue et al., Capacitance enhancement in a semiconductor nanostructure-based supercapacitor by solar light and a self-powered supercapacitor-photodetector system. Adv. Funct. Mater. 26(25), 4481–4490 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201601260
  62. E.V. Miu, J.R. McKone, Comparisons of WO3 reduction to HxWO3 under thermochemical and electrochemical control. J. Mater. Chem. A 7(41), 23756–23761 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta06394c
  63. H. Jiang, J.J. Hong, X. Wu, T.W. Surta, Y. Qi et al., Insights on the proton insertion mechanism in the electrode of hexagonal tungsten oxide hydrate. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 140(37), 11556–11559 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b03959
  64. A. Hu, Z. Jiang, C. Kuai, S. McGuigan, D. Nordlund et al., Uncovering phase transformation, morphological evolution, and nanoscale color heterogeneity in tungsten oxide electrochromic materials. J. Mater. Chem. A 8(38), 20000–20010 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ta06612e
  65. H. Lin, F. Zhou, C.P. Liu, V. Ozoliņš, Non-grotthuss proton diffusion mechanism in tungsten oxide dihydrate from first-principles calculations. J. Mater. Chem. A 2(31), 12280–12288 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ta02465f
  66. R. Wang, J.B. Mitchell, Q. Gao, W.Y. Tsai, S. Boyd et al., Operando atomic force microscopy reveals mechanics of structural water driven battery-to-pseudocapacitor transition. ACS Nano 12(6), 6032–6039 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b02273
  67. J.B. Mitchell, N.R. Geise, A.R. Paterson, N.C. Osti, Y. Sun et al., Confined interlayer water promotes structural stability for high-rate electrochemical proton intercalation in tungsten oxide hydrates. ACS Energy Lett. 4(12), 2805–2812 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.9b02040
  68. A. Zhou, W. Cheng, W. Wang, Q. Zhao, J. Xie et al., Hexacyanoferrate-type Prussian blue analogs: principles and advances toward high-performance sodium and potassium ion batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 11(2), 2000943 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202000943
  69. A. Simonov, T.D. Baerdemaeker, H.L.B. Bostrom, M.L.R. Gomez, H.J. Gray et al., Hidden diversity of vacancy networks in Prussian blue analogues. Nature 578(7794), 256–260 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-1980-y
  70. X. He, L. Tian, M. Qiao, J. Zhang, W. Geng et al., A novel highly crystalline Fe4(Fe(CN)6)3 concave cube anode material for Li-ion batteries with high capacity and long life. J. Mater. Chem. A 7(18), 11478–11486 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta02265a
  71. L. Jiang, Y. Lu, C. Zhao, L. Liu, J. Zhang et al., Building aqueous K-ion batteries for energy storage. Nat. Energy 4(6), 495–503 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-019-0388-0
  72. J.H. Lee, G. Ali, D.H. Kim, K.Y. Chung, Metal-organic framework cathodes based on a vanadium hexacyanoferrate Prussian blue analogue for high-performance aqueous rechargeable batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 7(2), 1601491 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201601491
  73. Z. Li, K. Xiang, W. Xing, W.C. Carter, Y.M. Chiang, Reversible aluminum-ion intercalation in Prussian blue analogs and demonstration of a high-power aluminum-ion asymmetric capacitor. Adv. Energy Mater. 5(5), 1401410 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201401410
  74. L. Ma, S. Chen, C. Long, X. Li, Y. Zhao et al., Achieving high-voltage and high-capacity aqueous rechargeable zinc ion battery by incorporating two-species redox reaction. Adv. Energy Mater. 9(45), 1902446 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201902446
  75. X. Peng, H. Guo, W. Ren, Z. Su, C. Zhao, Vanadium hexacyanoferrate as high-capacity cathode for fast proton storage. Chem. Commun. 56(79), 11803–11806 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/d0cc03974h
  76. K. Ono, M. Ishizaki, K. Kanaizuka, T. Togashi, T. Yamada et al., Grain-boundary-free super-proton conduction of a solution-processed prussian-blue nanop film. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 56(20), 5531–5535 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201701759
  77. S. Ohkoshi, K. Nakagawa, K. Tomono, K. Imoto, Y. Tsunobuchi et al., High proton conductivity in Prussian blue analogues and the interference effect by magnetic ordering. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132(19), 6620–6621 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja100385f
  78. P. Higel, F. Villain, M. Verdaguer, E. Riviere, A. Bleuzen, Solid-state magnetic switching triggered by proton-coupled electron-transfer assisted by long-distance proton-alkali cation transport. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136(17), 6231–6234 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja502294x
  79. M. Naguib, M. Kurtoglu, V. Presser, J. Lu, J. Niu et al., Two-dimensional nanocrystals produced by exfoliation of Ti3AlC2. Adv. Mater. 23(37), 4248–4253 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201102306
  80. Y.T. Liu, P. Zhang, N. Sun, B. Anasori, Q.Z. Zhu et al., Self-assembly of transition metal oxide nanostructures on MXene nanosheets for fast and stable lithium storage. Adv. Mater. 30(23), 1707334 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201707334
  81. Z. Lin, D. Barbara, P.L. Taberna, K.L.V. Aken, B. Anasori et al., Capacitance of Ti3C2Tx MXene in ionic liquid electrolyte. J. Power Sources 326, 575–579 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.04.035
  82. J. Yu, J. Zhou, P. Yao, H. Xie, M. Zhang et al., Antimonene engineered highly deformable freestanding electrode with extraordinarily improved energy storage performance. Adv. Energy Mater. 9(44), 1902462 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201902462
  83. M.R. Lukatskaya, S.M. Bak, X. Yu, X.Q. Yang, M.W. Barsoum et al., Probing the mechanism of high capacitance in 2D titanium carbide using in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Adv. Energy Mater. 5(15), 1500589 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201500589
  84. M.R. Lukatskaya, O. Mashtalir, C.E. Ren, Y. Dall’Agnese, P. Rozier et al., Cation intercalation and high volumetric capacitance of two-dimensional titanium carbide. Science 341(6153), 1502–1505 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1241488
  85. X. Mu, D. Wang, F. Du, G. Chen, C. Wang et al., Revealing the pseudo-intercalation charge storage mechanism of MXenes in acidic electrolyte. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(29), 1902953 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201902953
  86. H. Shao, K. Xu, Y.C. Wu, A. Iadecola, L. Liu et al., Unraveling the charge storage mechanism of Ti3C2Tx MXene electrode in acidic electrolyte. ACS Energy Lett. 5(9), 2873–2880 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01290
  87. X. Hu, W. Zhang, X. Liu, Y. Mei, Y. Huang, Nanostructured Mo-based electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage. Chem. Soc. Rev. 44(8), 2376–2404 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/c4cs00350k
  88. I.A. Castro, R.S. Datta, J.Z. Ou, A. Castellanos-Gomez, S. Sriram et al., Molybdenum oxides–from fundamentals to functionality. Adv. Mater. 29(40), 1701619 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201701619
  89. Z. Su, W. Ren, H. Guo, X. Peng, X. Chen et al., Ultrahigh areal capacity hydrogen-ion batteries with MoO3 loading over 90 mg cm−2. Adv. Funct. Mater. 30(46), 2005477 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202005477
  90. W. Zheng, J. Halim, A.E. Ghazaly, A.S. Etman, E.N. Tseng et al., Flexible free-standing MoO3/Ti3C2Tz MXene composite films with high gravimetric and volumetric capacities. Adv. Sci. 8(3), 2003656 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202003656
  91. H. Guo, D. Goonetilleke, N. Sharma, W. Ren, Z. Su et al., Two-phase electrochemical proton transport and storage in α-MoO3 for proton batteries. Cell Rep. Phys. Sci. 1(10), 100225 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2020.100225
  92. Y. Shi, L. Peng, Y. Ding, Y. Zhao, G. Yu, Nanostructured conductive polymers for advanced energy storage. Chem. Soc. Rev. 44(19), 6684–6696 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cs00362h
  93. S.K. Kim, J. Cho, J.S. Moore, H.S. Park, P.V. Braun, High-performance mesostructured organic hybrid pseudocapacitor electrodes. Adv. Funct. Mater. 26(6), 903–910 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201504307
  94. A.M. Navarro-Suárez, J. Carretero-González, T. Rojo, M. Armand, Poly(quinone-amine)/nanocarbon composite electrodes with enhanced proton storage capacity. J. Mater. Chem. A 5(44), 23292–23298 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta08489g
  95. T. Sun, H. Du, S. Zheng, J. Shi, X. Yuan et al., Bipolar organic polymer for high performance symmetric aqueous proton battery. Small Methods 5(8), 2100367 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202100367
  96. Z. Tie, S. Deng, H. Cao, M. Yao, Z. Niu et al., A symmetric all-organic proton battery in mild electrolyte. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 61(8), 202115180 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202115180
  97. A. Mukhopadhyay, Y. Jiao, R. Katahira, P.N. Ciesielski, M. Himmel et al., Heavy metal-free tannin from bark for sustainable energy storage. Nano Lett. 17(12), 7897–7907 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04242
  98. H. Yao, F. Zhang, G. Zhang, H. Luo, L. Liu et al., A novel two-dimensional coordination polymer-polypyrrole hybrid material as a high-performance electrode for flexible supercapacitor. Chem. Eng. J. 334, 2547–2557 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.12.013
  99. M. Zhu, L. Zhao, Q. Ran, Y. Zhang, R. Peng et al., Bioinspired catechol-grafting pedot cathode for an all-polymer aqueous proton battery with high voltage and outstanding rate capacity. Adv. Sci. 9(4), e2103896 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202103896
  100. S. Kandambeth, J. Jia, H. Wu, V.S. Kale, P.T. Parvatkar et al., Covalent organic frameworks as negative electrodes for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors. Adv. Energy Mater. 10(38), 2001673 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202001673
  101. S. Haldar, R. Kushwaha, R. Maity, R. Vaidhyanathan, Pyridine-rich covalent organic frameworks as high-performance solid-state supercapacitors. ACS Mater. Lett. 1(4), 490–497 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.9b00222
  102. K. Geng, T. He, R. Liu, S. Dalapati, K.T. Tan et al., Covalent organic frameworks: design, synthesis, and functions. Chem. Rev. 120(16), 8814–8933 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00550
  103. Q. Jiang, N. Kurra, M. Alhabeb, Y. Gogotsi, H.N. Alshareef, All pseudocapacitive MXene-RuO2 asymmetric supercapacitors. Adv. Energy Mater. 8(13), 1703043 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201703043
  104. M. Boota, Y. Gogotsi, MXene-conducting polymer asymmetric pseudocapacitors. Adv. Energy Mater. 9(7), 1802917 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201802917
  105. M. Boota, C. Chen, K.L.V. Aken, J. Jiang, Y. Gogotsi, Organic-inorganic all-pseudocapacitive asymmetric energy storage devices. Nano Energy 65, 104022 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.104022
  106. T. Xu, Z. Li, D. Wang, M. Zhang, L. Ai et al., A fast proton-induced pseudocapacitive supercapacitor with high energy and power density. Adv. Funct. Mater. 32(5), 2107720 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202107720
  107. W. Sun, F. Wang, S. Hou, C. Yang, X. Fan et al., Zn/MnO2 battery chemistry with H+ and Zn2+ coinsertion. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139(29), 9775–9778 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b04471
  108. Z. Tie, L. Liu, S. Deng, D. Zhao, Z. Niu, Proton insertion chemistry of a zinc-organic battery. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 59(12), 4920–4924 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201916529
  109. Z. Zhu, W. Wang, Y. Yin, Y. Meng, Z. Liu et al., An ultrafast and ultra-low-temperature hydrogen gas-proton battery. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 143(48), 20302–20308 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.1c09529
  110. F. Yue, Z. Tie, S. Deng, S. Wang, M. Yang et al., An ultralow temperature aqueous battery with proton chemistry. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 60(25), 13882–13886 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202103722
  111. T. Sun, H. Du, S. Zheng, J. Shi, Z. Tao, High power and energy density aqueous proton battery operated at –90 C. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(16), 2010127 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202010127
  112. Z. Liu, Y. Huang, Y. Huang, Q. Yang, X. Li et al., Voltage issue of aqueous rechargeable metal-ion batteries. Chem. Soc. Rev. 49(1), 180–232 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/c9cs00131j
  113. S. Wang, X. Zhao, X. Yan, Z. Xiao, C. Liu et al., Regulating fast anionic redox for high-voltage aqueous hydrogen-ion-based energy storage. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 58(1), 205–210 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201811220
  114. Y. Xu, X. Wu, H. Jiang, L. Tang, K.Y. Koga et al., A non-aqueous H3PO4 electrolyte enables stable cycling of proton electrodes. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 59(49), 22007–22011 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202010554
  115. K. Miyazaki, T. Shimada, S. Ito, Y. Yokoyama, T. Fukutsuka et al., Enhanced resistance to oxidative decomposition of aqueous electrolytes for aqueous lithium-ion batteries. Chem. Commun. 52(28), 4979–4982 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cc00873a
  116. Z. Hou, X. Zhang, X. Li, Y. Zhu, J. Liang et al., Surfactant widens the electrochemical window of an aqueous electrolyte for better rechargeable aqueous sodium/zinc battery. J. Mater. Chem. A 5(2), 730–738 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ta08736a
  117. Y. Shao, M.F. El-Kady, J. Sun, Y. Li, Q. Zhang et al., Design and mechanisms of asymmetric supercapacitors. Chem. Rev. 118(18), 9233–9280 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00252
  118. H. Wang, J. Li, X. Kuai, L. Bu, L. Gao et al., Enhanced rate capability of ion-accessible Ti3C2Tx-NbN hybrid electrodes. Adv. Energy Mater. 10(35), 2001411 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202001411
  119. L.Y. Chen, Y. Hou, J.L. Kang, A. Hirata, T. Fujita et al., Toward the theoretical capacitance of RuO2 reinforced by highly conductive nanoporous gold. Adv. Energy Mater. 3(7), 851–856 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201300024
  120. H. Ma, D. Kong, Y. Xu, X. Xie, Y. Tao et al., Disassembly-reassembly approach to RuO2/graphene composites for ultrahigh volumetric capacitance supercapacitor. Small 13(30), 1701026 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201701026
  121. R. Wang, Y. Sun, A. Brady, S. Fleischmann, T.B. Eldred et al., Fast proton insertion in layered H2W2O7 via selective etching of an aurivillius phase. Adv. Energy Mater. 11(1), 2003335 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202003335
  122. X. Chen, Y. Zhu, M. Zhang, J. Sui, W. Peng et al., N-butyllithium-treated Ti3C2Tx MXene with excellent pseudocapacitor performance. ACS Nano 13(8), 9449–9456 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b04301
  123. J. Tang, T. Mathis, X. Zhong, X. Xiao, H. Wang et al., Optimizing ion pathway in titanium carbide MXene for practical high-rate supercapacitor. Adv. Energy Mater. 11(4), 2003025 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202003025
  124. Y. Yang, P. Zhang, L. Hao, P. Cheng, Y. Chen et al., Grotthuss proton-conductive covalent organic frameworks for efficient proton pseudocapacitors. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 60(40), 21838–21845 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202105725
  125. G. Wang, T. Chen, C.J. Gomez-Garcia, F. Zhang, M. Zhang et al., A high-capacity negative electrode for asymmetric supercapacitors based on a PMo12 coordination polymer with novel water-assisted proton channels. Small 16(29), 2001626 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202001626
Read More
Author biographies are not available.
Download this PDF file
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 5859 Download : 4434

Most read articles by the same author(s)